University and Community Resources for Sexual Assault Survivors: Familiarity With and Use of Services Among College Students

References

• Ahrens, C. E. (2006). Being silenced: The impact of negative social reactions on the disclosure of rape. American Journal of Community Psychology, 38, 263–274. doi:10.1007/s10464-006-9069-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banyard, V. L., & Moynihan, M. M. (2011). Variation in bystander behavior related to sexual and intimate partner violence prevention: Correlates in a sample of college students. Psychology of Violence, 1, 287–301. doi:10.1037/a0023544
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banyard, V. L., Moynihan, M. M., & Crossman, M. T. (2009). Reducing sexual violence on campus: The role of student leaders as empowered bystanders. Journal of College Student Development, 50, 446–457. doi:10.1353/csd.0.0083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banyard, V. L., Moynihan, M. M., & Plante, E. G. (2007). Sexual violence prevention through bystander education: An experimental evaluation. Journal of Community Psychology, 35, 463–481. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6629
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R. E. (1980). Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Burgess-Proctor, A., Pickett, S. M., Parkhill, M. R., Hamill, T. S., Kirwan, M., & Kozak, A. T. (2016). College women’s perceptions of and inclination to use campus sexual assault resources: Comparing the views of students with and without sexual victimization histories. Criminal Justice Review, 41, 204–218. doi:10.1177/0734016816634786
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, R. (2012, December). The neurobiology of sexual assault: Implications for first responders in law enforcement, prosecution, and victim advocacy. Research for the Real World: NIJ Seminar Series. Retrieved from http://www.nij.gov/nij/events/research-real-world.htm
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, R., Ahrens, C. E., Sefl, T., Wasco, S. M., Barnes, H. E., & Zaragosa-Diesfeld, Y. (1999). Community services for rape survivors: Enhancing psychological well-being or increasing trauma? Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 67, 847–858. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.67.6.847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, R., & Raja, S. (1999). Secondary victimization of rape victims: Insights from mental health professionals who treat survivors of violence. Violence and Victims, 14, 261–275.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell, R., Ahrens, C.E., Sefl, T., Wasco, S.M., & Barnes, H.E. (2001). Social reactions to rape victims: Healing and hurtful effects on psychological and physical health outcomes. Violence and Victims, 16 (3) 287–302.
   Google Scholar
• Catalano, S. M. (2006). Criminal victimization, 2005 (NCJ No. 214644, U.S. Department of Justice). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, R. C., Brickman, R., & Baker, T. (1991). Supportive and unsupportive responses of others to rape victims: Effects on concurrent adjustment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 443–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Justice. (2015, December). Identifying and preventing gender bias in law enforcement response to sexual assault and domestic violence. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/opa/file/799366/download
   Google Scholar
• DeVellis, R. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Donovan, R., & Williams, M. (2002). Living at the intersection: The effects of racism and sexism on Black rape survivors. Women & Therapy, 25, 95–105. doi:10.1300/J015v25n03_07
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and reliability in social science research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38, 105–121.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, M. E., Lechner, K. E., Frerich, E. A., Lust, K. A., & Garcia, C. M. (2012). Characterizing sexual health resources on college campuses. Journal of Community Health, 37, 940–948. doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9536-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filipas, H. H., & Ullman, S. E. (2001). Social reactions to sexual assault victims from various support services. Violence and Victims, 16, 673–692.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, B. S., Cullen, F. T., & Turner, M. G. (2000). The sexual victimization of college women (NCJ No. 182360, U.S. Department of Justice). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, B. S., Daigle, L. E., Cullen, F. T., & Turner, M. G. (2003). Reporting sexual victimization to the police and others: Results from a national-level study of college women. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30, 6–38. doi:10.1177/0093854802239161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., & Riggs, D. S. (1993). Post traumatic stress disorder in rape victims. In J. M. Oldham, M. B. Riba, & A. Tasman (Eds.), American psychiatric press review of psychiatry 12:273–303. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foubert, J. D. (2000). The longitudinal effects of a rape-prevention program on fraternity men’s attitudes, behavioral intent, and behavior. Journal of American College Health, 48, 158–163. doi:10.1080/07448480009595691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, C. A. (2010). Physically forced, alcohol-induced, and verbally coerced sexual victimization: Assessing risk factors among university women. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38, 149–159. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, C. A. (2013). Anticipating intimacy or sexual victimization: Danger cue recognition and delayed behavioral responses to a sexually risky scenario. Feminist Criminology, 8, 87–116. doi:10.1177/1557085112455840
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, C. A. (2015). Sorority affiliation and sexual assault victimization: Assessing vulnerability using path analysis. Violence Against Women, 22, 895–922. doi:10.1177/1077801215614971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, C. A., & Menaker, T. A. (2015). The impact of observer characteristics on blame assessments of prostituted female youth. Feminist criminology, 10(2), 140–164.
   Google Scholar
• Franklin, C. A., Jin, H. R., Ashworth, L. M., & Viada, J. H. (2016). Sexual assault resource availability on Texas higher education campuses: A website content analysis. Women and Criminal Justice, 26, 354–380. doi:10.1080/08974454.2015.1128377
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, C. M., Lechner, K. E., Frerich, E. A., Lust, K. A., & Eisenburg, M. E. (2012). Preventing sexual violence instead of just responding to it: Students’ perceptions of sexual violence resources on campus. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 8, 61–71. doi:10.1111/j.1939-3938.2011.01130.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• George, W. H., & Martínez, L. J. (2002). Victim blaming in rape: Effects of victim and perpetrator race, type of rape, and participant racism. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 110–119. doi:10.1111/1471-6402.00049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gidycz, C. A., Hanson, K., & Layman, M. J. (1995). A prospective analysis of the relationships among sexual assault experiences. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 5–29. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00276.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gidycz, C. A., Rich, C. L., & Marioni, N. L. (2002). Interventions to prevent rape and sexual assault. In J. Petrak & B. Hedge (Eds.), The trauma of adult sexual assault: Treatment, prevention, and policy (pp. 235–260). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Glider, P., Midyett, S. J., Mills-Novoa, B., Johannessen, K., & Collins, C. (2001). Challenging the collegiate rite of passage: A campus-wide social marketing media campaign to reduce binge drinking. Journal of Drug Issues, 31, 207–220.
   Google Scholar
• Greeson, M. R., & Campbell, R. (2013). Sexual Assault Response Teams (SARTs) An empirical review of their effectiveness and challenges to successful implementation. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 14, 83–95. doi:10.1177/1524838012470035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greeson, M. R., Campbell, R., Bybee, D., & Kennedy, A. C. (2016). Improving the community response to sexual assault: An empirical examination of the effectiveness of sexual assault response teams (SARTs). Psychology of Violence, 6, 280–291. doi:10.1037/a0039617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes-Smith, R. M., & Hayes-Smith, J. M. (2009). A website content analysis of women’s resources and sexual assault literature on college campuses. Critical Criminology, 17, 109–123. doi:10.1007/s10612-009-9075-y
   Google Scholar
• Hayes-Smith, R. M., & Levett, L. M. (2010). Student perceptions of sexual assault resources and prevalence of rape myth attitudes. Feminist Criminology, 5, 335–354. doi:10.1177/1557085110387581
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, A. G. (2005). The gender knot: Unraveling our patriarchal legacy (revised and updated). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kahn, J. H., & Hessling, R. M. (2001). Measuring the tendency to conceal versus disclose psychological distress. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 41–65. doi:10.1521/jscp.20.1.41.22254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karjane, H. M., Fisher, B. S., & Cullen, F. T. (2002). Campus sexual assault: How America’s institutions of higher education respond (Final Report No. 196676). Newton, MA: Education Development Center.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, M., & Hunter, J. E. (1993). Attitude-behavior relations: A meta-analysis of attitudinal relevance and topic. Journal of Communication, 43, 101–142. doi:10.1111/jcom.1993.43.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Konradi, A. (1996). Preparing to testify: Rape survivors negotiating the criminal justice process. Gender & Society, 10, 404–432. doi:10.1177/089124396010004004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koss, M. P., Abbey, A., Campbell, R., Cook, S., Norris, J., Testa, M., … White, J. (2007). Revising the SES: A collaborative process to improve assessment of sexual aggression and victimization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31, 357–370. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00385.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koss, M. P., Gidcyz, C. A., & Wisniewski, N. (1987). The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 162–170. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.55.2.162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koss, M. P., Goodman, L. A., Browne, A., Fitzgerald, L. F., Keita, G. P., & Russo, N. F. (1994). No safe haven: Male violence against women at home, at work, and in the community. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Krebs, C. P., Lindquist, C. H., Warner, T. D., Fisher, B. S., & Martin, S. L. (2007). The campus sexual assault (CSA) study: Final report. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.
   Google Scholar
• Krivoshey, M. S., Adkins, R., Hayes, R., Nemeth, J. M., & Klein, E. G. (2013). Sexual assault reporting procedures at Ohio Colleges. Journal of American College Health, 61, 142–147. doi:10.1080/07448481.2013.769260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Foubert, J. D., Brasfield, H. M., Hill, B., & Shelley-Tremblay, S. (2011). The men’s program: Does it impact college men’s self-reported bystander efficacy and willingness to intervene? Violence Against Women, 20, 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Layman, M. J., Gidycz, C. A., & Lynn, S. J. (1996). Unacknowledged versus acknowledged rape victims: Situational factors and posttraumatic stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 124–131. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.105.1.124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner, M. J., & Milleer, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030–1051. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.85.5.1030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, F., & Lodrick, Z. (2013). Psychological consequences of sexual assault. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 27, 27–37. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meilman, P., & Haygood-Jackson, D. (1996). Data on sexual assault from the first 2 years of a comprehensive campus prevention programs. Journal of American College Health, 44, 157–165. doi:10.1080/07448481.1996.9937523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moynihan, M. M., Banyard, V. L., Cares, A. C., Potter, S. J., Williams, L. M., & Stapleton, J. G. (2015). Encouraging responses in sexual and relationship violence prevention: What program effects remain 1 year later? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30, 110–132. doi:10.1177/0886260514532719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasta, A., Shah, B., Brahmananda, S., Richman, K., Wittels, K., Allsworth, J., & Boardman, L. (2005). Sexual victimization: Incidence, knowledge and resource use among a population of college women. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 18, 91–96. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2005.01.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neville, H. A., Heppner, M. J., Oh, E., Spanierman, L. B., & Clark, M. (2004). General and culturally specific factors influencing Black and White rape survivors’ self-esteem. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28, 83–94. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00125.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orchowiski, L. M., & Gidycz, C. A. (2015). Psychological consequences associated with positive and negative responses to disclosure of sexual assault among college women: A prospective study. Violence Against Women, 21, 803–823. doi:10.1177/1077801215584068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orchowski, L. M., Meyer, D. H., & Gidycz, C. A. (2009). College women’s likelihood to report unwanted sexual experiences to campus agencies: Trends and correlates. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 18, 839–858. doi:10.1080/10926770903291779
   Google Scholar
• Palm Reed, K. M., Hines, D. A., Armstrong, J. L., & Cameron, A. Y. (2015). Experimental evaluation of a bystander prevention program for sexual assault and dating violence. Psychology of Violence, 5, 95–102. doi:10.1037/a0037557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, D., Greeson, M., & Campbell, R. (2009). Understanding rape survivors’ decisions not to seek help from formal social systems. Health & Social Work, 34, 127–136. doi:10.1093/hsw/34.2.127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter, R. H., Krider, J. E., & McMahon, P. M. (2000). Examining elements of campus sexual violence policies: Is deterrence or health promotion favored? Violence Against Women, 6, 1345–1362. doi:10.1177/10778010022183686
   Google Scholar
• Potter, S. J., Moynihan, M. M., Stapleton, J. G., & Banyard, V. L. (2009). Empowering bystanders to prevent campus violence against women: A preliminary evaluation of a poster campaign. Violence Against Women, 15, 106–121. doi:10.1177/1077801208327482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rennison, C. M. (1999). Criminal victimization 1998: Changes 1997–98 with trends 1993–1998 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Rozee, P. D., & Koss, M. P. (2001). Rape: A century of resistance. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25, 295–311. doi:10.1111/1471-6402.00030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims, B., Yost, B., & Abbott, C. (2005). Use and nonuse of victim services programs: Implications from a statewide survey of crime victims. Criminology & Public Policy, 4, 361–384. doi:10.1111/cpp.2005.4.issue-2
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, J. J., Fisher, B. S., & Cullen, F. T. (1997). Assessing the student right-to-know and Campus Security Act of 1990: An analysis of the victim reporting practices of college and university students. Crime and Delinquency, 43, 148–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand, R. (2013, October). Forensic experiential trauma interviews: A conversation with the brainstem. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Association of Chiefs of Police Conference and Law Enforcement Education and Technology Exposition, Philadelphia, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2006). Extent, nature, and consequences of rape: Findings from the National Violence Against Women survey (NIJ Report No. 210346). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs.
   Google Scholar
• Ullman, S. E. (1996). Social reactions, coping strategies, and self-blame attributions in adjustment to sexual assault. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 505–526. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00319.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman, S. E. (1999). Social support and recovery from sexual assault: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4, 343–358. doi:10.1016/S1359-1789(98)00006-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman, S. E., & Filipas, H. H. (2001). Predictors of PTSD symptom severity and social reactions in sexual assault victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 369–389. doi:10.1023/A:1011125220522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman, S. E., & Peter-Hagene, L. (2014). Social reactions to sexual assault disclosure, coping, perceived control, and PTSD symptoms in sexual assault victims. Journal of Community Psychology, 42, 495–508. doi:10.1002/jcop.2014.42.issue-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickio, C. J., Hoffman, B. A., & Yarris, E. (1999). Combating sexual offenses on the college Campus: Keys to success. Journal of American College Health, 47, 283–286. doi:10.1080/07448489909595660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vladutiu, C. J., Martin, S. L., & Macy, R. J. (2011). College- or university-based sexual assault prevention programs: A review of program outcomes, characteristics, and recommendations. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 12, 67–86. doi:10.1177/1524838010390708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, W. A., Banyard, V. L., Moynihan, M. M., Ward, S., & Cohn, E. S. (2010). Disclosure and service use on a college campus after an unwanted sexual experience. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 11, 134–151. doi:10.1080/15299730903502912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasco, S. M., Campbell, R., Howard, A., Mason, G. E., Staggs, S. L., Schewe, P. A., & Riger, S. (2004). A statewide evaluation of services provided to rape survivors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 252–263. doi:10.1177/0886260503260246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinzow, H. M., & Thompson, M. (2011). Barriers to reporting sexual victimization: Prevalence and correlates among undergraduate women. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20, 711–725. doi:10.1080/10926771.2011.613447
   Google Scholar