Rural-to-urban migration and adolescent delinquent behaviors: evidence from Hunan and Guangdong in China

References

• Agnew, R. 1992. “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency.” Criminology; an Interdisciplinary Journal 30 (4): 475–499. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01113.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato, R. P. 2005. “The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation.” The Future of Children 15 (2): 75–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antecol, H., and K. Bedard. 2007. “Does Single Parenthood Increase the Probability of Teenage Promiscuity, Substance Use and Crime?” Journal of Population Economics 20 (1): 55–71. doi:10.1007/s00148-005-0019-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antman, F. M. 2011. “The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Migration on Schooling and Work: What Can We Learn from Children’s Time Allocation.” Journal of Development Economics 96 (2): 200–208. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.11.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auletta, K. 1982. The Underclass. New York: Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Bui, H. N. 2009. “Parent-Child Conflicts, School Troubles, and Differences in Delinquency across Immigration Generations.” Crime and Delinquency 55 (3): 412–441. doi:10.1177/0011128707306122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, H., X. Dong, and F. Macphail. 2011. “Labor Migration and Time Use Patterns of the Left-Behind Children and Elderly in Rural China.” World Development 39 (12): 2199–2210. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X. 2012. “Social Capital and Delinquent Behaviors among Rural Left-Behind Children.” Zhejiang Social Science 5:86–93. in Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, X., Q. Huang, S. Rozelle, Y. Shi, and L. Zhang. 2009. “Effect of Migration on Children’s Educational Performance in Rural China.” Comparative Economic Studies 51 (3): 323–343. doi:10.1057/ces.2008.44.
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, N. W. T. 2013. “Rural-To-Urban Migrant Adolescents in Guangzhou, China: Psychological Health, Victimization, and Local and Trans-Local Ties.” Social Science & Medicine 93: 121–129. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flewelling, R. L., and K. E. Bauman. 1990. “Family Structure as a Predictor of Initial Substance Use and Sexual Intercourse in Early Adolescence.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 52 (1): 171–181. doi:10.2307/352848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Y., L. Liping, J. Kim, N. Congdon, J. Lau, and S. Griffiths. 2010. “The Impact of Parental Migration on Health Status and Health Behaviors among Left behind Adolescent School Children in China.” BMC Public Health 10 (1): 56. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gil, A. G., E. F. Wagner, and W. A. Vega. 2000. “Acculturation, Familism and Alcohol Use among Latino Adolescent Males: Longitudinal Relations.” Journal of Community Psychology 28 (4): 443–458. doi:10.1002/1520-6629(200007)28:4<443::AID-JCOP6>3.0.CO;2-A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper, C. C., and S. S. McLanahan. 2004. “Father Absence and Youth Incarceration.” Journal of Research on Adolescence 14 (3): 369–397. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2004.00079.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, K. M. 1998. “Health Status and Risk Behavior of Adolescents in Immigrant Families.” In Children of Immigrants: Health, Adjustment, and Public Assistance, edited by D. Hernandez, 617–632. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschi, T. 1969. The Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, H., S. Lu, and C.-C. Huang.  2014. “The Psychological and Behavioral Outcomes of Migrant and Left-Behind Children in China.” Children and Youth Services Review 46: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaylen, M. T., and W. A. Pridemore. 2011. “A Reassessment of the Association between Social Disorganization and Youth Violence in Rural Areas.” Social Science Quarterly 92 (4): 978–1001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kick, E. L., and G. D. LaFree. 1985. “Development and the Social Context of Murder and Theft.” Comparative Social Research 8: 37–58.
   Google Scholar
• Kirby, J. B, and T. Kaneda. 2002. “Health Insurance and Family Structure: The case Of Adolescents in Skipped-generation Families.” Medical Care Research and Review 59 (2): 146–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan, P.-C. 2014. “Segmented Incorporation: The Second Generation of Rural Migrants in Shanghai.” China Quarterly 217: 243–265. doi:10.1017/S030574101300146X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q., G. Liu, and W. Zang. 2015. “The Health of Left-Behind Children in Rural China.” China Economic Review 36: 367–376. doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2015.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, Z., Z. Li, and Z. Ma. 2014. “Changing Patterns of the Floating Population in China, 2000–2010.” Population and Development Review 40 (4): 695–716. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2014.00007.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, Z., and Y. P. Chen. 2007. “The Educational Consequences of Migration for Children in China.” Social Science Research 36 (1): 28–47. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2005.09.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, P., F. Yu, and D. Zhang. 2008. “The Issue of Crime Committed by New Generation Migrant Workers.” China Youth Studies 20 (2): 29–34. in Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, J., and S. Liu. 2016. “Are Children of Rural Migrants More Delinquent than Their Peers? A Comparative Analysis of Delinquent Behaviors in the City of Guangzhou, China.” Crime, Law and Social Change 66 (5): 465–489. doi:10.1007/s10611-016-9638-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Y. 2012. “Education of Children Left behind in Rural China.” Journal of Marriage and Family 74 (2): 328–341. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00951.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menning, C. L. 2006. “Nonresident Fathers’ Involvement and Adolescents’ Smoking.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 47 (1): 32–46. doi:10.1177/002214650604700103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ming, H. H. 2014. The Education of Migrant Children and China’s Future: The Urban Left Behind. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mu, R., and A. de Brauw . 2015. “Migration and Young Child Nutrition: Evidence from Rural China.” Journal of Population Economics 28 (3): 631–657. doi:10.1007/s00148-015-0550-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagasawa, R., Z. Qian, and P. Wong. 2001. “Theory of Segmented Assimilation and the Adoption of Marijuana Use and Delinquent Behavior by Asian Pacific Youth.” Sociological Quarterly 42 (3): 351–372. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2001.tb02405.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NBS (National Bureau of Statistics). 2016. “Statistical Communiqué on Major Figures of the 2015 1% National Population Sample Survey.” Accessed Dec. 21, 2017. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201604/t20160420_1346151.html
   Google Scholar
• NBS (National Bureau of Statistics), UNICEF China, and UNFPA China. 2017. Population Status of Children in China in 2015: Facts and Figures. Accessed Dec. 21, 2017. http://www.unicef.cn/en/uploadfile/2017/1009/20171009112814506.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Perez, D. M., W. G. Jennings, and A. R. Gover. 2008. “Specifying General Strain Theory: An Ethnically Relevant Approach.” Deviant Behavior 29 (6): 544–578. doi:10.1080/01639620701839385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rankin, J. H. 1983. “The Family Context of Delinquency.” Social Problems 30 (4): 466–479. doi:10.2307/800115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, Q., and D. J. Treiman. 2016. “The Consequences of Parental Labor Migration in China for Children’s Emotional Wellbeing.” Social Science Research 58: 46–67. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.03.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosa, M. D. L. 2002. “Acculturation and Latino Adolescents’ Substance Use: A Research Agenda for the Future.” Substance Use and Misuse 37 (4): 429–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson, R. J., and W. Byron Groves. 1989. “Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social Disorganization Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (4): 774–802. doi:10.1086/229068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt-Rodermund, E., and R. K. Silbereisen. 2008. “The Prediction of Delinquency among Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Youth: Unwrapping the Package of Culture.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 49 (2–3): 87–109. doi:10.1177/0020715208088906.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, C. R., and H. D. McKay. 1942. Juvenile Delinquency in Urban Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shelley, L. I. 1981. Crime and Modernization: The Impact of Industrialization and Urbanization on Crime. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shuval, J. T. 1993. “Migration and Stress.” In Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects, edited by L. Goldberger and S. Breznitz, 641–657. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland, E. H., and D. R. Cressey. 1978. Criminology. 10th edition ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
   Google Scholar
• Titzmann, P. F., T. Raabe, and R. K. Silbereisen. 2008. “Risk and Protective Factors for Delinquency among Male Adolescent Immigrants at Different Stages of the Acculturation Process.” International Journal of Psychology 43 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1080/00207590701804305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong, Y., W. Luo, and M. Piotrowski. 2015. “The Association between Parental Migration and Childhood Illness in Rural China.” European Journal of Population 31 (5): 561–586. doi:10.1007/s10680-015-9355-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treiman, D. J. 2009. Quantitative Data Analysis: Doing Social Research to Test Ideas. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Vega, W. A., E. L. Khoury, R. S. Zimmerman, A. G. Gil, and G. J. Warheit. 1995. “Cultural Conflicts and Problem Behaviors of Latino Adolescents in Home and School Environments.” Journal of Community Psychology 23 (2): 167–179. doi:10.1002/1520-6629(199504)23:2<167::AID-JCOP2290230207>3.0.CO;2-O.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, F., X. Zuo, and D. Ruan. 2002. “Rural Migrants in Shanghai: Living under the Shadow of Socialism.” International Migration Review 36 (2): 520–545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, M., and D. Lin. 2012. “Child Development in Rural China: Children Left behind by Their Migrant Parents and Children of Nonmigrant Families.” Child Development 83 (1): 120–136. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01698.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, M., S. Shaobing, L. Xiaoming, and D. Lin. 2015. “Positive Youth Development in Rural China: The Role of Parental Migration.” Social Science & Medicine 132: 261–269. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, J. L., T. E. Moffitt, F. Earls, L. Robins, and P. A. Silva. 1990. “How Early Can We Tell? Predictors of Childhood Conduct Disorder and Adolescent Delinquency.” Criminology; an Interdisciplinary Journal 28 (4): 507–533. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1990.tb01337.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• William, C. S., and L. Phillips. 2002. “The Impact of Income and Family Structure on Delinquency.” Journal of Applied Economics 5 (2): 209–232.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, W. J. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner-City, the Underclass and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, D. F. K., Y. L. Chang, and X. S. He. 2009. “Correlates of Psychological Wellbeing of Children of Migrant Workers in Shanghai, China.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 44 (10): 815–824. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0003-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, S. K. 1999. “Acculturation, Peer Relations, and Delinquent Behavior of Chinese-Canadian Youth.” Adolescence 34 (133): 107–119.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu, W. 2002. “Migrant Housing in Urban China: Choice and Constraints.” Urban Affairs Review 38 (1): 90–119. doi:10.1177/107808702401097817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, X., and Z. Zhang. 2015. “Population Migration and Children’s School Enrollments in China, 1990–2005.” Social Science and Research 53: 177–190. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.05.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, H., and Y. Xie. 2015. “The Causal Effects of Rural-to-Urban Migration on Children’s Well-Being in China.” European Sociological Review 31 (4): 502–519. doi:10.1093/esr/jcv009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., J. R. Behrman, C. Simon Fan, X. Wei, and J. Zhang. 2014. “Does Parental Absence Reduce Cognitive Achievements? Evidence from Rural China.” Journal of Development Economics 111: 181–195. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.09.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, M., R. Murphy, and R. Tao. 2014. “Effects of Parents’ Migration on the Education of Children Left behind in Rural China.” Population and Development Review 40 (2): 273–292. doi:10.1111/padr.2014.40.issue-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar