Management of giant cell hepatitis associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia – a case series and review of the literature

References

• Protzer U, Dienes HP, Bianchi L, Lohse AW, Helmreich-Becker I, Gerken G, Büschenfelde KHM. Post-infantile giant cell hepatitis in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. Liver. 1996;16(4):274–282. Epub 1996/08/01.PubMed PMID: 8878001. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1996.tb00743.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torbenson M, Hart J, Westerhoff M, Azzam RK, Elgendi A, Mziray-Andrew HC, Kim GE, Scheimann A. Neonatal giant cell hepatitis: histological and etiological findings. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(10):1498–1503. Epub 2010/ 09/28. PubMed PMID: 20871223. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181f069ab.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang JW, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Chong SK, Lau GM, Lau GM, Lau JY. Hepatic expression of cell proliferation markers and growth factors in giant cell hepatitis: implications for the pathogenetic mechanisms involved. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52(1):65–72. Epub 2010/ 12/02. PubMed PMID: 21119537. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181f85a87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips MJ, Blendis LM, Poucell S, Offterson J, Petric M, Roberts E, Levy GA, Superina RA, Greig PD, Cameron R. Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis. Sporadic hepatitis with distinctive pathological features, a severe clinical course, and paramyxoviral features. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(7):455–460. Epub 1991/02/14. PubMed PMID: 1988831. doi:10.1056/NEJM199102143240705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tordjmann T, Grimbert S, Genestie C, Freymuth F, Guettier C, Callard P, Trinchet JC, Beaugrand M. [Adult multi-nuclear cell hepatitis. A study in 17 patients]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1998;22(3):305–310. Epub 1998/10/08.PubMed PMID: 9762216.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ben-Ari Z, Broida E, Monselise Y, Kazatsker A, Baruch J, Pappo O, Skappa E, Tur-Kaspa R. Syncytial giant-cell hepatitis due to autoimmune hepatitis type II (LKM1+) presenting as subfulminant hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95(3):799–801. Epub 2000/03/10. PubMed PMID: 10710079. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01863.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micchelli ST, Thomas D, Boitnott JK, Torbenson M. Hepatic giant cells in hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infection and HCV/HIV co-infection. J Clin Pathol. 2008;61(9):1058–1061. Epub 2008/ 08/07. PubMed PMID: 18682418. doi:10.1136/jcp.2008.058560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potenza L, Luppi M, Barozzi P, Rossi G, Cocchi S, Codeluppi M, Pecorari M, Masetti M, Di Benedetto F, Gennari W, et al. HHV-6A in syncytial giant-cell hepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(6):593–602. Epub 2008/08/09. PubMed PMID: 18687640. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa074479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fimmel CJ, Guo L, Compans RW, Brunt EM, Hickman S, Perrillo RR, Mason AL. A case of syncytial giant cell hepatitis with features of a paramyxoviral infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93(10):1931–1937. Epub 1998/10/15. PubMed PMID: 9772058. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00548.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexopoulou A, Deutsch M, Ageletopoulou J, Delladetsima JK, Marinos E, Kapranos N, Dourakis SP. A fatal case of postinfantile giant cell hepatitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;15(5):551–555. Epub 2003/04/19. PubMed PMID: 12702915. doi:10.1097/01.meg.0000050026.34359.7c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta E, Yacoub M, Higgins M, Al-Katib AM. Syncytial giant cell hepatitis associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report. BMC Blood Disord. 2012;12:8. Epub 2012/07/21. PubMed PMID: 22812631; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3502519. doi:10.1186/1471-2326-12-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta N, Njei B. Syncytial giant cell hepatitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Dig Dis. 2015;16(11):683–688. Epub 2015/07/07. PubMed PMID: 26147671; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4824312. doi:10.1111/1751-2980.12273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Oers MH, Kuliczkowski K, Smolej L, Petrini M, Offner F, Grosicki S, Levin M-D, Gupta I, Phillips J, Williams V, et al. Ofatumumab maintenance versus observation in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (PROLONG): an open-label, multicentre, randomised phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(13):1370–1379. Epub 2015/ 09/18. PubMed PMID: 26377300. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00143-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartl J, Buettner R, Rockmann F, Farkas S, Holstege A, Vogel C, Schnitzbauer A, Schlitt HJ, Schoelmerich J, Kirchner G. Giant cell hepatitis: an unusual cause of fulminant liver failure. Z Gastroenterol. 2010;48(11):1293–1296. Epub 2010/ 11/03. PubMed PMID: 21043007. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1245476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachou K, Arvaniti P, Azariadis K, Lygoura V, Gatselis NK, Lyberopoulou A, Koukoulis GK, Dalekos GN. Prompt initiation of high-dose intravenous corticosteroids seems to prevent progression to liver failure in patients with original acute severe autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatol Res. 2018. Epub 2018/ 09/25. PubMed PMID: 30248210. doi:10.1111/hepr.13252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paganelli M, Patey N, Bass LM, Alvarez F. Anti-CD20 treatment of giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Pediatrics. 2014;134(4):e1206–10. Epub 2014/09/10. PubMed PMID: 25201797. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajiri K, Shimizu Y, Tokimitsu Y, Tsuneyama K, Sugiyama T. An elderly man with syncytial giant cell hepatitis successfully treated by immunosuppressants. Internal Medicine. 2012;51(16):2141–2144. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.51.7870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar