Police Documentation of Alcohol Involvement in Hospitalized Injured Drivers

References

• Barillo , D J . 1993 . Arrest and conviction of injured intoxicated drivers in eastern Pennsylvania . Accid Anal Prev. , 25 : 635 – 639 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beasley , E and Beirness , D . 2011 . Drug Use by Fatally Injured Drivers in Canada (2000–2008) , Ottawa , ON : Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse .
   Google Scholar
• Beirness , D J , Simpson , H M , Mayhew , D R and Wilson , R J . 1994 . Trends in drinking driver fatalities in Canada . Can J Public Health. , : 19 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biffl , W L , Schiffman , J D Harrington , D T . 2004 . Legal prosecution of alcohol-impaired drivers admitted to a level I trauma center in Rhode Island . J Trauma. , 56 : 24 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomberg , R D , Peck , R C , Moskowitz , H , Burns , M and Fiorentino , D . 2009 . The Long Beach/Fort Lauderdale Relative Risk Study . J Safety Res. , 40 : 285 – 292 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brick , J and Carpenter , J A . 2001 . The identification of alcohol intoxication by police . Alcohol Clin Exp Res. , 25 : 850 – 855 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British Columbia Motor Vehicle Act. Queen's Printer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada . Available at: http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/96318_00. Acces- sed April 6, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Motor Vehicle Traffic Collision Statistics 2009, Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators . Available at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/roadsafety/tp3322-2009_eng.pdf. Accessed April 6, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Criminal Code of Canada . Available at: http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-46. Accessed April 6, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Cydulka , R K , Harmody , M R , Barnoski , A , Fallon , W and Emerman , C L . 1998 . Injured intoxicated drivers: citation, conviction, referral, and recidivism rates . Ann Emerg Med. , 32 : 349 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson , P , Koziol-McLain , J , Harrison , L , Timken , D and Lowenstein , S R . 1997 . Intoxicated ED patients: a 5-year follow-up of morbidity and mortality . Ann Emerg Med. , 30 : 593 – 597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desapriya , E BR and Iwase , N . 1996 . Are lower legal blood alcohol limits and a combination of sanctions desirable in reducing drunken driver–involved traffic fatalities and traffic accidents? . Accid Anal Prev. , 28 : 721 – 731 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desapriya , E , Shimizu , S , Pike , I , Subzwari , S and Scime , G . 2007 . Impact of lowering the legal blood alcohol concentration limit to 0.03 on male, female and teenage drivers involved alcohol-related crashes in Japan . Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. , 14 : 181 – 187 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dill , P L , Wells-Parker , E , Dill , P L and Wells-Parker , E . 2006 . Court-mandated treatment for convicted drinking drivers . Alcohol Res Health. , 29 : 41 – 48 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fabbri , A , Marchesini , G Dente , M . 2005 . A positive blood alcohol concentration is the main predictor of recurrent motor vehicle crash . Ann Emerg Med. , 46 : 161 – 167 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantus , R J , Zautcke , J L , Hickey , P A , Fantus , P P and Nagorka , F W . 1991 . Driving under the influence: a level-1 trauma center's experience . J Trauma. , 31 : 1517 – 1520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fell , J C and Voas , R B . 2006 . The effectiveness of reducing illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits for driving: evidence for lowering the limit to .05 BAC . J Safety Res. , 37 : 233 – 243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goecke , M E , Kirkpatrick , A W Laupland , K B . 2007 . Characteristics and conviction rates of injured alcohol-impaired drivers admitted to a tertiary care Canadian Trauma Centre . Clin Invest Med. , 30 : 26 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman , D C , Mueller , B A , Kenaston , T , Salzberg , P , Cooper , W and Jurkovich , G J . 1996 . The validity of police assessment of driver intoxication in motor vehicle crashes leading to hospitalization . Accid Anal Prev. , 28 : 435 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , E LR and Fillmore , M T . 2011 . Alcohol and distraction interact to impair driving performance . Drug Alcohol Depend. , 117 : 31 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosmer , D W and Lemeshow , S . 1980 . A goodness of fit test for the multiple logistic regression model . Commun Stat. , A10 : 1043 – 1069 .
   Google Scholar
• Krause , K R , Howells , G A , Bair , H A , Bendick , P J and Glover , J L . 1998 . Prosecution and conviction of the injured intoxicated driver . J Trauma. , 45 : 1069 – 1073 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutner , M , Nachtsheim , C and Neter , J . 2004 . Applied Linear Regression Models. 4th ed. , New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin .
   Google Scholar
• Lillis , R P , Good , R and States , J D . Post treatment driving records of injured impaired drivers . Paper presented at: 39th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; Chicago, IL. October 16–18 ,
   Google Scholar
• Mann , R E , Anglin , L , Wilkins , K , Vingilis , E R , MacDonald , S and Sheu , W J . 1994 . Rehabilitation for convicted drinking drivers (second offenders): effects on mortality . J Stud Alcohol. , 55 : 372 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann , R E , Macdonald , S , Stoduto , L G , Bondy , S , Jonah , B and Shaikh , A . 2001 . The effects of introducing or lowering legal per se blood alcohol limits for driving: an international review . Accid Anal Prev. , 33 : 569 – 583 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayhew , D , Brown , S and Simpson , H . 2009 . Alcohol-Crash Problem in Canada: 2006 , Ottawa , ON : Traffic Injury Research Foundation of Canada .
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , J G , Smith , R J , Mattice , C R and Scholten , D J . 1993 . Hospitalization and injury influence on the prosecution of drunk drivers . Am Surg. , 59 : 484 – 488 . discussion 488–489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , M A , Weafer , J and Fillmore , M T . 2009 . Gender differences in alcohol impairment of simulated driving performance and driving-related skills . Alcohol Alcohol. , 44 : 586 – 593 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz , H , Burns , M and Ferguson , S . 1999 . Police officers’ detection of breath odors from alcohol ingestion . Accid Anal Prev. , 31 : 175 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagin , D S and Pogarsky , G . 2001 . Integrating celerity, impulsivity, and extralegal sanction threats into a model of general deterrence: theory and evidence . Criminology. , 39 : 865 – 892 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orsay , E M , Doan-Wiggins , L , Lewis , R , Lucke , R and RamaKrishnan , V . 1994 . The impaired driver: hospital and police detection of alcohol and other drugs of abuse in motor vehicle crashes . Ann Emerg Med. , 24 : 51 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrom , M , Huelke , D F , Waller , P F , Eriksson , A and Blow , F . 1992 . Some biases in the alcohol investigative process in traffic fatalities . Accid Anal Prev. , 24 : 539 – 545 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peck , R C , Gebers , M A , Voas , R B and Romano , E . 2008 . The relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC), age, and crash risk . J Safety Res. , 39 : 311 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petridou , E and Moustaki , M . 2000 . Human factors in the causation of road traffic crashes . Eur J Epidemiol. , 16 : 819 – 826 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purssell , R A , Brown , D Brubacher , J R . 2010 . Proportion of injured drivers presenting to a tertiary care emergency department who engage in future impaired driving activities . Traffic Inj Prev. , 11 : 34 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purssell , R A , Yarema , M Wilson , J . 2004 . Proportion of injured alcohol impaired drivers convicted of a criminal code offence in British Columbia . Can J Emerg Med. , 6 : 80 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Runge , J W , Pulliam , C L , Carter , J M and Thomason , M H . 1996 . Enforcement of drunken driving laws in cases involving injured intoxicated drivers . Ann Emerg Med. , 27 : 66 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schermer , C R , Moyers , T B Miller , W R . 2006 . Trauma center brief interventions for alcohol disorders decrease subsequent driving under the influence arrests . J Trauma. , 60 : 29 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlundt , D , Warren , R and Miller , S . 2004 . Reducing unintentional injuries on the nation's highways: a literature review . J Health Care Poor Underserved. , 15 : 76 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shults , R A , Elder , R W , Sleet , D A the Task Force on Community Preventive Services . 2001 . Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving . Am J Prev Med. , 21 : 66 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjogren , H , Bjornstig , U and Eriksson , A . 1997 . Comparison between blood analysis and police assessment of drug and alcohol use by injured drivers . Scand J Soc Med. , 25 : 217 – 223 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soderstrom , C A , Birschbach , J M and Dischinger , P C . 1990 . Injured drivers and alcohol use: culpability, convictions, and pre- and post-crash driving history . J Trauma. , 30 : 1208 – 1213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stafford , M C and Warr , M . 1993 . A reconceptualization of general and specific deterrence . J Res Crime Delinq. , 30 : 123 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoduto , G , Vingilis , E , Kapur , B M , Sheu , W-J , McLellan , B A and Liban , C B . 1993 . Alcohol and drug use among motor vehicle collision victims admitted to a regional trauma unit: demographic, injury, and crash characteristics . Accid Anal Prev. , 25 : 411 – 420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuster , J . 2006 . Validation of the standardized field sobriety test battery at 0.08% blood alcohol concentration . Hum Factors. , 48 : 608 – 614 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2008 . “ Transport Canada Road Safety Directorate ” . In Alcohol-Related Crashes in Canada: Driver Characteristics and Casualty Trends . Ottawa, Ontario: Transport Canada;
   Google Scholar
• van Wijngaarden , M , Cushing , B , Kerns , T and Dischinger , P . 1995 . Police perception of intoxication among injured pedestrians . J Emerg Med. , 13 : 21 – 26 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vingilis , E , Larkin , E , Stoduto , G , Parkinson-Heyes , A and McLellan , B . 1996 . Psychosocial sequelae of motor vehicle collisions: a follow-up study . Accid Anal Prev. , 28 : 637 – 645 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vodden , K , Smith , D , Eaton , F and Mayhew , D . 2007 . Analysis and Estimation of the Social Cost of Motor Vehicle Collisions in Ontario Available at: http://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/roadsafety/tp14800e.pdf. Accessed April 6, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Wagenaar , A C , Maldonado-Molina , M M , Ma , L , Tobler , A L and Komro , K A . 2007 . Effects of legal BAC limits on fatal crash involvement: analyses of 28 states from 1976 through 2002 . J Safety Res. , 38 : 493 – 499 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller , J A . 1971 . Factors associated with police evaluation of drinking in fatal highway crashes . J Safety Res. , 3 : 35 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weafer , J and Fillmore , M T. 2012 . Acute tolerance to alcohol impairment of behavioral and cognitive mechanisms related to driving: drinking and driving on the descending limb . Psychopharmacology. , 220 : 697 – 706 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells-Parker , E , Williams , M , Wells-Parker , E and Williams , M . 2002 . Enhancing the effectiveness of traditional interventions with drinking drivers by adding brief individual intervention components . J Stud Alcohol. , 63 : 655 – 664 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , V. 2010 . Deterrence in Criminal Justice. Evaluating Certainty vs Severity of Punishment , Washington , DC : The Sentencing Project: Research and Advocacy for Reform .
   Google Scholar