A Geographic Analysis of Collisions Involving Child Pedestrians in a Large Southern California County

REFERENCES

• Abdel-Aty , M , Chundi , S and Lee , C . 2007 . Geo-spatial and log-linear analysis of pedestrian and bicyclist crashes involving school-aged children . J Safety Res. , 38 : 571 – 579 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agran , P , Winn , D Anderson , C . 1998 . Family, social, and cultural factors in pedestrian injuries among Hispanic children . Inj Prev. , 4 : 188 – 193 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson , C , Agran , P Winn , D . 1998 . Demographic risk factors for injury among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children: an ecologic analysis . Inj Prev. , 4 : 33 – 38 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barton , B and Schwebel , D . 2007 . The roles of age, gender, inhibitory control, and parental supervision in children's pedestrian safety . J Pediatr Psychol , 32 : 517 – 526 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braddock , M , Lapidus , G Cromley , E . 1994 . Using a geographic information system to understand child pedestrian injury . Am J Public Health. , 84 : 1158 – 1161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos-Outcalt , D , Bay , C Dellapena , A . 2002 . Pedestrian fatalities by race/ethnicity in Arizona, 1990–1996 . Am J Prev Med. , 23 : 129 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakravarthy , B , Anderson , C Ludlow , J . 2010 . The relationship of pedestrian injuries to socioeconomic characteristics in a large Southern California county . Traffic Inj Prev. , 11 : 508 – 513 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences , 2nd ed . Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates;
   Google Scholar
• Dissanayake , D , Aryaija , J and Wedagama , D . 2009 . Modelling the effects of land use and temporal factors on child pedestrian casualties . Accid Anal Prev. , 41 : 1016 – 1024 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , D and Stephens , D . 2008 . Decomposing the impact of deprivation on child pedestrian casualties in England . Accid Anal Prev. , 40 : 1351 – 1364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenland , S. 1992 . Divergent biases in ecologic and individual-level studies . Stat Med. , 11 : 1209 – 1223 . Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilbe , JM. 2011 . Negative Binomial Regression , 2nd ed , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Laflamme , L and Diderichsen , F . 2000 . Social differences in traffic injury risks in childhood and youth—a literature review and a research agenda . Inj Prev. , 6 : 293 – 298 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LaScala , E , Gruenewald , P and Johnson , F . 2004 . An ecological study of the locations of schools and child pedestrian injury collisions . Accid Anal Prev. , 36 : 569 – 576 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lightstone , A , Dhillon , P Peek-Asa , C . 2001 . A geographic analysis of motor vehicle collisions with child pedestrians in Long Beach, California: comparing in`tersection and midblock incident locations . Inj Prev. , 7 : 155 – 160 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgenstern , H. 1995 . Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods . Annu Rev Public Health. , 16 : 61 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivara , F and Barber , M . 1990 . Child pedestrian injuries in the United States: current status of the problem, potential interventions, and future research needs . Am J Dis Child. , 144 : 692 – 696 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivara , F and Barber , M . 1985 . Demographic analysis of childhood pedestrian injuries . Pediatrics. , 76 : 375 – 381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , I and Crombie , I . 1995 . Child pedestrian deaths: sensitivity to traffic volume—evidence from the USA . J Epidemiol Community Health. , 49 : 186 – 188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , S. 1994 . The fallacy of the ecological fallacy: the potential misuse of a concept and the consequences . Am J Public Health. , 84 : 819 – 824 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toroyan , T and Peden , M . 2007 . Youth and Road Safety , Geneva , , Switzerland : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau . 2003 . Census 2000, Summary File 4 Available at: http://factfinder.census.gov. Accessed October 12, 2011
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Agriculture . 2009 . Eligibility Manual for School Meals: Federal Policy for Determining and Verifying Eligibility Available at: http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/guidance/eligibility_guidance.pdf. Accessed September 5, 2011
   Google Scholar
• Warsh , J , Rothman , L Slater , M . 2009 . Are school zones effective? An examination of motor vehicle versus child pedestrain crashes near schools . Inj Prev. , 15 : 226 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 2009 . Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for Action , Geneva , , Switzerland : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar