RAC2-P38 MAPK-dependent NADPH oxidase activity is associated with the resistance of quiescent cells to ionizing radiation

References

• Ginn-Pease ME, Eng C. Increased nuclear phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 is associated with G0-G1 in MCF-7 cells. Cancer Res 2003; 63:282-6; PMID:12543774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding N, Pei H, He J, Furusawa Y, Hirayama R, Liu C, Matsumoto R, Li H, Hu W, Li Y, et al. Simulated studies on the biological effects of space radiation on quiescent human fibroblasts. Adv Space Res 2013; 52:1314-9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2013.06.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsasser T, Weyrather WK, Friedrich T, Durante M, Iancu G, Krämer M, Kragl G, Brons S, Winter M, Weber KJ, et al. Quantification of the relative biological effectiveness for ion beam radiotherapy: direct experimental comparison of proton and carbon ion beams and a novel approach for treatment planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 78:1177-83; PMID:20732758; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.05.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devasagayam TP, Tilak JC, Boloor KK, Sane KS, Ghaskadbi SS, Lele RD. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52:794-804; PMID:15909857
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chae HJ, Chae SW, Kang JS, Bang BG, Han JI, Moon SR, Park RK, So HS, Jee KS, Kim HM, et al. Effect of ionizing radiation on the differentiation of ROS 17/2.8 osteoblasts through free radicals. J Radiat Res 1999; 40:323-35; PMID:10748578; http://dx.doi.org/10.1269/jrr.40.323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du C, Gao Z, Venkatesha VA, Kalen AL, Chaudhuri L, Spitz DR, Cullen JJ, Oberley LW, Goswami PC. Mitochondrial ROS and radiation induced transformation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:1962-71; PMID:19738419; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.8.20.9648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Q, Zhou C, Healey S, Chu W, Kouttab N, Bi Z, Wan Y. UV radiation down-regulates Dsg-2 via Rac/NADPH oxidase-mediated generation of ROS in human lens epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2006; 18:381-7; PMID:16820949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Indo HP, Davidson M, Yen HC, Suenaga S, Tomita K, Nishii T, Higuchi M, Koga Y, Ozawa T, Majima HJ. Evidence of ROS generation by mitochondria in cells with impaired electron transport chain and mitochondrial DNA damage. Mitochondrion 2007; 7:106-18; PMID:17307400; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2006.11.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach JK, Van Tuyle G, Lin PS, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Mikkelsen RB. Ionizing radiation-induced, mitochondria-dependent generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen. Cancer Res 2001; 61:3894-901; PMID:11358802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridley AJ. Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking. Trends Cell Biol 2006; 16:522-9; PMID:16949823; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diebold BA, Bokoch GM. Molecular basis for Rac2 regulation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Nat Immunol 2001; 2(3):211-5; PMID:11224519; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/85259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fattouh R, Guo CH, Lam GY, Gareau MG, Ngan BY, Glogauer M, Muise AM, Brumell JH. Rac2-deficiency leads to exacerbated and protracted colitis in response to citrobacter rodentium infection. PloS One 2013; 8:e61629; PMID:23613889; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061629
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shen L, Gao Y, Qian J, Wu Y, Zhou M, Sun A, Zou Y, Ge J. The role of SDF-1alpha/Rac pathway in the regulation of endothelial progenitor cell polarity; homing and expression of Rac1, Rac2 during endothelial repair. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:1-7; PMID:21964561; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-011-1083-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao X, Miao M, Qi X, Chen Z. Ras-proximate-1 GTPase-activating protein and Rac2 may play pivotal roles in the initial development of myelodysplastic syndrome. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:289-98; PMID:22844372; http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courjal F, Chuchana P, Theillet C, Fort P. Structure and chromosomal assignment to 22q12 and 17qter of the ras-related Rac2 and Rac3 human genes. Genomics 1997; 44:242-6; PMID:9299243; http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1997.4871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irani K, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ. Ras, superoxide and signal transduction. Biochem Pharmacol 1998; 55:1339-46; PMID:10076523; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00616-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morazzani M, de Carvalho DD, Kovacic H, Smida-Rezgui S, Briand C, Penel C. Monolayer versus aggregate balance in survival process for EGF-induced apoptosis in A431 carcinoma cells: Implication of ROS-P38 mapk-integrin A2B1 pathway. Int J Cancer 2004; 110:788-99; PMID:15170659; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriakis JM, Avruch J. Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation. Physiol Rev 2001; 81:807-69; PMID:11274345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieborowska-Skorska M, Kopinski PK, Ray R, Hoser G, Ngaba D, Flis S, Cramer K, Reddy MM, Koptyra M, Penserga T, et al. Rac2-MRC-cIII-generated ROS cause genomic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells and primitive progenitors. Blood 2012; 119(18):4253-63; PMID:22411871; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-10-385658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai H, Harrison DG. Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ Res 2000; 87:840-4; PMID:11073878; http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.87.10.840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JM, Shah AM. Endothelial cell superoxide generation: regulation and relevance for cardiovascular pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R1014-30; PMID:15475499; http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00124.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworakowski R, Alom-Ruiz SP, Shah AM. NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species in the regulation of endothelial phenotype. Pharmacol Rep: PR 2008; 60:21-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemons JM, Feng XJ, Bennett BD, Legesse-Miller A, Johnson EL, Raitman I, Pollina EA, Rabitz HA, Rabinowitz JD, Coller HA. Quiescent fibroblasts exhibit high metabolic activity. PLoS Biol 2010; 8:e1000514; PMID:21049082; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger NJ, von Schaewen A. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway: structure and organisation. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2003; 6:236-46; PMID:12753973; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00039-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott MD, Zuo L, Lubin BH, Chiu DT. NADPH, not glutathione, status modulates oxidant sensitivity in normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes. Blood 1991; 77:2059-64; PMID:2018843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marty L, Siala W, Schwarzländer M, Fricker MD, Wirtz M, Sweetlove LJ, Meyer Y, Meyer AJ, Reichheld JP, Hell R. The NADPH-dependent thioredoxin system constitutes a functional backup for cytosolic glutathione reductase in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:9109-14; PMID:19451637; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900206106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanzok SM, Fechner A, Bauer H, Ulschmid JK, Müller HM, Botella-Munoz J, Schneuwly S, Schirmer R, Becker K. Substitution of the thioredoxin system for glutathione reductase in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 2001; 291:643-6; PMID:11158675; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5504.643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA. Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1780:1236-48; PMID:18395526; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindahl T. Instability and decay of the primary structure of DNA. Nature 1993; 362:709-15; PMID:8469282; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362709a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodbine L, Brunton H, Goodarzi AA, Shibata A, Jeggo PA. Endogenously induced DNA double strand breaks arise in heterochromatic DNA regions and require ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Artemis for their repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:6986-97; PMID:21596788; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs JP, Jones CM, Baille JP. Characteristics of a human diploid cell designated MRC-5. Nature 1970; 227:168-70; PMID:4316953; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/227168a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu W, Pei H, Li H, Ding N, He J, Wang J, Furusawa Y, Hirayama R, Matsumoto Y, Liu C. Effects of shielding on the induction of 53BP1 foci and micronuclei after Fe ion exposures. J Radiat Res 2013; 55:10-6; PMID:23728321; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrt078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Joseph JA. Quantifying cellular oxidative stress by dichlorofluorescein assay using microplate reader. Free Radical Bio Med 1999; 27:612-6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00107-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruoma OI, Grootveld M, Bahorun T. Free radicals in biology and medicine: from inflammation to biotechnology. Biofactors 2006; 27:1-3; PMID:17012759; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520270101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar