References
- Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, De Ferranti SD, Floyd J, Fornage M, Gillespie C, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: a report from the American heart association. Circulation. [Internet]. 2017;135:e146–603. [ cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28122885
- Katz AM. The cardiomyopathy of overload: an unnatural growth response in the hypertrophied heart. Ann Intern Med. [Internet]. 1994;121:363–371. [ cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8042826
- Grossman W, Jones D, Mclaurin LP. Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle. 1975. [ cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC436555/pdf/jcinvest00142-0071.pdf
- Hutchins GM, Bulkley BH. Infarct expansion versus extension: two different complications of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. [Internet]. 1978;41:1127–1132. [ cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/665522
- Tang WW, Francis GS. Novel pharmacological treatments for heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. [Internet]. 2003;12:1791–1801. [ cited 2018 Jan 29]. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1517/13543784.12.11.1791
- Soonpaa MH, Field LJ. Assessment of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis in normal and injured adult mouse hearts. Am J Physiol Circ Physiol. [Internet]. 1997;272:H220–6. [ cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9038941
- Nadal-Ginard B. Commitment, fusion and biochemical differentiation of a myogenic cell line in the absence of DNA synthesis. Cell. [Internet]. 1978;15:855–864. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/728992
- Ali SR, Hippenmeyer S, Saadat LV, Luo L, Weissman IL, Ardehali R. Existing cardiomyocytes generate cardiomyocytes at a low rate after birth in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. [Internet]. 2014;111:8850–8855. [ cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876275
- Bergmann O, Bhardwaj RD, Bernard S, Zdunek S, Barnabé-Heider F, Walsh S, Zupicich J, Alkass K, Buchholz BA, Druid H, et al. Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans. Science (80-). [Internet]. 2009;324:98–102. [ cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342590
- Kajstura J, Gurusamy N, Ogorek B, Goichberg P, Clavo-Rondon C, Hosoda T, D’Amario D, Bardelli S, Beltrami AP, Cesselli D, et al. Myocyte turnover in the aging human heart. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2010;107:1374–1386. [ cited 2018 Jan 17]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21088285
- Gomer RH. Cell division: not being the wrong size. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. [Internet]. 2001;2:48–55. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/35048058
- Beltrami AP, Barlucchi L, Torella D, Baker M, Limana F, Chimenti S, Kasahara H, Rota M, Musso E, Urbanek K, et al. Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. Cell. [Internet]. 2003;114:763–776. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867403006871
- Urbanek K. Cardiac stem cells possess growth factor-receptor systems that after activation regenerate the infarcted myocardium, improving ventricular function and long-term survival. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2005;97:663–673. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://circres.ahajournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1161/01.RES.0000183733.53101.11
- Srivastava D, Ivey KN. Potential of stem-cell-based therapies for heart disease. Nat. 2006;4417097:2006.
- Menasche P. Cell-based therapy for heart disease: a clinically oriented perspective. Mol Ther. [Internet]. 2009;17:758–766. [ cited 2018 Jan 23]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1525001616317737
- Sohn RL, Jain M, Liao R. Adult stem cells and heart regeneration. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. [Internet]. 2007;5:507–517. [ cited 2018 Jan 29]. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1586/14779072.5.3.507
- Nir S, David R, Zaruba M, Franz W-M, Itskovitz-Eldor J. Human embryonic stem cells for cardiovascular repair. Cardiovasc Res. [Internet]. 2003;58:313–323. [ cited 2018 Jan 23]. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article-lookup/doi/10.1016/S0008-6363(03)00264-5
- Menasché P, Hagège AA, Scorsin M, Pouzet B, Desnos M, Duboc D, Schwartz K, Vilquin JT, Marolleau JP. Myoblast transplantation for heart failure. Lancet. [Internet]. 2001;357:279–280. [ cited 2018 Jan 23]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11214133
- Zhang S, Ge J, Sun A, Xu D, Qian J, Lin J, Zhao Y, Hu H, Li Y, Wang K, et al. Comparison of various kinds of bone marrow stem cells for the repair of infarcted myocardium: single clonally purified non-hematopoietic mesenchymal stem cells serve as a superior source. J Cell Biochem. [Internet]. 2006;99:1132–1147. [ cited 2018 Jan 23]. Available from:: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16795039
- Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D, Ellison G. Cardiovascular regenerative medicine at the crossroads. Clinical trials of cellular therapy must now be based on reliable experimental data from animals with characteristics similar to human’s. Rev Española Cardiol (English Ed). [Internet]. 2006;59:1175–1189. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1885585707600668
- Petsche Connell J, Camci-Unal G, Khademhosseini A, Jacot JG. Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. [Internet]. 2013;19:368–379. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from:: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23350771
- Urbanek K, Torella D, Sheikh F, De Angelis A, Nurzynska D, Silvestri F, Beltrami CA, Bussani R, Beltrami AP, Quaini F, et al. Myocardial regeneration by activation of multipotent cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. [Internet]. 2005;102:8692–8697. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from:: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15932947
- Ellison GM, Vicinanza C, Smith AJ, Aquila I, Leone A, Waring CD, Henning BJ, Stirparo GG, Papait R, Scarfò M, et al. Adult c-kitpos cardiac stem cells are necessary and sufficient for functional cardiac regeneration and repair. Cell. [Internet]. 2013;154:827–842. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from:: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23953114
- Nadal-Ginard B, Ellison GM, Torella D. The cardiac stem cell compartment is indispensable for myocardial cell homeostasis, repair and regeneration in the adult. Stem Cell Res. [Internet]. 2014;13:615–630. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873506114000440
- Vicinanza C, Aquila I, Scalise M, Cristiano F, Marino F, Cianflone E, Mancuso T, Marotta P, Sacco W, Lewis FC, et al. Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and robustly myogenic: c-kit expression is necessary but not sufficient for their identification. Cell Death Differ. [Internet]. 2017;24:2101–2116. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from:: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800128
- Martin CM, Meeson AP, Robertson SM, Hawke TJ, Richardson JA, Bates S, Goetsch SC, Gallardo TD, Garry DJ. Persistent expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter, Abcg2, identifies cardiac SP cells in the developing and adult heart. DevR Biol. [Internet]. 2004;265:262–275. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012160603005815
- Messina E, De Angelis L, Frati G, Morrone S, Chimenti S, Fiordaliso F, Salio M, Battaglia M, Latronico MVG, Coletta M, et al. Isolation and expansion of adult cardiac stem cells from human and murine heart. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2004;95:911–921. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472116
- Torella D, Ellison GM, Nadal-Ginard B, Indolfi C. Cardiac stem and progenitor cell biology for regenerative medicine. trends Cardiovasc Med. [Internet]. 2005;15:229–236. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16182134
- Noseda M, Abreu-Paiva M, Schneider MD. The quest for the adult cardiac stem cell. Circ J. [Internet]. 2015;79:1422–1430. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/79/7/79_CJ-15-0557/_article
- Garbern JC, Lee RT. Cardiac stem cell therapy and the promise of heart regeneration. Cell Stem Cell. Internet. 2013;12:689–698. [cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590913002014
- Le T, Chong J. Cardiac progenitor cells for heart repair. Cell Death Discov. [Internet]. 2016;2:16052. Available from http://www.nature.com/articles/cddiscovery201652
- Van Berlo JH, Molkentin JD. An emerging consensus on cardiac regeneration. Nat Med. Internet. 2014;20:1386–1393. [cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25473919
- Van Berlo JH, Molkentin JD. Most of the dust has settled. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2016;118:17–19. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26837741
- Cai C-L, Molkentin JD. The elusive progenitor cell in cardiac regeneration: slip slidin’ away. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2017;120:400–406. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28104772
- Van Berlo JH, Kanisicak O, Maillet M, Vagnozzi RJ, Karch J, Lin SCJ, Middleton RC, Marbán E, Molkentin JD. C-kit+ cells minimally contribute cardiomyocytes to the heart. Nature. 2014;509:337–341.
- Sultana N, Zhang L, Yan J, Chen J, Cai W, Razzaque S, Jeong D, Sheng W, Bu L, Xu M, et al. Resident c-kit+ cells in the heart are not cardiac stem cells. Nat Commun. 2015 [Internet] [ cited 2018 Jan 18];6:8701.
- Liu Q, Yang R, Huang X, Zhang H, He L, Zhang L, Tian X, Nie Y, Hu S, Yan Y, et al. Genetic lineage tracing identifies in situ Kit-expressing cardiomyocytes. Cell Res. 2016 [Internet] [ cited 2018 Jan 19];26:119–130.
- Hierlihy AM, Seale P, Lobe CG, Rudnicki MA, Megeney LA. The post-natal heart contains a myocardial stem cell population. FEBS Lett. 2002 Oct 23;530(1–3):239–243.
- Linke A, Müller P, Nurzynska D, Casarsa C, Torella D, Nascimbene A, Castaldo C, Cascapera S, Böhm M, Quaini F, et al. Stem cells in the dog heart are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent and regenerate infarcted myocardium, improving cardiac function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 21;102(25):8966–8971.
- Ellison GM, Torella D, Dellegrottaglie S, Perez-Martinez C, Perez De Prado A, Vicinanza C, Purushothaman S, Galuppo V, Iaconetti C, Cd W, et al. Endogenous cardiac stem cell activation by insulin-like growth factor-1/hepatocyte growth factor intracoronary injection fosters survival and regeneration of the infarcted pig heart. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Aug 23;58(9):977–986. . Epub 2011 Jun 30.
- Hou X, Appleby N, Fuentes T, Longo LD, Bailey LL, Hasaniya N. Kearns-Jonker1M. Isolation, characterization, and spatial distribution of cardiac progenitor cells in the sheep heart. J Clin Exp Cardiolog. 2012 Oct;11(Suppl 6):004.
- Bearzi C, Rota M, Hosoda T, Tillmanns J, Nascimbene A, De Angelis A, Yasuzawa-Amano S, Trofimova I, Siggins RW, Lecapitaine N, et al. Human cardiac stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. [Internet]. 2007;104:14068–14073. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17709737
- Oh H, Bradfute SB, Gallardo TD, Nakamura T, Gaussin V, Mishina Y, Pocius J, Michael LH, Behringer RR, Garry DJ, et al. Cardiac progenitor cells from adult myocardium: homing, differentiation, and fusion after infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci. [Internet]. 2003;100:12313–12318. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2132126100
- Van Vliet P, Roccio M, Smits AM, Van Oorschot AAM, Metz CHG, Van Veen TAB, Sluijter JPG, Doevendans PA, Goumans MJ. Progenitor cells isolated from the human heart: a potential cell source for regenerative therapy. Neth Heart J. 2008 May;16(5):163–169.
- Smits AM, Van Vliet P, Metz CH, Korfage T, Sluijter JP, Doevendans PA, Goumans MJ. Human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells differentiate into functional mature cardiomyocytes: an in vitro model for studying human cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Nat Protoc. 2009;4(2):232–243.
- Pfister O, Mouquet F, Jain M, Summer R, Helmes M, Fine A, Colucci WS, Liao R. CD31- but Not CD31+ cardiac side population cells exhibit functional cardiomyogenic differentiation. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2005;97:52–61. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947249
- Sandstedt J, Jonsson M, Kajic K, Sandstedt M, Lindahl A, Dellgren G, Jeppsson A, Asp J. Left atrium of the human adult heart contains a population of side population cells. Basic Res Cardiol. [Internet]. 2012;107:255. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22361742
- Chimenti I, Gaetani R, Barile L, Forte E, Ionta V, Angelini F, Frati G, Messina E, Giacomello A. Isolation and expansion of adult cardiac stem/progenitor cells in the form of cardiospheres from human cardiac biopsies and murine hearts. Somatic Stem Cells. [Internet]. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2012 [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. p. 327–338. Available from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-61779-815-3_19
- Smith AJ, Lewis FC, Aquila I, Waring CD, Nocera A, Agosti V, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D, Ellison GM. Isolation and characterization of resident endogenous c-Kit+ cardiac stem cells from the adult mouse and rat heart. Nat Protoc. 2014;9:1662–1681.
- Chong JJ, Chandrakanthan V, Xaymardan M, Asli NS, Li J, Ahmed I, Heffernan C, Menon MK, Scarlett CJ, Rashidianfar A, et al. Adult cardiac-resident MSC-like stem cells with a proepicardial origin. Cell Stem Cell. 2011 Dec 2;9(6):527–540. .
- Sampaolesi M, Biressi S, Tonlorenzi R, Innocenzi A, Draghici E, Cusella De Angelis MG, Cossu G. Cell therapy of primary myopathies. Arch Ital Biol. 2005 Sep;143(3–4):235–242.
- Laugwitz K-L, Moretti A, Lam J, Gruber P, Chen Y, Woodard S, Lin L-Z, Cai C-L, Lu MM, Reth M, et al. Postnatal isl1+ cardioblasts enter fully differentiated cardiomyocyte lineages. Nature. [Internet]. 2005;433:647–653. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature03215
- Bu L, Jiang X, Martin-Puig S, Caron L, Zhu S, Shao Y, Roberts DJ, Huang PL, Domian IJ, Chien KR. Human ISL1 heart progenitors generate diverse multipotent cardiovascular cell lineages. Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):113–117. .
- Bollini S, Vieira JM, Howard S, Dubè KN, Balmer GM, Smart N, Riley PR. Re-activated adult epicardial progenitor cells are a heterogeneous population molecularly distinct from their embryonic counterparts. Stem Cells Dev. 2014 Aug 1;23(15):1719–1730. . Epub 2014 May 8.
- Smart N, Bollini S, Dubé KN, Vieira JM, Zhou B, Davidson S, Yellon D, Riegler J, Price AN, Lythgoe MF, et al. De novo cardiomyocytes from within the activated adult heart after injury. Nature. 2011 [Internet] [ cited 2018 Jan 24];474:640–644.
- Kondo M, Wagers AJ, Manz MG, Prohaska SS, Scherer DC, Beilhack GF, Shizuru JA, Weissman IL. BIology of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors : implications for clinical application. Annu Rev Immunol. [Internet]. 2003;21:759–806. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141007
- Morrison SJ, Wandycz AM, Hemmati HD, Wright DE, Weissman IL. Identification of a lineage of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. Development. [Internet]. 1997;124:1929–1939. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9169840
- Sellers SE, Tisdale JF, Agricola BA, Metzger ME, Donahue RE, Dunbar CE, Sorrentino BP. The effect of multidrug-resistance 1 gene versus neo transduction on ex vivo and in vivo expansion of rhesus macaque hematopoietic repopulating cells. Blood. [Internet]. 2001;97:1888–1891. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11238136
- Sandstedt J, Jonsson M, Lindahl A, Jeppsson A, Asp J. C-kit+ CD45− cells found in the adult human heart represent a population of endothelial progenitor cells. Basic Res Cardiol. [Internet]. 2010;105:545–556. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20119835
- Nadal-Ginard B, Ellison GM, Torella D. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: pitfalls of Cre knock-ins in the c-Kit locus. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2014;115:415–418. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24965482
- Jesty SA, Steffey MA, Lee FK, Breitbach M, Hesse M, Reining S, Lee JC, Doran RM, Nikitin AY, Fleischmann BK, et al. c-kit+ precursors support postinfarction myogenesis in the neonatal, but not adult, heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci. [Internet]. 2012;109:13380–13385. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22847442
- Keith MCL, Bolli R. “String Theory” of c-kit pos Cardiac Cells. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2015;116:1216–1230. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814683
- Noseda M, Harada M, McSweeney S, Leja T, Belian E, Stuckey DJ, Abreu Paiva MS, Habib J, Macaulay I, De Smith AJ, et al. PDGFRα demarcates the cardiogenic clonogenic Sca1+ stem/progenitor cell in adult murine myocardium. Nat Commun. 2015 May 18;6: 6930. .
- Torella D, Ellison GM, Karakikes I, Nadal-Ginard B. Cardiovascular development: towards biomedical applicability - Resident cardiac stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007;64:661–673.
- Buckingham M, Meilhac S, Zaffran S. Building the mammalian heart from two sources of myocardial cells. Nat Rev Genet. 2005;6:826–835.
- Moretti A, Caron L, Nakano A, Lam JT, Bernshausen A, Chen Y, Qyang Y, Bu L, Sasaki M, Martin-Puig S, et al. Multipotent embryonic Isl1+ progenitor cells lead to cardiac, smooth muscle, and endothelial cell diversification. Cell. [Internet]. 2006;127:1151–1165. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17123592
- Zhou B, Ma Q, Rajagopal S, Wu SM, Domian I, Rivera-Feliciano J, Jiang D, Von Gise A, Ikeda S, Chien KR, et al. Epicardial progenitors contribute to the cardiomyocyte lineage in the developing heart. Nature. [Internet]. 2008;454:109–113. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18568026
- Zhou B, Von Gise A, Ma Q, Rivera-Feliciano J, Pu WT. Nkx2-5- and Isl1-expressing cardiac progenitors contribute to proepicardium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. [Internet]. 2008;375:450–453. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18722343
- Bianco P, Cao X, Frenette PS, Mao JJ, Robey PG, Simmons PJ, Wang C-Y. The meaning, the sense and the significance: translating the science of mesenchymal stem cells into medicine. Nat Med. [Internet]. 2013;19:35–42. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23296015
- Matsuura K, Nagai T, Nishigaki N, Oyama T, Nishi J, Wada H, Sano M, Toko H, Akazawa H, Sato T, et al. Adult Cardiac Sca-1-positive cells differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem. [Internet]. 2004;279:11384–11391. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14702342
- Oyama T, Nagai T, Wada H, Naito AT, Matsuura K, Iwanaga K, Takahashi T, Goto M, Mikami Y, Yasuda N, et al. Cardiac side population cells have a potential to migrate and differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Biol. [Internet]. 2007;176:329–341. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17261849
- Smith RR, Barile L, Cho HC, Leppo MK, Hare JM, Messina E, Giacomello A, Abraham MR, Marban E. Regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells expanded from percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy specimens. Circulation. [Internet]. 2007;115:896–908. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.655209
- Kanisicak O, Vagnozzi RJ, Molkentin JD. Identity crisis for regenerative cardiac cKit+ c. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2017;121:1130–1132. [ cited 2018 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29074532
- Lennartsson J, Rönnstrand L. Stem cell factor receptor/c-Kit: from basic science to clinical implications. Physiol Rev. [Internet]. 2012;92:1619–1649. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23073628
- Zaruba MM, Soonpaa M, Reuter S, Field LJ. Cardiomyogenic potential of C-Kit+-expressing cells derived from neonatal and adult mouse hearts. Circulation. [Internet]. 2010;121:1992–2000. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20421520
- Aquila I, Marino F, Cianflone E, Marotta P, Torella M, Mollace V, Indolfi C, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D. The use and abuse of Cre/Lox recombination to identify adult cardiomyocyte renewal rate and origin. Pharmacol Res. [Internet]. 2018;127:116–128. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28655642
- Fazel S, Cimini M, Chen L, Li S, Angoulvant D, Fedak P, Verma S, Weisel RD, Keating A, Li R-K. Cardioprotective c-kit+ cells are from the bone marrow and regulate the myocardial balance of angiogenic cytokines. J Clin Invest. [Internet]. 2006;116:1865–1877. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16823487
- Bernex F, De Sepulveda P, Kress C, Elbaz C, Delouis C, Panthier JJ. Spatial and temporal patterns of c-kit-expressing cells in WlacZ/+ and WlacZ/WlacZ mouse embryos. Development. [Internet]. 1996;122:3023–3033. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8898216
- Reith AD, Rottapel R, Giddens E, Brady C, Forrester L, Bernstein A. W mutant mice with mild or severe developmental defects contain distinct point mutations in the kinase domain of the c-kit receptor. Genes Dev. [Internet]. 1990;4:390–400. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1692559
- Bernstein A, Chabot B, Dubreuil P, Reith A, Nocka K, Majumder S, Ray P, Besmer P. The mouse W/c-kit locus. Ciba Found Symp. [Internet]. 1990;148: 158-66-72. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1690623
- Schmidt-Supprian M, Rajewsky K. Vagaries of conditional gene targeting. Nat Immunol. [Internet]. 2007;8:665–668. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/ni0707-665
- Shin JY, Hu W, Naramura M, Park CY. High c-Kit expression identifies hematopoietic stem cells with impaired self-renewal and megakaryocytic bias. J Exp Med. [Internet]. 2014;211:217–231. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24446491
- Vicinanza C, Aquila I, Cianflone E, Scalise M, Marino F, Fumagalli F, Giovannone ED, Cristiano F, Iaccino E, Torella A, et al. c-kit Cre knock-ins fail to fate-map cardiac stem cells. Nature. 2018;555:E1–E5.
- Di Siena S, Gimmelli R, Nori SL, Barbagallo F, Campolo F, Dolci S, Rossi P, Venneri MA, Giannetta E, Gianfrilli D, et al. Activated c-Kit receptor in the heart promotes cardiac repair and regeneration after injury. Cell Death Dis [Internet]. 2016;7:1–15. Available from.
- Harvey RP. Organogenesis: patterning the vertebrate heart. Nat Rev Genet. [Internet]. 2002;3:544–556. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12094232
- Lopez-Sanchez C, Garcia-Martinez V. Molecular determinants of cardiac specification. Cardiovasc Res. [Internet]. 2011;91:185–195. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525125
- Brown CB, Wenning JM, Lu MM, Epstein DJ, Meyers EN, Epstein JA. Cre-mediated excision of Fgf8 in the Tbx1 expression domain reveals a critical role for Fgf8 in cardiovascular development in the mouse. Dev Biol. [Internet]. 2004;267:190–202. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14975726
- Verzi MP, McCulley DJ, De Val S, Dodou E, Black BL. The right ventricle, outflow tract, and ventricular septum comprise a restricted expression domain within the secondary/anterior heart field. Dev Biol. [Internet]. 2005;287:134–145. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16188249
- Rochais F, Dandonneau M, Mesbah K, Jarry T, Mattei M-G, Kelly RG. Hes1 is expressed in the second heart field and is required for outflow tract development. PLoS One. [Internet]. 2009;4:e6267. [ cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609448
- High FA, Jain R, Stoller JZ, Antonucci NB, Lu MM, Loomes KM, Kaestner KH, Pear WS, Epstein JA. Murine Jagged1/Notch signaling in the second heart field orchestrates Fgf8 expression and tissue-tissue interactions during outflow tract development. J Clin Invest. [Internet]. 2009;119:1986–1996. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19509466
- Koyanagi M, Bushoven P, Iwasaki M, Urbich C, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Notch signaling contributes to the expression of cardiac markers in human circulating progenitor cells. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2007;101:1139–1145. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17967789
- David R, Brenner C, Stieber J, Schwarz F, Brunner S, Vollmer M, Mentele E, Müller-Höcker J, Kitajima S, Lickert H, et al. MesP1 drives vertebrate cardiovascular differentiation through Dkk-1-mediated blockade of Wnt-signalling. Nat Cell Biol. [Internet]. 2008;10:338–345. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297060
- Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Cardioprotective growth factors. Cardiovasc Res. [Internet]. 2009;83:179–194. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19218286
- Aguirre A, Montserrat N, Zacchigna S, Nivet E, Hishida T, Krause MN, Kurian L, Ocampo A, Vazquez-Ferrer E, Rodriguez-Esteban C, et al. In vivo activation of a conserved MicroRNA program induces mammalian heart regeneration. Cell Stem Cell. [Internet]. 2014;15:589–604. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590914004548
- Klattenhoff CA, Scheuermann JC, Surface LE, Bradley RK, Fields PA, Steinhauser ML, Ding H, Butty VL, Torrey L, Haas S, et al. Braveheart, a long noncoding RNA required for cardiovascular lineage commitment. Cell. [Internet]. 2013;152:570–583. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867413000044
- Cao DJ. Epigenetic regulation and heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. [Internet]. 2014;12:1087–1098. [ cited 2018 Jan 29]. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1586/14779072.2014.942285
- Zhang Y, Zhong JF, Qiu H, Robb MacLellan W, Marbán E, Wang C. Epigenomic reprogramming of adult cardiomyocyte-derived cardiac progenitor cells. Sci Rep. [Internet]. 2016;5:17686. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/srep17686
- Qyang Y, Martin-Puig S, Chiravuri M, Chen S, Xu H, Bu L, Jiang X, Lin L, Granger A, Moretti A, et al. The renewal and differentiation of Isl1+ cardiovascular progenitors are controlled by a Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell Stem Cell. [Internet]. 2007;1:165–179. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18371348
- Klaus A, Muller M, Schulz H, Saga Y, Martin JF, Birchmeier W. Wnt/-catenin and Bmp signals control distinct sets of transcription factors in cardiac progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci. [Internet]. 2012;109:10921–10926. Available from http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1121236109
- Kattman SJ, Witty AD, Gagliardi M, Dubois NC, Niapour M, Hotta A, Ellis J, Keller G. Stage-specific optimization of activin/nodal and BMP signaling promotes cardiac differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cell lines. Cell Stem Cell. [Internet]. 2011;8:228–240. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21295278
- Shenghui H, Nakada D, Morrison SJ. Mechanisms of stem cell self-renewal. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. [Internet]. 2009;25:377–406. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19575646
- Mohsin S, Siddiqi S, Collins B, Sussman MA. Empowering adult stem cells for myocardial regeneration. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2011;109:1415–1428. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158649
- Beis D, Kalogirou S, Tsigkas N. Insights into heart development and regeneration. In: Introduction to translational cardiovascular research [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015 [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. p. 17–30. Available from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-08798-6_2
- Tirosh-Finkel L, Zeisel A, Brodt-Ivenshitz M, Shamai A, Yao Z, Seger R, Domany E, Tzahor E. BMP-mediated inhibition of FGF signaling promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation of anterior heart field progenitors. Development. [Internet]. 2010;137:2989–3000. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20702560
- Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig A. Wnt signalling and the control of cellular metabolism. Biochem J. [Internet]. 2010;427:1–17. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226003
- Torella D, Ellison GM, Karakikes I, Nadal-Ginard B. Growth-factor-mediated cardiac stem cell activation in myocardial regeneration. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. [Internet]. 2007;4:S46–51. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/ncpcardio0772
- Mii Y, Taira M. Secreted Frizzled-related proteins enhance the diffusion of Wnt ligands and expand their signalling range. Development. [Internet]. 2009;136:4083–4088. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19906850
- Yang L, Soonpaa MH, Adler ED, Roepke TK, Kattman SJ, Kennedy M, Henckaerts E, Bonham K, Abbott GW, Linden RM, et al. Human cardiovascular progenitor cells develop from a KDR+ embryonic-stem-cell-derived population. Nature. [Internet]. 2008;453:524–528. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature06894
- Kwon C, Qian L, Cheng P, Nigam V, Arnold J, Srivastava D. A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/β-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate. Nat Cell Biol. [Internet]. 2009;11:951–957. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19620969
- Yuasa S, Itabashi Y, Koshimizu U, Tanaka T, Sugimura K, Kinoshita M, Hattori F, Fukami S, Shimazaki T, Okano H, et al. Transient inhibition of BMP signaling by Noggin induces cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. [Internet]. 2005;23:607–611. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15867910
- Urbanek K, Cabral-da-Silva MC, Ide-Iwata N, Maestroni S, Delucchi F, Zheng H, Ferreira-Martins J, Ogorek B, D’Amario D, Bauer M, et al. Inhibition of Notch1-dependent cardiomyogenesis leads to a dilated myopathy in the neonatal heart. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2010;107:429–441. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558824
- Von Gise A, Lin Z, Schlegelmilch K, Honor LB, Pan GM, Buck JN, Ma Q, Ishiwata T, Zhou B, Camargo FD, et al. YAP1, the nuclear target of Hippo signaling, stimulates heart growth through cardiomyocyte proliferation but not hypertrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. [Internet]. 2012;109:2394–2399. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22308401
- Imajo M, Miyatake K, Iimura A, Miyamoto A, Nishida E. A molecular mechanism that links Hippo signalling to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. EMBO J. [Internet]. 2012;31:1109–1122. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22234184
- Heallen T, Zhang M, Wang J, Bonilla-Claudio M, Klysik E, Johnson RL, Martin JF. Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size. Science. [Internet]. 2011;332:458–461. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512031
- Wang Y, Yu A, Yu FX. The Hippo pathway in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Protein Cell. 2017;8:349–359.
- Xin M, Kim Y, Sutherland LB, Murakami M, Qi X, McAnally J, Porrello ER, Mahmoud AI, Tan W, Shelton JM, et al. Hippo pathway effector Yap promotes cardiac regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci [Internet]. 2013;110:13839–13844. Available from: http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1313192110
- Kusano KF, Pola R, Murayama T, Curry C, Kawamoto A, Iwakura A, Shintani S, Ii M, Asai J, Tkebuchava T, et al. Sonic hedgehog myocardial gene therapy: tissue repair through transient reconstitution of embryonic signaling. Nat Med. [Internet]. 2005;11:1197–1204. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16244652
- Johnson NR, Wang Y. Controlled delivery of sonic hedgehog with a heparin-based coacervate [Internet]. New York, NY: Humana Press; 2015 [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. p. 1–7. Available from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4939-2772-2_1
- Zhang Y, Cao N, Huang Y, Spencer CI, Fu JD, Yu C, Liu K, Nie B, Xu T, Li K, et al. Expandable cardiovascular progenitor cells reprogrammed from fibroblasts. Cell Stem Cell. 2016;18:368–381.
- Cao N, Huang Y, Zheng J, Spencer CI, Zhang Y, Fu J-D, Nie B, Xie M, Zhang M, Wang H, et al. Supplementary material for conversion of human fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by small molecules. Science. 2016;1502:1–10.
- Nadal-Ginard B, Ellison GM, Torella D. The cardiac stem cell compartment is indispensable for myocardial cell homeostasis, repair and regeneration in the adult. Stem Cell Res [Internet]. 2014;13:615–630. Available from.
- Dey D, Han L, Bauer M, Sanada F, Oikonomopoulos A, Hosoda T, Unno K, De Almeida P, Leri A, Wu JC. Dissecting the molecular relationship among various cardiogenic progenitor cells. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2013;112:1253–1262. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23463815
- Reith AD, Ellis C, Lyman SD, Anderson DM, Williams DE, Bernstein A, Pawson T. Signal transduction by normal isoforms and W mutant variants of the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase. EMBO J. [Internet]. 1991;10:2451–2459. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1714377
- Dolci S, Pellegrini M, Di Agostino S, Geremia R, Rossi P. Signaling through extracellular signal-regulated kinase is required for spermatogonial proliferative response to stem cell factor. J Biol Chem. [Internet]. 2001;276:40225–40233. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.jbc.org/lookup/doi/10.1074/jbc.M105143200
- Ye L, Zhang EY, Xiong Q, Astle CM, Zhang P, Li Q, From AHL, Harrison DE, Zhang JJ. Aging kit mutant mice develop cardiomyopathy. PLoS One. [Internet]. 2012;7:e33407. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033407
- Cimini M, Fazel S, Zhuo S, Xaymardan M, Fujii H, Weisel RD, Li R-K. c-Kit dysfunction impairs myocardial healing after infarction. Circulation. [Internet]. 2007;116:I-77-I-82. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17846329
- Xiang F-L, Lu X, Hammoud L, Zhu P, Chidiac P, Robbins J, Feng Q. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of human stem cell factor improves cardiac function and survival after myocardial infarction in mice. Circulation. [Internet]. 2009;120:1065–1074. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19738140
- Yaniz-Galende E, Chen J, Chemaly E, Liang L, Hulot J-S, McCollum L, Arias T, Fuster V, Zsebo KM, Hajjar RJ. Stem cell factor gene transfer promotes cardiac repair after myocardial infarction via in situ recruitment and expansion of c-kit+ cells. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2012;111:1434–1445. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22931954
- Naqvi N, Li M, Yahiro E, Graham RM, Husain A. Insights into the characteristics of mammalian cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation shown through the study of mice with a dysfunctional c-kit. Pediatr Cardiol. [Internet]. 2009;30:651–658. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19165540
- Li M, Naqvi N, Yahiro E, Liu K, Powell PC, Bradley WE, Martin DIK, Graham RM, Dell’Italia LJ, Husain A. c-kit is required for cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2008;102:677–685. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258857
- Tallini YN, Greene KS, Craven M, Spealman A, Breitbach M, Smith J, Fisher PJ, Steffey M, Hesse M, Doran RM, et al. c-kit expression identifies cardiovascular precursors in the neonatal heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. [Internet]. 2009;106:1808–1813. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19193854
- Fuchs E, Tumbar T, Gausch G. Howard hughes medical institute. socializing with the neighbors: stemcells and their niche. Cell. [Internet]. 2004;116:769–778. Available from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0092867404002557/1-s2.0-S0092867404002557-main.pdf?_tid=65f65714-5d26-11e5-a5bb-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1442485700_e60f19ef722d6bb1a010a891e40f0793
- Fuchs E, Chen T. A matter of life and death: self-renewal in stem cells. EMBO Rep. [Internet]. 2012;14:39–48. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229591
- Moore KA, Lemischka IR. Stem cells and their niches. Science (80-). 2006;311:1880–1885.
- Leri A, Rota M, Hosoda T, Goichberg P, Anversa P. Cardiac stem cell niches. Stem Cell Res. 2014;13:631–646.
- Urbanek K, Cesselli D, Rota M, Nascimbene A, De Angelis A, Hosoda T, Bearzi C, Boni A, Bolli R, Kajstura J, et al. Stem cell niches in the adult mouse heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci [Internet]. 2006;103:9226–9231. Available from: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0600635103
- Cheung T, Rando T. Molecular regulation of stem cell quiescence. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. [Internet]. 2013;14:1–26. Available from http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v14/n6/abs/nrm3591.html
- Tan S, Barker N. Engineering the niche for stem cells. Growth Factors. [Internet]. 2013;31:175–184. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/08977194.2013.859683
- Kanda P, Davis DR. Cellular mechanisms underlying cardiac engraftment of stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther. [Internet]. 2017;17:1127–1143. [ cited 2018 Jan 29]. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14712598.2017.1346080
- Barker N, Bartfeld S, Clevers H. Tissue-resident adult stem cell populations of rapidly self-renewing organs. Cell Stem Cell. [Internet]. 2010;7:656–670. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590910006387
- Wilson A, Laurenti E, Oser G, Van Der Wath RC, Blanco-Bose W, Jaworski M, Offner S, Dunant CF, Eshkind L, Bockamp E, et al. Hematopoietic stem cells reversibly switch from dormancy to self-renewal during homeostasis and repair. Cell. [Internet]. 2008;135:1118–1129. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009286740801386X
- Sanada F, Kim J, Czarna A, Chan NY-K, Signore S, Ogórek B, Isobe K, Wybieralska E, Borghetti G, Pesapane A, et al. c-Kit-positive cardiac stem cells nested in hypoxic niches are activated by stem cell factor reversing the aging myopathy. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2014;114:41–55. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24170267
- Bearzi C, Leri A, Lo Monaco F, Rota M, Gonzalez A, Hosoda T, Pepe M, Qanud K, Ojaimi C, Bardelli S, et al. Identification of a coronary vascular progenitor cell in the human heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. [Internet]. 2009;106:15885–15890. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19717420
- Howard A, Pelc SR. Synthesis of desoxyribonucleic acid in normal and irradiated cells and its relation to chromosome breakage. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Physics, Chem Med. [Internet]. 1986;49:207–218. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09553008514552501
- Watt FM, Hogan BL. Out of Eden: stem cells and their niches. Science. [Internet]. 2000;287:1427–1430. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688781
- Park I, Qian D, Kiel M, Becker MW, Pihalja M, Weissman IL, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF. Bmi-1 is required for maintenance of adult self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. [Internet]. 2003;423:302–305. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714971
- Ozhan G, Weidinger G. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in heart regeneration. Cell Regen. [Internet]. 2015;4:3. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2045976917300068
- Boni A, Urbanek K, Nascimbene A, Hosoda T, Zheng H, Delucchi F, Amano K, Gonzalez A, Vitale S, Ojaimi C, et al. Notch1 regulates the fate of cardiac progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci [Internet]. 2008;105:15529–15534. Available from: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0808357105
- De La Pompa JL, Epstein JA. Coordinating tissue interactions: notch signaling in cardiac development and disease. Dev Cell. [Internet]. 2012;22:244–254. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1534580712000482
- High FA, Epstein JA. The multifaceted role of Notch in cardiac development and disease. Nat Rev Genet. [Internet]. 2008;9:49–61. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18071321
- Campa VM, Gutiérrez-Lanza R, Cerignoli F, Díaz-Trelles R, Nelson B, Tsuji T, Barcova M, Jiang W, Mercola M. Notch activates cell cycle reentry and progression in quiescent cardiomyocytes. J Cell Biol. [Internet]. 2008;183:129–141. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18838555
- Zhao B, Tumaneng K, Guan K-L. The Hippo pathway in organ size control, tissue regeneration and stem cell self-renewal. Nat Cell Biol. [Internet]. 2011;13:877–883. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21808241
- Affolter M, Basler K. The Decapentaplegic morphogen gradient: from pattern formation to growth regulation. Nat Rev Genet. [Internet]. 2007;8:663–674. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/nrg2166
- Weinberg RA. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell. [Internet]. 1995;81:323–330. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7736585
- Torella D, Rota M, Nurzynska D, Musso E, Monsen A, Shiraishi I, Zias E, Walsh K, Rosenzweig A, Sussman MA, et al. Cardiac stem cell and myocyte aging, heart failure, and insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression. Circ Res. [Internet]. 2004;94:514–524. [ cited 2018 Jan 19. Available from: http://circres.ahajournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1161/01.RES.0000117306.10142.50
- Kajstura J, Pertoldi B, Leri A, Beltrami C-A, Deptala A, Darzynkiewicz Z, Anversa P. Telomere shortening is an in vivo marker of myocyte replication and aging. Am J Pathol. [Internet]. 2000;156:813–819. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10702397
- Leri A, Barlucchi L, Limana F, Deptala A, Darzynkiewicz Z, Hintze TH, Kajstura J, Nadal-Ginard B, Anversa P. Telomerase expression and activity are coupled with myocyte proliferation and preservation of telomeric length in the failing heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. [Internet]. 2001;98:8626–8631. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11447262
- Leri A, Franco S, Zacheo A, Barlucchi L, Chimenti S, Limana F, Nadal-Ginard B, Kajstura J, Anversa P, Blasco MA. Ablation of telomerase and telomere loss leads to cardiac dilatation and heart failure associated with p53 upregulation. EMBO J. [Internet]. 2003;22:131–139. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12505991
- Van Der Harst P, De Boer RA, Samani NJ, Wong LSM, Huzen J, Codd V, Hillege HL, Voors AA, Van Gilst WH, Jaarsma T, et al. Telomere length and outcome in heart failure. Ann Med. [Internet]. 2010;42:36–44. [ cited 2018 Jan 29]. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/07853890903233887
- Morrison SJ, Prowse KR, Ho P, Weissman IL. Telomerase activity in hematopoietic cells is associated with self-renewal potential. Immunity. [Internet]. 1996;5:207–216. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8808676
- Hornsby PJ. Telomerase and the aging process. Exp Gerontol. [Internet]. 2007;42:575–581. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482404
- Hiyama E, Hiyama K. Telomere and telomerase in stem cells. Br J Cancer. [Internet]. 2007;96:1020–1024. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17353922
- Baker DJ, Wijshake T, Tchkonia T, LeBrasseur NK, Childs BG, Van De Sluis B, Kirkland JL, Van Deursen JM. Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders. Nature. [Internet]. 2011;479:232–236. [ cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22048312
- Cesselli D, Beltrami AP, D’Aurizio F, Marcon P, Bergamin N, Toffoletto B, Pandolfi M, Puppato E, Marino L, Signore S, et al. Effects of age and heart failure on human cardiac stem cell function. Am J Pathol. 2011 Jul;179(1):349–366. . Epub 2011 May 19.
- Park I-K, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF. Bmi1, stem cells, and senescence regulation. J Clin Invest. [Internet]. 2004;113:175–179. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14722607
- Zhang D, Wang H, Tan Y. Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces the aging of mesenchymal stem cells through the DNA damage response and the p53/p21 pathway. PLoS One. [Internet]. 2011;6:e21397. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21712954
- Piao L, Zhao G, Zhu E, Inoue A, Shibata R, Lei Y, Hu L, Yu C, Yang G, Wu H, et al. Chronic psychological stress accelerates vascular senescence and impairs ischemia-induced neovascularization: the role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4/glucagon-like peptide-1-adiponectin axis. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2017;6. [ cited 2018 Jan 19]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28963101
- Marotta P, Cianflone E, Aquila I, Vicinanza C, Scalise M, Marino F, Mancuso T, Torella M, Indolfi C, Torella D. Combining cell and gene therapy to advance cardiac regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther. [Internet]. 2018 [ cited 2018 Jan 26]:1–15. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29347847