Sudden Death at the Wheel Due to a Disease Attack

References

• American National Standards Institute . 2007 . Manual on Classification of Motor Vehicle Traffic Accidents. 7th ed , Illinois, USA : American National Safety Council . National Standard D16.1–2007
   Google Scholar
• Andersson , G and Nilsson , G . 1997 . Speed Management in Sweden—Speed, Speed Limits and Safety , Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Andreasson , R . 1980 . Illness as the cause in traffic accidents . J Traffic Med. , 8 : 49 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Asbjörg , S C and Morland , J . 2008 . Frequent detection of benzodiazepines in drugged drivers in Norway . Traffic Inj Prev. , 9 : 98 – 104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeland , A R . 1987 . Sudden death “at the wheel”—revisited . Med Sci Law. , 27 : 106 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhard , J . 2008 . Older drivers’ high per-mile crash involvement: the implications for licensing authorities . Traffic Inj Prev. , 9 : 284 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elvik , R . 2005 . Speed and road safety: synthesis of evidence from evaluation studies . Transp Res Rec. , 1908 : 56 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EuroStat . 2010 . Glossary for Transport Statistics. 4th ed , United Nation's Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), EuroStat and ITF .
   Google Scholar
• Finnish Motor Insurers’ Center . 2004 . VALT—Method 2003 , Finnish Motor Insurers’ Centre . Helsinki, Finland: VALT
   Google Scholar
• Finnish Motor Insurers’ Center . 2009 . VALT—Vuosiraportti 2008 [VALT annual report 2008], Helsinki, Finland: VALT
   Google Scholar
• Finnish Motor Insurers’ Center . 2010 . VALT—Vuosiraportti 2009 [VALT annual report 2009], Helsinki, Finland: VALT
   Google Scholar
• Gonzales , M M , Dickinson , L M , DiGuiseppi , C and Lowenstein , S R . 2005 . Student drivers: a study of FMVC involving 16-years-old-drivers . Ann Emerg Med. , 45 : 140 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halinen , M O and Jaussi , A . 1994 . Fatal road accidents caused by sudden death of the driver in Finland and Vaud, Switzerland . Eur Heart J. , 15 : 888 – 894 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatamabadi , H R , Vafaee , R , Haddadi , M , Abdalvand , A and Soori , H . 2011 . The necessity of an integrated road traffic injury surveillance system: a community-based study . Traffic Inj Prev. , 12 : 358 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson , K , Bryding , G , Dahl , M L , Holmgren , P and Viitanen , M . 1997 . Traffic dangerous drugs are often found in fatally injured older male drivers . J Am Geriatr Soc. , 45 : 1029 – 1031 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karjalainen , K , Blencowe , T and Lillsunde , P . 2012 . Substance use and social, health and safety-related factors among fatally injured drivers . Accid Anal Prev. , 45 : 731 – 736 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg , C , Hakamies-Blomqvist , L , Almkvist , O and Johansson , O . 1998 . Impairments of some cognitive functions are common in crash-involved older drivers . Accid Anal Prev. , 30 : 371 – 377 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , S C . 2008 . The role of reduced fitness to drive due to medical impairments in explaining crashes involving older drivers . Traffic Inj Prev. , 9 : 291 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , S C and Man-Son-Hing , M . 2011 . Multiple chronic medical conditions and associated driving risk: a systematic review . Traffic Inj Prev. , 12 : 142 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGwin , G Jr , Sims , R V , Pulley , L and Roseman , J M . 2000 . Relations among chronic medical conditions, medications, and automobile crashes in the elderly: a population-based case-control study . Am J Epidemiol. , 152 : 424 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay , M . 2005 . Quirks of mass accident data bases . Traffic Inj Prev. , 6 : 603 – 610 .
   Google Scholar
• Molnar , L J and Eby , D W . 2008 . The relationship between self-regulation and driving-related abilities in older drivers: an exploratory study . Traffic Inj Prev. , 9 : 314 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 1999 . Using Linked Data to Evaluate Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Elderly Drivers in Connecticut , Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . Report DOT HS 808 971
   Google Scholar
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . Conference on Research and Development Needed to Improve Safety and Mobility of Older Drivers , Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine. August 23–24, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Official Statistics of Finland . 2011 . Population Structure , Helsinki : Statistics Finland . Available at: http://www.stat.fi/til/vaerak/tup_en.html. Accessed February 9, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Oxley , J and Whelan , M . 2008 . It cannot be all about safety: the benefits of prolonged mobility . Traffic Inj Prev. , 9 : 367 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainio , J , Sulander , P , Hantula , L , Nuutinen , J and Karkola , K . 2007 . Diseases and motor vehicle fatalities in Finland in 2001 and 2002 . Traffic Inj Prev. , 8 : 321 – 328 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salo , I and Keskinen , E . 2003 . Riskikuljettajien riskit (Risky drivers and driver risks) . Reports and Memoranda of the Ministry for Transport and Communications B , 28 : 1 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Swedish Road Administration . 2006 . Seniorolyckor med Dödlig Utgång. Analys av Vägverkets Djupstudiematerial 2002–2004 , Stockholm, Sweden: Johan Strandroth/Vägverket . [Fatal senior accidents: Analysis of the investigation material by The Swedish Road Administration Vägverket]
   Google Scholar
• Tervo , T MT , Neira , W and Holopainen , J M . 2009 . Medical condition and sudden death. Reply to the letter to the editor . Traffic Inj Prev. , 10 : 99 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tervo , T MT , Neira , W , Kivioja , A , Sulander , P , Parkkari , K and Holopainen , J M . 2008 . Observation failures and acute illness as cause of fatal road accidents in Finland . Traffic Inj Prev. , 9 : 211 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller , J A . 1969 . Medical impairment and highway crashes . JAMA. , 208 : 2293 – 2296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , C , Willis , C , Hendrikz , J K , Le Brocque , R and Bellamy , N . 2010 . Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths . Cochrane Database Syst Rev. , 10:CD004607
   Google Scholar