Driving While Impaired (DWI) by Alcohol Convictions Among Alcohol, Cocaine, and Cannabis Clients in Treatment

REFERENCES

• Adlaf , E M , Mann , R E and Paglia , A . 2003 . Kids, drugs and cars: Alcohol, cannabis and driving among Ontario students . Canadian Medical Association Journal , Vol. 168 : pp. 565 – 566 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews , P . 1998 . Cocaethylene toxicity . Epikrisis , March/April
   Google Scholar
• Budd , R D , Muto , J J and Wong , J K . 1989 . Drugs of abuse found in fatally injured drivers in Los Angeles county . Drug Alcohol Dependence , Vol. 23 : pp. 153 – 158 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipman , M L , Macdonald , S and Mann , R E . 2003 . Being ‘at fault’ in traffic crashes: Does alcohol, cannabis, cocaine or polydrug abuse make a difference? . Injury Prevention , Vol. 9 : pp. 343 – 348 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cimbura , G , Lucas , D M , Bennet , R C and Donelson , A C . 1990 . Incidence and toxicological aspects of cannabis and ethanol detected in 1394 fatally injured drivers and pedestrians in Ontario (1982–1984) . Journal of Forensic Science , Vol. 35 : pp. 1035 – 1041 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson , D A . 1999 . Alternative definitions of high risk for impaired driving: The overlap of high volume, frequent heavy drinking and alcohol dependence . Drug Alcohol Dependence , May 3; Vol. 54 : No. 3, pp. 219 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Rió , M C and Alvarez , F J . 2000 . Presence of illegal drugs in drivers involved in fatal road traffic accidents in Spain . Drug Alcohol Dependence , Vol. 57 : pp. 177 – 182 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Rió , M C , Gómez , J , Sancho , M and Alvarez , F J . 2002 . Alcohol, illicit drugs and medicinal drugs in fatally injured drivers in Spain between 1991 and 2000 . Forensic Science International , Vol. 127 : pp. 63 – 70 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjerde , H , Beylich , K M and Morland , J . 1993 . Incidence of alcohol and drugs in fatally injured car drivers in Norway . Accident Analysis and Prevention , Vol. 25 : pp. 479 – 483 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalant , H . 2004 . Adverse effects of cannabis on health: An update of the literature since 1996 . Progress in Neuro-Pharmacology and Biological Psychiatry , Vol. 28 : pp. 849 – 863 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longo , M C , Hunter , C E , Lokan , R J , White , J M and White , M A . 2000 . The prevalence of alcohol, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants amongst injured drivers and their role in driver culpability. Part I: The prevalence of drug use in drivers and characteristics of drug positive group . Accident Analysis and Prevention , Vol. 32 : pp. 613 – 622 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowenstein , S R and Koziol-McLain , J . 2001 . Drugs and traffic crash responsibility: A study of injured motorists in Colorada . Journal of Trauma , Vol. 50 : pp. 313 – 320 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald , S and Mann , R E . 1996 . Distinguishing causes and correlates of drinking and driving . Contemporary Drug Problems , Vol. 23 : pp. 259 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald , S . 2003 . The influence of the age and sex distributions of drivers on the reduction of impaired crashes: Ontario 1974–1999 . Traffic Injury Prevention , Vol. 4 ( No. 1 ) : pp. 33 – 37 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald , S , Mann , R , Chipman , M and Anglin-Bodrug , K . 2004a . Collisions and traffic violations of alcohol, cannabis and cocaine clients before and after treatment . Accident Analysis and Prevention , Vol. 6 : pp. 795 – 800 . [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Macdonald , S , Rylett , M , Chipman , M , Mann , R , Anglin , Bodrug K , Erickson , P , Hathaway , A and MacIntyre , P . 2004b . The effects of cocaine and cannabis on driving . Proc: 7th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion . June 6–9 2004b , Vienna.
   Google Scholar
• McCance , E , Price , L , Kosten , T and Jatlow , P . 1995 . Cocaethylene: Pharmacology, physiology and behavioural effects in humans . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Vol. 274 : pp. 215 – 223 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennings , E JM , Leccese , A P and Wolff , F A . 2002 . Effects of concurrent use of alcohol and cocaine . Addiction , Vol. 97 : pp. 773 – 783 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terhune , K W . 1982 . “ The role of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs in the accidents of injured drivers ” . In Volume 1-Findings , Springfield, VA : National Technical Information Service . Technical Report
   Google Scholar
• Terhune , K W , Ippolito , C A , Hendricks , D L , Michalovic , J G , Bogema , S C , Santinga , P , Blomberg , R and Preusser , D F . 1992 . “ Final Report ” . In The incidence and role of drugs in fatally injured drivers , Springfield, VA : National Technical Information Service . Technical Report
   Google Scholar
• Walsh , G and Mann , R E . 1999 . On the high-road: Driving under the influence of Cannabis in Ontario . Canadian Journal of Public Health , Vol. 90 : pp. 260 – 263 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A F , Peat , M A and Crouch , D J . 1985 . Drugs in fatally injured young male drivers . Public Health Reports , Vol. 100 : pp. 19 – 25 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiseman , E J and McMillan , D E . 1996 . Combined use of cocaine with alcohol or cigarettes . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , Vol. 22 : pp. 577 – 587 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , A and Terry , P . 2002 . Modulation of the effects of alcohol on driving-related psychomotor skills by chronic exposure to cannabis . Psychopharmacology , Vol. 160 ( No. 2 ) : pp. 213 – 219 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar