New Jersey's License Plate Decal Requirement for Graduated Driver Licenses: Attitudes of Parents and Teenagers, Observed Decal Use, and Citations for Teenage Driving Violations

References

• Abdur-Rahman , S. Fearing child predators, local lawmakers want “Kyleigh's Law” scrubbed ASAP . The Trentonian , May 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.trentonian.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100529/NEWS/305299981. Accessed: January 22, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• American Association for Public Opinion Research . 2011 . Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys. 7th ed , Lenexa , Kan : American Association for Public Opinion Research .
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhary , N K , Williams , A F and Nissen , W . 2007 . Evaluation and Compliance of Passenger Restrictions in a Graduated Licensing Program , Washington , DC : National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . Report No. DOT HS-810-781
   Google Scholar
• Chen , L-H , Baker , S P and Li , G . 2006 . Graduated driver licensing programs and fatal crashes of 16-year-old drivers: a national evaluation . Pediatrics. , 118 : 56 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dee , T S , Grabowski , D C and Morrisey , M A . 2005 . Graduated driver licensing and teen traffic fatalities . J Health Econ , 24 : 571 – 589 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Marco , J . 2011 . NJ attorney general: Kyleigh's Law isn't here to stay—yet . Available at: http://CliffviewPilot.com. Accessed: January 22, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Faulks , I. 2011 . Displays Indicated Novice Driver Status , Wahroonga , New South Wales : Safety and Policy Analysis International . Report No. SPAI 2010–19
   Google Scholar
• Foss , R , Goodwin , A , Rodgman , E and Feaganes , J . 2002 . Development and Evaluation of the North Carolina Graduated Driver Licensing System , Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center .
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , A H and Foss , R D . 2004 . Graduated driver licensing restrictions: awareness, compliance, and enforcement in North Carolina . J Safety Res. , 35 : 367 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin , A H , Wells , J K , Foss , R D and Williams , A F . 2006 . Encouraging compliance with graduated driver licensing restrictions . J Safety Res , 37 : 343 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Governor's Task Force on Teen Safe Driving . 2008 . Report of the Governor's Task Force on Teen Safe Driving , Hartford , CT : Governor's Task Force on Teen Safe Driving .
   Google Scholar
• Grossman , A . Red decal has NJ teens seeing red . The Wall Street Journal , June 4, 2010. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703340904575284730319688608.html. Accessed: January 22, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Haworth , N , Bowland , L and Foddy , B . 1994 . Young Driver Research Program: Graduated Licensing Survey—Technical Report and Data , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory : Federal Office of Road Safety . Report No. CR139
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , T . 2010 . Teen drivers in New Jersey balk at “scarlet letter” decals . Available at: http://www.parentdish.com/2010/06/09/teen-drivers-in-new-jersey-balk-at-scarlet-letter-decals/. Accessed: January 22, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety . 2010 . Q&A: Teenagers—General , Arlington , VA : Insurance Institute for Highway Safety . Available at: http://www.iihs.org/research/qanda/teens.html. Accessed December 5, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety . 2011a . Arlington , VA : Insurance Institute for Highway Safety . [Unpublished analysis of 2008 data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and 2008 data from the National Household Travel Survey]
   Google Scholar
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety . 2011b . Arlington , VA : Insurance Institute for Highway Safety . [Unpublished analysis of survey data from Williams AF. “Teenagers’ licensing decisions and their views of licensing policies: a national survey.” Traffic Inj Prev. 2011;12:312–319.]
   Google Scholar
• Livio , S K . 2010 . NJ Senate approves 6-month review of Kyleigh's Law decal requirement . Available at: http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/08/nj_senate_approves_6-month_rev.html. Accessed: January 22, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Masten , S V , Foss , R D and Marshall , S W . 2011 . Graduated driver licensing and fatal crashes involving 16- to 19-year-old drivers . JAMA. , 306 : 1098 – 1103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayhew , D R , Simpson , H M , Ferguson , S A and Williams , A F . 1998 . Graduated driver licensing in Nova Scotia: a survey of teenagers and parents . J Traffic Med. , 27 : 71 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• McCartt , A T , Teoh , E R , Fields , M , Braitman , K A and Hellinga , L A . 2010 . Graduated licensing laws and fatal crashes of teenage drivers: a national study . Traffic Inj Prev. , 11 : 240 – 248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moneo , A. and Young , B. C. “ drivers avoiding mandatory N decal for safety reasons. The Globe and Mail. Dec. 26, 201 ” . Available at: www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/young-bc-drivers-avoiding-mandatory-n-decal-for-safety-reasons/article1321248/. Accessed: January 22, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Morrisey , M A , Grabowski , D C , Dee , T S and Campbell , C . 2006 . The strength of graduated drivers license programs and fatalities among teen drivers and passengers . Accid Anal Prev. , 38 : 135 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice . 2011 . Kyleigh's Law—Interim Report , Trenton , NJ : New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice .
   Google Scholar
• New Jersey Teen Driver Study Commission . 2008 . Teen Driver Study Commission Recommendation Report , Trenton , NJ : New Jersey Teen Driver Study Commission .
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute, Inc . 2009 . Cary, NC : SAS Institute, Inc . SAS/STAT 9.2 User's Guide. 2nd ed.
   Google Scholar
• Scott-Parker , B. 2012 . A Comprehensive Investigation of the Risky Behavior of Young Novice Drivers , Brisbane : Queensland University of Technology . Unpublished dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Shope , J T . 2007 . Graduated driver licensing: review of evaluation results since 2002 . J Safety Res. , 38 : 165 – 175 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenbergen , L C , Kidd , P S , Pollack , S , McCoy , C , Pigman , J G and Agent , K R . 2001 . Kentucky's graduated driver licensing program for young drivers: barriers to effective local implementation . Inj Prev. , 7 : 286 – 291 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steer Davies Gleave and The Urban Transport . 2002 . Melbourne On-Road Exposure Survey 2001 , Kew, Victoria : VicRoads . MORES-01
   Google Scholar
• St Martin , V . 2010 . Red decals for young drivers raise a sticky issue; many say they’ll become targets for police stops . The Star Ledger. , : 13 May 5
   Google Scholar
• Trempel , RE. 2009 . Graduated Driver Licensing Laws and Insurance Collision Claim Frequencies of Teenage Drivers , Arlington , VA : Highway Loss Data Institute .
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau . 2009 . Census Data—State and County Quick Facts , Washington, DC : US Department of Commerce . Available at: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34000.html. Accessed: December 5, 2010
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau . 2010 . Census Data—State and County Quick Facts , Washington, DC : US Department of Commerce . Available at: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34000.html. Accessed: December 5, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Williams , A F . 2007 . Contribution of the components of graduated licensing to crash reductions . J Safety Res. , 38 : 177 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A F , Braitman , K A and McCartt , A T . 2011 . Views of parents of teenagers about licensing policies: a national survey . Traffic Inj Prev. , 12 : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A F , Chaudhary , N K , Tefft , B C and Tison , J . 2010 . Evaluation of New Jersey's graduated driver licensing program . Traffic Inj Prev , 11 : 1 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , A F , Nelson , L A and Leaf , W A . 2002 . Responses of teenagers and their parents to California's graduated licensing system . Accid Anal Prev. , 34 : 835 – 842 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar