Parent Driver Characteristics Associated with Sub-Optimal Restraint of Child Passengers

REFERENCES

• Abramson , J H . 1982 . Indicators of Social Class: A Comparative Appraisal of Measures for Use in Epidemiological Studies . Soc. Sci. Med. , Vol. 16 : 1739 – 1746 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Agran , P F , Anderson , C L and Winn , D G . 1998 . Factors Associated with Restraint Use of Children in Fatal Crashes . Pediatrics , Vol. 102 ( No. 3 ) : E39 [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pediatrics . 2002 . Selecting and Using the Most Appropriate Car Safety Seats for Growing Children: Guidelines for Counseling Parents . Pediatrics , Vol. 109 ( No. 3 ) : 550 – 553 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Apsler , R . 2003 . Increases in Booster Seat Use Among Children of Low-Income Families and Variation with Age . Inj. Prev. , Vol. 9 ( No. 4 ) : 322 – 325 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Baker , S P . 1998 . Motor Vehicle Occupant Deaths Among Hispanic and Black Children and Teenagers . Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , Vol. 152 ( No. 12 ) : 1209 – 1212 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Census Bureau . 2005 . 2000 Census, 2000 Census, April 12. Available at http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html
   Google Scholar
• Durbin , D R . 2001 . Partners for Child Passenger Safety: A Unique Child-Specific Crash Surveillance System . Accid. Anal. Prev. , Vol. 33 ( No. 3 ) : 407 – 412 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Durbin , D R , Elliott , M R and Winston , F K . 2003 . Belt-Positioning Booster Seats and Reduction in Risk of Injury Among Children in Vehicle Crashes . JAMA , Vol. 289 ( No. 21 ) : 2835 – 2840 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Ebel , B E . 2003 . Too Small for a Seatbelt: Predictors of Booster Seat Use by Child Passengers . Pediatrics , Vol. 111 ( No. 4 ) : e323 – e327 . Pt 1[INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Eby , D W and Kostyniuk , L P . 1999 . A Statewide Analysis of Child Safety Seat Use and Misuse in Michigan . Accid. Anal. Prev. , Vol. 31 ( No. 5 ) : 555 – 566 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• 2004 . Federal Register , Vol. 69 ( No. 30 ) February 13 : 7336 – 7338 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Hanfling , M J . 2000 . A Multifaceted Approach to Improving Motor Vehicle Restraint Compliance . Inj. Prev. , Vol. 6 ( No. 2 ) : 125 – 129 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Hletko , P J . 1983 . Demographic Predictors of Infant Car Seat Use . Am. J. Dis. Child , Vol. 137 ( No. 11 ) : 1061 – 1063 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Hosmer , D W and Lemeshow , S . 1989 . Applied Logistic Regression , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Istre , G R . 2002 . Increasing the Use of Child Restraints in Motor Vehicles in a Hispanic Neighborhood . Am. J. Public Health , Vol. 92 ( No. 7 ) : 1096 – 1099 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Korn , E L and Graubard , B I . 1995 . Examples of Differing Weighted and Unweighted Estimates from a Sample Survey . The American Statistician , Vol. 49 : 291 – 295 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Kostaridou , S . 1997 . Car Transportation Conditions of Preschool Children: Use of Children's Car Safety Seats . Acta. Paediatr. , Vol. 86 ( No. 2 ) : 192 – 195 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Lee , J W , Fitzgerald , K and Ebel , B E . 2003 . Lessons for Increasing Awareness and Use of Booster Seats in a Latino Community . Inj. Prev. , Vol. 9 ( No. 3 ) : 268 – 269 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Margolis , L H , Wagenaar , A C and Molnar , L J . 1992 . Use and Misuse of Automobile Child Restraint Devices . Am. J. Dis. Child. , Vol. 146 ( No. 3 ) : 361 – 366 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Mayrose , J and Jehle , D V . 2002 . An Analysis of Race and Demographic Factors among Motor Vehicle Fatalities . J. Trauma. , Vol. 52 ( No. 4 ) : 752 – 755 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Miller , T R , Spicer , R S and Lestina , D C . 1998 . Who is Driving When Unrestrained Children and Teenagers are Hurt? . Accid. Anal. Prev. , Vol. 30 ( No. 6 ) : 839 – 849 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Statistics and Analysis . 2001 . Traffic Safety Facts Washington, DC 2002
   Google Scholar
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 2004 . Proper Child Safety Seat Use Chart; Proper Child Safety Seat Use Chart January 23. Available at http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/childps/
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Injury Prevention and Control . 2005 . Child Passenger Safety: Fact Sheet, Child Passenger Safety: Fact Sheet April 12. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/childpas.htm
   Google Scholar
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 2005 . “ Child Restraint Use in 2004-Overall Results, Child Restraint Use in 2004-Overall Results ” . April, 7th, Available at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/AvailInf.html
   Google Scholar
• Niemcryk , S J . 1997 . Motor Vehicle Crashes, Restraint Use, and Severity of Injury in Children in Nevada . Am. J. Prev. Med. , Vol. 13 ( No. 2 ) : 109 – 114 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Ross , C E and Wu , C . 1995 . The Links Between Education and Health . Am. Sociol. Rev. , Vol. 60 : 719 – 745 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Russell , J , Kresnow , M J and Brackbill , R . 1994 . The Effect of Adult Belt Laws and Other Factors on Restraint Use for Children Under Age 11 . Accid. Anal. Prev. , Vol. 26 ( No. 3 ) : 287 – 295 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , E M . 2002 . Barriers to Booster Seat Use and Strategies to Increase Their Use . Pediatrics , Vol. 110 : 729 – 736 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiles , M C and Grieshop , J I . 1999 . Impacts of Culture on Driver Knowledge and Safety Device Usage Among Hispanic Farm Workers . Accid. Anal. Prev. , Vol. 31 ( No. 3 ) : 235 – 241 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• SUDAAN . 2001 . Software for the Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data , Research Triangle Park, NC : Research Triangle Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Vaca , F . 2002 . Child Safety Seat Knowledge Among Parents Utilizing Emergency Services in a Level I Trauma Center in Southern California . Pediatrics , Vol. 110 ( No. 5 ) : e61 [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Verreault , R . 1982 . Use of Automobile Seat Restraints by Children in Two Canadian Cities . Can. Med. Assoc. J. , Vol. 126 ( No. 10 ) : 1163 – 1168 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Voas , R B , Fisher , D A and Tippetts , A S . 2002 . Children in Fatal Crashes: Driver Blood Alcohol Concentration and Demographics of Child Passengers and Their Drivers . Addiction , Vol. 97 ( No. 11 ) : 1439 – 1448 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Wagenaar , A C , Molnar , L J and Margolis , L H . 1988 . Characteristics of Child Safety Seat Users . Accid. Anal. Prev. , Vol. 20 ( No. 4 ) : 311 – 322 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Webb , G R , Sanson-Fisher , R W and Bowman , J A . 1998 . Psychosocial Factors Related to Parental Restraint of Pre-School Children in Motor Vehicles . Accid. Anal. Prev. , Vol. 20 ( No. 2 ) : 87 – 94 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Winston , F K . 2000 . The Danger of Premature Graduation to Seat Belts for Young Children . Pediatrics , Vol. 105 ( No. 6 ) : 1179 – 1183 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Winston , F K . 2004 . Recent Trends in Child Restraint Practices in the United States . Pediatrics , Vol. 113 ( No. 5 ) : e458 – e464 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Zempsky , W T . 1996 . Child Restraint Device Use in Patients Leaving a Children's Hospital . Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. , Vol. 150 ( No. 12 ) : 1284 – 1287 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar