Aberrant hnRNP K expression: All roads lead to cancer

References

• Lane DP, Crawford LV. T antigen is bound to a host protein in SY40-transformed cells. Nature 1979; 278:261-3; PMID:218111; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/278261a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linzer DIH, Levine AJ. Characterization of a 54 K Dalton cellular SV40 tumor antigen present in SV40-transformed cells and uninfected embryonal carcinoma cells. Cell 1979; 17:43-52; PMID:222475; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(79)90293-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay CA, Hinds PW, Levine AJ. The p53 proto-oncogene can act as a suppressor of transformation. Cell 1989; 57:1083-93; PMID:2525423; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(89)90045-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang GA, Iwakuma T, Suh YA, Liu G, Rao VA, Parant JM, Valentin-Vega YA, Terzian T, Caldwell LC, Strong LC, et al. Gain of Function of a p53 Hot Spot Mutation in a Mouse Model of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Cell 2004; 119:861-72; PMID:15607981; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olive KP, Tuveson DA, Ruhe ZC, Yin B, Willis NA, Bronson RT, Crowley D, Jacks T. Mutant p53 gain of function in two mouse models of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Cell 2004; 119:847-60; PMID:15607980; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massague J. TGF[β] signalling in context. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:616-30; PMID:22992590; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm3434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bierie B, Moses HL. Tumour microenvironment: TGF[β]: the molecular Jekyll and Hyde of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2006; 6:506-20; PMID:16794634; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notari M, Neviani P, Santhanam R, Blaser BW, Chang JS, Galietta A, Willis AE, Roy DC, Caligiuri MA, Marcucci G, et al. A MAPK/HNRPK pathway controls BCR/ABL oncogenic potential by regulating MYC mRNA translation. Blood 2006; 107:2507-16; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-09-3732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomonaga T, Levens D. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K Is a DNA-binding Transactivator. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:4875-81; PMID:7876260; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.9.4875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enge M, Bao W, Hedström E, Jackson SP, Moumen A, Selivanova G. MDM2-dependent downregulation of p21 and hnRNP K provides a switch between apoptosis and growth arrest induced by pharmacologically activated p53. Cancer Cell 2009; 15:171-83; PMID:19249676; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moumen A, Masterson P, O'Connor MJ, Jackson SP. hnRNP K: An HDM2 Target and Transcriptional Coactivator of p53 in Response to DNA Damage. Cell 2005; 123:1065-78; PMID:16360036; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch M, Chen L, Ravitz MJ, Mehtani S, Korenblat K, Pazin MJ, Schmidt EV. hnRNP K binds a core polypyrimidine element in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 E (eIF4E) promoter, and its regulation of eIF4E contributes to neoplastic transformation. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:6436-53; PMID:16024782; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.15.6436-6453.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao X, Wu H, Zhu X, Guo X, Hutchins AP, Luo Z, Song H, Chen Y, Lai K, Yin M, et al. The p53-induced lincRNA-p21 derails somatic cell reprogramming by sustaining H3K9me3 and CpG methylation at pluripotency gene promoters. Cell Res 2015; 25:80-92; PMID:25512341; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2014.165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter B, McKay M, Dundas SR, Lawrie LC, Telfer C, Murray GI. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is over expressed, aberrantly localised and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:921-7; PMID:16953238; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LC, Chung IC, Hsueh C, Tsang NM, Chi LM, Liang Y, Chen CC, Wang LJ, Chang YS. The antiapoptotic protein, FLIP, is regulated by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and correlates with poor overall survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1463-73; PMID:20224598; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2010.24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciarlo M, Benelli R, Barbieri O, Minghelli S, Barboro P, Balbi C, Ferrari N. Regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation by AKT/hnRNPK/AR/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:582-90; PMID:22015967; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.26402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen F, Shen A, Shanas R, Bhattacharyya A, Lian F, Hostetter G, Shi J. Higher Expression of the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K in Melanoma. Annals Surg Oncol 2010; 17:2619-27; http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-010-1121-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CS, Chang KP, Chen LC, Chen CC, Liang Y, Hseuh C, Chang YS. Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K and thymidine phosphorylase are independent prognostic and therapeutic markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncology 2012; 48:516-22; PMID:22321252; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dayyani F, Wang J, Yeh JRJ, Ahn EY, Tobey E, Zhang DE, Bernstein ID, Peterson RT, Sweetser DA. Loss of TLE1 and TLE4 from the del(9q) commonly deleted region in AML cooperates with AML1-ETO to affect myeloid cell proliferation and survival. Blood 2008; 111:4338-47; PMID:18258796; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-07-103291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krönke J, Bullinger L, Teleanu V, Tschürtz F, Gaidzik VI, Kühn MWM, Rücker FG, Holzmann K, Paschka P, Kapp-Schwörer S, et al. Clonal evolution in relapsed NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2013; 122:100-8; PMID:23704090; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-01-479188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweetser DA, Peniket AJ, Haaland C, Blomberg AA, Zhang Y, Zaidi ST, Dayyani F, Zhao Z, Heerema NA, Boultwood J, et al. Delineation of the minimal commonly deleted segment and identification of candidate tumor-suppressor genes in del(9q) acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 44:279-91; PMID:16015647; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gcc.20236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Genomic and epigenomic landscapes of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:2059-74; PMID:23634996; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1301689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullinger L, Kronke J, Schon C, Radtke I, Urlbauer K, Botzenhardt U, Gaidzik V, Cario A, Senger C, Schlenk RF, et al. Identification of acquired copy number alterations and uniparental disomies in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia using high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Leukemia 2009; 24:438-49; PMID:20016533; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/leu.2009.263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bomsztyk K, Denisenko O, Ostrowski J. hnRNP K: One protein multiple processes. BioEssays 2004; 26:629-38; PMID:15170860; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.20048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostareck-Lederer A, Ostareck DH. Precision mechanics with multifunctional tools: How HnRNP K and HnRNPs E1/E2 contribute to post-transcriptional control of gene expression in hematopoiesis. Curr Protein Peptide Sci 2012; 13:391-400; http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920312801619484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barboro P, Ferrari N, Balbi C. Emerging roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) in cancer progression. Cancer Letters 2014; 352:152-9; PMID:25016060; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2014.06.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie SA, Pasha MK, Batten DJP, Sharma RK, Olson DJH, Ross ARS, Bonham K. Identification of the SRC pyrimidine‐binding protein (SPy) as hnRNP K: implications in the regulation of SRC1A transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31:1502-13; PMID:12595559; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelotti EF, Michelotti GA, Aronsohn AI, Levens D. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is a transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol 1996; 16:2350-60; PMID:8628302; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.16.5.2350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shnyreva M, Schullery DS, Suzuki H, Higaki Y, Bomsztyk K. Interaction of two multifunctional proteins: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and Y-box-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:15498-503; PMID:10809782; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.20.15498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitrova N, Zamudio Jesse R, Jong Robyn M, Soukup D, Resnick R, Sarma K, Ward Amanda J, Raj A, Lee Jeannie T, Sharp Phillip A, et al. LincRNA-p21 Activates p21 In cis to Promote Polycomb Target Gene Expression and to Enforce the G1/S Checkpoint. Mol Cell 2014; 54:777-90; PMID:24857549; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2014.04.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huarte M, Guttman M, Feldser D, Garber M, Koziol MJ, Kenzelmann-Broz D, Khalil AM, Zuk O, Amit I, Rabani M, et al. A Large Intergenic Noncoding RNA Induced by p53 Mediates Global Gene Repression in the p53 Response. Cell 2010; 142:409-19; PMID:20673990; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuel SK, Spencer VA, Bajno L, Sun J-M, Holth LT, Oesterreich S, Davie JR. In situ cross-linking by cisplatin of nuclear matrix-bound transcription factors to nuclear DNA of human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 1998; 58:3004-8; PMID:9679963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denisenko ON, Bomsztyk K. The product of the murine homolog of the Drosophila extra sex combs gene displays transcriptional repressor activity. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:4707-17; PMID:9234727; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.17.8.4707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans JR, Mitchell SA, Spriggs KA, Ostrowski J, Bomsztyk K, Ostarek D, Willis AE. Members of the poly (rC) binding protein family stimulate the activity of the c-myc internal ribosome entry segment in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene 2003; 22:8012-20; PMID:12970749; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee M-H, Mori S, Raychaudhuri P. trans-Activation by the hnRNP K Protein Involves an Increase in RNA Synthesis from the Reporter Genes. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:3420-7; PMID:8631943; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.7.3420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naarmann-de Vries IS, Urlaub H, Ostareck DH, Ostareck-Lederer A. Caspase-3 cleaves hnRNP K in erythroid differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e548; PMID:23519117; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2013.75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ostareck DH, Ostareck-Lederer A, Wilm M, Thiele BJ, Mann M, Hentze MW. mRNA silencing in erythroid differentiation: hnRNP K and hnRNP E1 Regulate 15-lipoxygenase translation from the 3′ End. Cell 1997; 89:597-606; PMID:9160751; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80241-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SW, Lee MH, Park JH, Kang SH, Yoo HM, Ka SH, Oh YM, Jeon YJ, Chung CH. SUMOylation of hnRNP‐K is required for p53‐mediated cell‐cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. EMBO J 2012; 31:4441-52; PMID:23092970; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2012.293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelisch F, Pozzi B, Risso G, Muñoz MJ, Srebrow A. DNA damage-induced heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K sumoylation regulates p53 transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30789-99; PMID:22825850; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.390120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano M, Okano HJ, Okano H. Involvement of Hu and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K in neuronal differentiation through p21 mRNA post-transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:12690-9; PMID:15671036; http://dx.doi.org/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M411119200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallardo M, Lee Hun J, Zhang X, Bueso-Ramos C, Pageon Laura R, McArthur M, Multani A, Nazha A, Manshouri T, Parker-Thornburg J, et al. hnRNP K Is a Haploinsufficient Tumor Suppressor that Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation Programs in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:486-99; PMID:26412324; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2015.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au PYB, You J, Caluseriu O, Schwartzentruber J, Majewski J, Bernier FP, Ferguson M, Valle D, Parboosingh JS, Sobreira N, et al. Gene Matcher aids in the identification of a new malformation syndrome with intellectual disability, unique facial dysmorphisms, and skeletal and connective tissue abnormalities caused by de novo variants in hnrnpk. Human Mutation 2015; 36:1009-14; PMID:26173930; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.22837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Gervasi C, Szaro BG. A crucial role for hnRNP K in axon development in Xenopus laevis. Development 2008; 135:3125-35; PMID:18725517; http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.022236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Oca Luna RM, Wagner DS, Lozano G. Rescue of early embryonic lethality in mdm2-deficient mice by deletion of p53. Nature 1995; 378:203-6; PMID:7477326; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/378203a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes SA, Beare D, Gunasekaran P, Leung K, Bindal N, Boutselakis H, Ding M, Bamford S, Cole C, Ward S, et al. COSMIC: exploring the world's knowledge of somatic mutations in human cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:D805-D11; PMID:25355519; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piñol-Roma S, Choi YD, Matunis MJ, Dreyfuss G. Immunopurification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles reveals an assortment of RNA-binding proteins. Genes Dev 1988; 2:215-27; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.2.2.215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar