68
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Suggestions for Evaluation Criteria of Neck Injury Protection in Rear-End Car Impacts

&
Pages 216-223 | Published online: 15 Sep 2010

  • Aldman , B. A Protective Seat for Children-Experiments with a Safety Seat for Children between One and Six . Proc. 8th Stapp Car Crash Conf . pp. 320 – 328 .
  • Aldman , B. An Analytical Approach to the Impact Biomechanics of the Head and Neck Injury . Proc. 30th Annual AAAM . pp. 439 – 454 .
  • Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM} . 1990 . The Abbreviated Injury Scale, 1990 Rev. , Des Plaines, IL : AAAM .
  • Boström , O. , Fredriksson , R. , Häland , Y. , Jakobsson , L. , Krafft , M. , Lövsund , P , Muser , M. H. and Svensson , M. Y. 2000 . Comparison of Car Seats in Low Speed Rear-End Impacts Using the BioRID Dummy and the New Neck Injury Criterion (NIC} . Acrid. Anal. Prev. , 32 : 321 – 328 .
  • Boström , O. , Fredriksson , R. , Häland , Y , Svensson , M. Y and Meilander , H. A Sled Test Procedure Proposal to Evaluate the Risk of Neck Injury in Rear Impacts Using a New Neck Injury Criterion (NIC} . Proc. 16th ESV Conf . pp. 1579 – 1585 .
  • Boström , O. , Krafft , M. , Aldman , B. , Eichberger , A. , Fredriksson , R. , Häland , Y , Lövsund , P. , Steffan , H. , Svensson , M. and Tingvall , C. Prediction of Neck Injuries in Rear Impacts Based on Accident Data and Simulations . Proc. 1997 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 251 – 264 .
  • Boström , O. , Svensson , M. Y , Aldman , B. , Hansson , H. A. , Hâland , Y , Lövsund , P. , Seeman , T. , Suneson , A. , Säljö , A. and Örtengren , T. A New Neck Injury Criterion Candidate-Based on Injury Findings in the Cervical Ganglia after Experimental Neck Extension Trauma . Proc. 1996 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 123 – 136 .
  • Carlsson , G. , Nilsson , S. , Nilsson-Ehle , A. , Norin , H. , Ysander , L. and Örtengren , R. Neck Injuries in Rear End Car Collisions; Biomechanical Considerations to Improve Head Restraints . Proc. 1985 IRCOBI/AAAM Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 277 – 289 .
  • Davidsson , J. , Deutscher , C. , Hell , W. , Linder , A. , Lövsund , P. and Svensson , M. Y . Human Volunteer Kinematics in Rear-End Sled Collisions . Proc. 1998 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 289 – 301 .
  • Davidsson , J. , Flogärd , A. , Lövsund , P. and Svensson , M. Y . BioRID P3Design and Performance Compared to Hybrid III and Volunteers in Rear Impacts at delta V =7 km/h . Proc. 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conf . pp. 253 – 265 .
  • Davidsson , J. , Linder , A. , Svensson , M. Y. , Flogärd , A. , Häland , Y , Jakobsson , L. , Lövsund , P. and Wiklund , K. BioRID-A New Biofidelic Rear Impact Dummy . Proc. 1998 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 377 – 390 .
  • Deng , B. , Luan , F. , Begeman , P. C. , Yang , K. H. , King , A. I. and Tashman , S. 2000 . “ Testing Shear Hypothesis of Whiplash Injury Using Experimental and Analytical Approaches ” . In Frontiers in Whiplash Trauma , Edited by: Yoganandan , N. and Pintar , F. A. 491 – 509 . Amsterdam : IOS Press .
  • Deutscher , C. Movement of Car Occupants in Rear-End Accidents . Intl. Canf. Active and Passive Automobile Safety . pp. 147 – 154 .
  • Eichberger , A. , Darok , M. , Steffan , H. , Leinzinger , P. E. , Svensson , M. Y. and Bostrom , O. 2000 . Pressure Measurements in the Spinal Canal of PostMortem Human Subjects During Rear-Impact and Their Correlation to the Neck Injury Criterion (NIC} . Accid. Anal. Prev. , 32 : 251 – 260 .
  • Eichberger , A. , Steffan , H. , Geigl , B. , Svensson , M. Y. , Bostrom , O. , Leinzinger , P. and Darok , M. Evaluation of the Applicability of the Neck Injury Criterion (NIC} in Rear End Impacts on the Basis of Human Subject Tests . Proc. 1998 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 377 – 390 .
  • Jakobsson , L. 1998 . “ Whiplash Injury and Vehicle Design ” . In Whiplash Injuries: Current Concepts in Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Cervical Whiplash Syndrome , Edited by: Gunzberg , R. and Szpalski , M. 299 – 306 . Philadelphia : Lippincott-Raven .
  • Jakobsson , L. , Lundell , B. and Norin , H. 2000 . WHIPS-Volvo's Whiplash Protection Study . Accid. Anal. Prev. , 32 : 307 – 319 .
  • Jakobsson , L. , Norin , H. , Jemström , C. , Svensson , S.-E. , Johnsén , P. , IsakssonHellman , I. and Svensson , M. Y. Analysis of Different Head and Neck Responses in Rear-End Car Collisions Using a New Humanlike Mathematical Model . Proc. 1994 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 109 – 125 .
  • Koch von , M. , Kullgren , A. , Lie , A. , Nygren , Å. and Tingvall , C. Soft Tissue Injury of the Cervical Spine in Rear-End and Frontal Car Collisions . Proc. 1995 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 273 – 283 .
  • Koch von , M. , Nygren , A. and Tingvall , C. Impairment Pattern in Passenger Car Crashes, a Follow-up of Injuries Resulting in Long Term Consequences . Proc. 14th ESV Conf. pp. 776 – 781 .
  • Krafft , M. A Comparison of Short- and Long-Term Consequences of AIS 1 Neck Injuries, in Rear Impacts . Proc. 1998 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 235 – 248 .
  • Krafft , M. , Thomas , A. , Nygren , A. , Lie , A. and Tingvall , C. Whiplash Associated Disorder-Factors Influencing the Incidence in Rear-End Collisions . Proc. 15th ESV Conf. pp. 1426 – 1432 .
  • Langwieder , K. , Hell , W and Walz , F. Occurrence of Reported Cervical Spine Injuries in Car Accidents and Improved Safety Standards for RearEnd Impacts . Proc. of the World Congress on Whiplash-Associated Disorders (WAD '99}, Traffic Safety and Auto Engineering Stream . pp. 451 – 469 .
  • Linder , A. , Svensson , M. Y , Davidsson , J. , Flogârd , A. , Hâland , Y , Jakobsson , L. , Lövsund , P. and Wiklund , K. The New Neck Design for the Rear-End Impact Dummy, BioRID I . Proc. 42nd Annual AAAM . pp. 179 – 192 .
  • Lövsund , P. , Nygren , A. , Salen , B. and Tingvall , C. Neck Injuries in Rear End Collisions among Front and Rear Seat Occupants . Proc. 1988 IRCOBI Conf. on the Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 319 – 326 .
  • Lövsund , P. and Svensson , M. Y . Suitability of the Available Mechanical Neck Models in Low Velocity Rear End Impacts . Intl. Conference Active and Passive Automobile Safety . pp. 155 – 162 .
  • Lundell , B. , Jakobsson , L. , Alfredsson , B. , Jernström , C. and Isaksson-Hellman , I. 1998 . Guidelines for and the Design of a Car Seat Concept for Improved Protection against Neck Injuries in Rear End Car Impacts , SAE paper no. 980301
  • Lundell , B. , Jakobsson , L. , Alfredsson , B. , Lindström , M. and Simonsson , L. The WHIPS Seat-A Car Seat for Improved Protection against Neck Injuries in Rear End Impacts . Proc. 16th ESV Conf. pp. 1586 – 1596 .
  • Morris , A. P. and Thomas , P. A Study of Soft Tissue Neck Injuries in the UK . Proc. 15th ESV Conf. pp. 1412 – 1425 .
  • Nygren , A. 1984 . Injuries to Car Occupants-Some Aspects of the Interior Safety of Cars . Acta Oto-Laryngologica , : 110 – 112 .
  • Olsson , I. , Bunketorp , O. , Carlsson , G. , Gustafsson , C. , Planath , I. , Norin , H. and Ysander , L. An In-Depth Study of Neck Injuries in Rear End Collisions . Proc. 1990 IRCOBI Conf. on the Biomechanics of Impact . pp. 269 – 280 .
  • Ono , K. , Kaneoka , K. , Wittek , A. and Kajzer , J. Cervical Injury Mechanism Based on the Analysis of Human Cervical Vertebral Motion and Head-NeckTorso Kinematics during Low Speed Rear Impacts . Proc. 41st Stapp Car Crash Conf. pp. 339 – 356 .
  • Otte , D. , Pohlemann , T. and Blauth , M. Significance of Soft Tissue Neck Injuries AIS 1 in the Accident Scene and Deformation Characteristics of Cats with Delta-V up to 10 km/h . Proc. 1997 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 265 – 283 .
  • Spitzer , W. I. , Skovron , M. L. , Salmi , L. R. , Cassidy , J. D. , Duranceau , J. , Suissa , S. and Zeiss , E. 1995 . Scientific Monograph of the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash Associated Disorders: Redefining "Whiplash" and Its Management . Spine , 20 (8S} )
  • States , J. D. , Balcerak , J. C. , Williams , J. S. , Morris , A. T. , Babock , W. , Polvino , R. , Riger , P. and Dawley , R. E. Injury Frequency and Head Restraint Effectiveness in Rear End Impact Accidents . Proc. 16th Stapp Car Crash Conf. pp. 228 – 245 .
  • Svensson , M. Y. , Aldman , B. , Hansson , H. A. , Lövsund , P. , Seeman , T. , Sunesson , A. and Ortengren , T. Pressure Effects in the Spinal Canal during Whiplash Extension Motion: A Possible Cause of Injury to the CervicalSpinal Ganglia . Proc. 1993 IRCOBI Conf. on the Blomechanics of Impact . pp. 189 – 200 .
  • Temming , J. and Zobel , R. Frequency and Risk of Cervical Spine Distortion Injuries in Passenger Car Accidents: Significance of Human Factors Data . Proc. 1998 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 219 – 233 .
  • Wheeler , J. B. , Smith , T. A. , Siegmund , G. P. , Brault , J. R. and King , D. J. Validation of the Neck Injury Criterion (NIC} Using Kinematic and Clinical Results from Human Subjects in Rear-End Collisions . Proc. 1998 IRCOBI Conf. on Biomechanics of Impacts . pp. 335 – 344 .
  • White , A. and Panjabi , M. 1990 . Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine, , 2nd ed. , Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott .
  • Yoganandan , N. and Pintar , F. A. 2000 . Mechanics of Headache and Neck Pain in Whiplash, Frontiers in Whiplash Trauma , Edited by: Yoganandan , N. and Pintar , F. A. 173 – 185 . Amsterdam : IOS Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.