Factors Affecting Accident Severity Inside and Outside Urban Areas in Greece

REFERENCES

• Aarts , L and Van Schagen , I . 2006 . Driving speed and the risk of road crashes: a review . Accid Anal Prev. , 38 : 215 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Aty , M . 2003 . Analysis of driver injury severity levels at multiple locations using ordered probit models . J Safety Res. , 34 : 597 – 603 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Ghamdi , A S . 2002 . Using logistic regression to estimate the influence of accident factors on accident severity . Accid Anal Prev. , 34 : 729 – 741 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boufous , S , Finch , C , Hayen , A and Williamson , A . 2008 . The impact of environmental, vehicle and driver characteristics on injury severity in older drivers hospitalized as a result of a traffic crash . J Safety Res. , 39 : 65 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2010 . CARE: EU road database or national publications [online database]. Road accidents statistics in Europe . Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/index_en.htm. Accessed June 18, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Chang , L-Y and Mannering , F L . 1999 . Analysis of injury severity and vehicle occupancy in truck- and non-truck-involved accidents . Accid Anal Prev. , 31 : 579 – 592 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , L-Y and Wang , H W . 2006 . Analysis of traffic injury severity: an application of non-parametric classification tree techniques . Accid Anal Prev. , 38 : 1019 – 1027 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung , I and McCartt , A T . 2011 . Declines in fatal crashes of older drivers: changes in crash risk and survivability . Accid Anal Prev. , 43 : 666 – 674 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chimba , D and Sando , T . 2009 . Neuromorphic prediction of highway injury severity . Adv Trans Stud. , 19 : 17 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Christoforou , Z , Karlaftis , M and Cohen , S . 2010 . Vehicle occupant injury severity on highways: an empirical investigation . Accid Anal Prev. , 42 : 1606 – 1620 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupont , E , Martensen , H , Papadimitriou , E and Yannis , G . 2010 . Risk and protection factors in fatal accidents . Accid Anal Prev. , 42 : 645 – 653 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ERSO – The European Road Safety Observatory (2010) . Traffic Safety Basic Facts “Urban Areas” , Available at http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/pdf/statistics/dacota/bfs2010_dacota_intras_urbanareas.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hellenic Statistical Authority. EL. STAT . 2010 . Available at: http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE. Accessed June 17, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Hosmer , D W and Lemeshow , S . 1989 . Applied Logistic Regression , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Islam , S and Mannering , F L . 2006 . Driver aging and its effect on male and female single-vehicle accident injuries: some additional evidence . J Safety Res. , 37 : 267 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khorashadi , A , Niemeier , D , Shankar , V and Mannering , F L . 2005 . Differences in rural and urban driver-injury severities in accidents involving large-trucks: an exploratory analysis . Accid Anal Prev. , 37 : 910 – 921 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , H S , Kim , J H and Son , B . 2006 . Factors associated with automobile accidents and survival . Accid Anal Prev. , 38 : 981 – 987 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kockelman , K M and Kweon , Y J . 2002 . Driver injury severity: an application of ordered probit models . Accid Anal Prev. , 34 : 313 – 321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , C and Abdel-Aty , M . 2005 . Comprehensive analysis of vehicle–pedestrian crashes at intersections in Florida . Accid Anal Prev. , 37 : 775 – 786 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J and Mannering , F L . 2002 . Impact of roadside features on the frequency and severity of run-off-roadway accidents: an empirical analysis . Accid Anal Prev. , 34 : 149 – 161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malyshkina , N V and Mannering , F L . 2009 . Markov switching multinomial logit model: an application to accident-injury severities . Accid Anal Prev. , 41 : 829 – 838 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton , J and Mannering , F . 1998 . The Relationship Among Highway Geometric, Traffic-Related Elements and Motor-Vehicle Accident Frequencies . Transportation , 25 : 395 – 413 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton , J C , Shankar , V N and Mannering , F L . 2008 . Highway accident severities and the mixed logit model: an exploratory empirical analysis . Accid Anal Prev. , 40 : 260 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell , C J and Connor , D H . 1996 . Predicting the severity of motor vehicle accident injuries using models of ordered multiple choice . Accid Anal Prev. , 28 : 739 – 753 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development . 2006 . Young Drivers: The Roads to Safety , Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development .
   Google Scholar
• Pai , C-W. 2009 . Motorcyclist injury severity in angle crashes at T-junctions: identifying significant factors and analyzing what made motorcyclists fail to yield to motorcycles . Saf Sci. , 47 : 1096 – 1106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai , C-W and Saleh , W . 2008 . Modelling motorcyclist injury severity by various crash types at T-junctions in the UK . Saf Sci. , 46 : 1234 – 1247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petridou , E , Yannis , G Terzidis , A . 2009 . Linking emergency medical department and road traffic police casualty data: a tool in assessing the burden of injuries in less resourced countries . Traffic Inj Prev. , 10 : 37 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quddus , M A , Noland , R B and Chor , C H . 2002 . An analysis of motorcycle injury and vehicle damage using ordered probit models . J Safety Res. , 33 : 445 – 462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , R and Vanlaar , W . 2008 . Elderly drivers: future challenges? . Accid Anal Prev. , 40 : 1982 – 1986 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savolainen , P and Mannering , F . 2007 . Probabilistic models of motorcyclists’ injury severities in single- and multi-vehicles crashes . Accid Anal Prev. , 39 : 955 – 963 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar , V , Mannering , F L and Barfield , W . 1996 . Statistical analysis of accident severity on rural freeways . Accid Anal Prev. , 28 : 391 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjogren , H , Bjornstig , U , Eriksson , A and Ostrom , M . 1996 . Differences between older and younger drivers; characteristics of fatal car crashes and driver injuries . Saf Sci. , 23 : 63 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2010 . Strategic Plan for the Road Safety of Motorcycles and Mopeds , Madrid : General Traffic Directorate .
   Google Scholar
• Sze , N N and Wong , S C . 2007 . Diagnostic analysis of the logistic model for pedestrian injury severity in traffic crashes . Accid Anal Prev. , 39 : 1267 – 1278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , P and Bradford , M . 1995 . The nature and source of the head injuries sustained by restrained front-seat-car occupants in frontal collisions . Accid Anal Prev. , 27 : 561 – 570 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulfarsson , G and Mannering , F L . 2004 . Differences in male and female injury severities in sport-utility vehicle, minivan, pickup and passenger car accidents . Accid Anal Prev. , 36 : 135 – 147 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valent , F , Schiava , F , Savonnito , C , Gallo , T , Brusaferro , S and Barbone , F . 2002 . Risk factors for fatal road accidents in Udine, Italy . Accid Anal Prev. , 34 : 71 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viano , D C . 1988 . Limits and challenges of crash protection . Accid Anal Prev. , 20 : 421 – 429 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viano , D C , Culver , C C , Evans , L , Frick , M and Scott , R . 1990 . Involvement of older drivers in multivehicle side-impact crashes . Accid Anal Prev. , 22 : 177 – 188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voas , R B , Tippetts , S and Fell , J C . 2003 . Assessing the effectiveness of minimum legal drinking age and zero tolerance laws in the United States . Accid Anal Prev. , 35 : 579 – 587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto , T and Shankar , V N . 2004 . Bivariate ordered response probit models of driver's and passenger's injury severities in collisions with fixed objects . Accid Anal Prev. , 36 : 869 – 876 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yannis , G , Golias , J and Papadimitriou , E . 2005 . Driver age and vehicle engine size effects on fault and severity in young motorcyclists’ accidents . Accid Anal Prev. , 37 : 327 – 333 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yannis , G , Laiou , A , Vardaki , S , Dragomanovits , A , Papadimitriou , E and Kanellaidis , G . Seat belt and helmet use in Greece . In: Proceedings of the 4th Pan-Hellenic Road Safety Conference. Athens, Greece: Hellenic Institute of Transportation Engineers, National Technical University of Athens ,
   Google Scholar
• Yannis , G , Papadimitriou , E , Dupont , E and Martensen , H . 2010 . Estimation of fatality and injury risk by means of in-depth fatal accident investigation data . Traffic Inj Prev. , 11 : 492 – 502 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yau , K KW . 2004 . Risk factors affecting the severity of single vehicle traffic accidents in Hong Kong . Accid Anal Prev. , 36 : 333 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajac , S and Ivan , J N . 2002 . Factors influencing injury severity of motor vehicle-crossing pedestrian crashes in rural Connecticut . Accid Anal Prev. , 35 : 369 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar