321
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Motorcycle Helmets and Spinal Cord Injury: Helmet Usage and Type

Pages 60-66 | Received 22 Mar 2004, Accepted 21 May 2004, Published online: 18 Aug 2006

REFERENCES

  • Bordeaux, S, and O'Connor, P J, 1996. Road injury in Australia, 1992. Adelaide: AIHW National Injury Surveillance Unit; 1996.
  • Chiu, W, Kuo, C, Hung, C, and Chen, M, 2000. The effect of the Taiwan motorcycle helmet use law on head injuries, Am J Public Health Vol. 90 (No. 5) (2000), pp. 793–796, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CSA].
  • Department, o f, and , Transport, 1988. Observational study—daytime use of headlamps by motorcyclists. Adelaide: Road Safety Division; 1988.
  • Dolinis, J, O'Connor, P J, and Trembath, R F, 1995. Injury experience of Australia's unprotected road users. Australian Injury Prevention Bulletin 9, AIHW Cat. No. INJ009. Adelaide: AIHW National Injury Surveillance Unit, Flinders University Research Centre for Injury Studies; 1995.
  • Dowdell, B, Long, G J, Ward, J, and Griffiths, M, 1988. A study of helmet damage and rider head/neck injuries for crash involved motorcyclists. Sydney: Road and Traffic Authority; 1988.
  • Gopalakrishna, G, Peek-Asa, C, and Kraus, J F, 1998. Epidemiological features of facial injuries among motorcyclists, Ann Emerg Med Vol. 32 (No. 4) (1998), pp. 425–430, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CSA].
  • Hosmer, D W, and Lemeshow, S, 1989. Applied logistic regression. New York: Wiley; 1989.
  • Hurt, H H, Ouellet, J V, and Wagar, I J, 1981a. "Effectiveness of motorcycle safety helmets and protective clothing". In: Proceedings of the American Association for Automotive Medicine. Des Plaines, IL. 1981a. pp. 223–235.
  • Hurt, H H, Ouellet, J V, and Thom, D R, 1981b. Motorcycle accident cause factors and identification of countermeasures. Vol. Vol 1, Technical report. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California Traffic Safety Center; 1981b, Prepared for the US Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Administration (DOT HS 805-862).
  • Huston, R L, and Sears, J, 1981. Effect of protective helmet mass on head/neck dynamics, J Biomech Eng Vol. 103 (No. 1) (1981), pp. 18–23, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Johansen, P, 1987. Survey of motorcycles in Sydney, 1986. Sydney: Traffic Authority of New South Wales; 1987.
  • Johansen, P, and Young, J, 1985. Motorcycle observational surveys, 1975 to 1984. Sydney: Traffic Authority of New South Wales; 1985.
  • Johnson, R M, McCarthy, M C, Miller, S F, and Peoples, J B, 1995. Craniofacial trauma in injured motorcyclists: The impact of helmet usage, J Trauma Vol. 38 (No. 6) (1995), pp. 876–878, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Kelly, P, Sanson, T, Strange, G, and Orsay, E M, 1991. A prospective study of the impact of helmet usage on motorcycle trauma, Ann Emerg Med Vol. 20 (No. 8) (1991), pp. 852–856, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Krantz, K PG, 1985. Head and neck injuries to motorcycle and moped riders—with special regard to the effect of protective helmets, Injury Vol. 16 (No. 4) (1985), pp. 253–258, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Kraus, J F, Riggins, R S, and Franti, C E, 1975. Some epidemiologic features of motorcycle collision injuries. II. Factors associated with severity of injuries, Am J Epidemiol Vol. 102 (No. 1) (1975), pp. 99–109, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Kraus, J F, Peek, C, McArthur, D L, and Williams, A, 1994. The effect of the 1992 California motorcycle helmet use law on motorcycle crash fatalities and injuries, JAMA Vol. 272 (No. 19) (1994), pp. 1506–1511, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CROSSREF].
  • Luna, G K, Copass, M K, Oreskovitch, M R, and Carrico, C J, 1981. The role of helmets in reducing head injuries from motorcycle accidents: A political or medical issue?, West J Med Vol. 135 (No. 2) (1981), pp. 89–92, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Maynard, F M, Bracken, M B, Creasey, G, Ditunno, J F, Donovan, W H, Ducker, T B, Garber, S L, Marino, R J, Stover, S L, Tator, C H, Waters, R L, Wilberger, J E, and Young, W, 1997. International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. American Spinal Injury Association, Spinal Cord Vol. 35 (1997), pp. 266–274, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CROSSREF][CSA].
  • McSwain, N E, and Belles, A, 1990. Motorcycle helmets—medical costs and the law, J Trauma Vol. 30 (No. 10) (1990), pp. 1189–1199, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • McSwain, N E, Willey, A, and Janke, T H, 1985. "The impact of re-enactment of the motorcycle helmet law in Louisiana". In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. IL: Des Plaines; 1985. pp. 425–446.
  • McSwain, N E, and Petrucelli, E, 1984. Medical consequences of motorcycle helmet non-usage, J Trauma Vol. 24 (No. 3) (1984), pp. 233–236, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Murdock, M A, and Waxman, K, 1991. Helmet use improves outcomes after motorcycle accidents, West J Med Vol. 155 (No. 4) (1991), pp. 370–372, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CSA].
  • O'Connor, P J, Kloeden, C, and McLean, A J, 2002. Do full-face helmets offer greater protection against cervical spinal cord injury than open-face helmets?, Traffic Inj Prev Vol. 3 (No. 3) (2002), pp. 247–250, [CROSSREF][CSA].
  • O'Connor, P J, 1993. Road injury in Australia, 1990. Adelaide: AIHW National Injury Surveillance Unit; 1993.
  • O'Connor, P J, and Trembath, R F, 1995. Road injury in Australia, 1991. Adelaide: AIHW National Injury Surveillance Unit; 1995.
  • Orsay, E M, Muelleman, R L, Peterson, T D, Jurisic, D H, Kosasih, J B, and Levy, P, 1994. Motorcycle helmets and spinal injuries: Dispelling the myth, Ann Emerg Med Vol. 23 (No. 4) (1994), pp. 802–806, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CSA].
  • Peek-Asa, C, McArthur, D L, and Kraus, J F, 1999. The prevalence of non-standard helmet use and head injuries among motorcycle riders, Acc Anal Prev Vol. 31 (No. 3) (1999), pp. 229–233, [CROSSREF][CSA].
  • Rothman, K J, and Greenland, S, 1998. Modern epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott–Raven; 1998.
  • Rowland, J, Rivara, F, Salzberg, P, Soderberg, R, Maier, R, and Koepsell, T, 1996. Motorcycle helmet use and injury outcome and hospitalization costs from crashes in Washington State, Am J Public Health Vol. 86 (No. 1) (1996), pp. 41–45, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CSA].
  • Sarkar, S, Peek, C, and Kraus, J F, 1995. Fatal injuries in motorcycle riders according to helmet use, J Trauma Vol. 38 (No. 2) (1995), pp. 242–245, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Shankar, B S, Dischinger, P C, Ramzy, A L, Soderstrom, C A, and Clark, C C, 1990. Helmet use, patterns of injury and medical outcome among motorcycle drivers in Maryland. Presented at Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine.
  • Simpson, D A, Blumbergs, P C, Cooter, R D, Kilminster, M, McLean, A J, and Scott, G, 1989. Pontomedullary tears and other gross brainstem injuries after vehicular accidents, J Trauma Vol. 29 (No. 1) (1989), pp. 1519–1525, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Sosin, D M, and Sacks, J J, 1992. Motorcycle helmet-use laws and head injury prevention, JAMA Vol. 267 (No. 12) (1992), pp. 1649–1651, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CROSSREF].
  • Tsai, Y, Wang, J, and Huang, W, 1995. Case-control study of the effectiveness of different types of helmets for the prevention of head injuries among motorcycle riders in Taipei, Taiwan, Am J Epidemiol Vol. 142 (No. 9) (1995), pp. 974–981, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE][CSA].
  • Yeo, J D, 1979a. Five-year review of spinal cord injuries in motorcyclists, Med J Aust Vol. 2 (No. 7) (1979a), p. 381, [PUBMED][INFOTRIEVE].
  • Yeo, J D, 1979b. Spinal cord injuries in motor cyclists, J Traff Med Vol. 7 (No. 3) (1979b), pp. 37–39.
  • Yeo, J D, and Griffiths, M, 1982. Spinal cord injuries in motorcyclists. Presented at Proceedings of Seminar, Reducing bike (motor and pedal) crashes & injuries. 9th, November, 1982.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.