Side Impact PMHS Thoracic Response With Large-Volume Air Bag

References

• Bedard , M , Guyatt , G H , Stones , M J and Hirdes , J P . 2002 . The independent contribution of driver, crash, and vehicle characteristics to driver fatalities . Accid Anal Prev. , 34 : 717 – 727 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanaugh , J , Huang , Y and Zhu , J . 1993 . “ Biomechanical Issues in Automotive Side Impact Protection ” . Breckenridge, Colorado : ASME . June 25–29 BED 24
   Google Scholar
• Cavanaugh , J M , Walilko , T J , Malhotra , A , Zhu , Y and King , A I . 1990a . “ Biomechanical response and injury tolerance of the pelvis in twelve sled side impacts ” . San Diego , CA Paper presented at: 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference; November 5–7
   Google Scholar
• Cavanaugh , J M , Walilko , T J , Malhotra , A , Zhu , Y and King , A I . 1990b . “ Biomechanical response and injury tolerance of the thorax in twelve sled side impacts ” . Paper presented at: 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference; November 5–7, San Diego, CA
   Google Scholar
• Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI) . 2012 . Available at: http://www.cdti.es/recursos/doc/Informacion_corporativa/Noticias/Comunicados/45286_35352012154953.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Deng , Y C . 1988 . Design Considerations for Occupant Protection in Side Impact: A Modeling Approach , Warrendale , PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE 881713
   Google Scholar
• Eppinger , RH. 1989 . On the Development of a Deformation Measurement System and Its Application Toward Developing Mechanically Based Injury Indices , Warrendale , PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE 892426
   Google Scholar
• Eppinger , R , Marcus , J and Morgan , R . 1984 . Development of Dummy and Injury Index for NHTSAs Thoracic Side Impact Protection Research Program , Warrendale , PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE Technical Paper 840885
   Google Scholar
• Forman , J , Lopez-Valdes , F , Lessley , D , Kindig , M , Kent , R , Ridella , S and Bostrom , O . 2009 . Rear seat occupant safety: an investigation of a progressive force-limiting, pretensioning 3-point belt system using adult PMHS in frontal sled tests . Stapp Car Crash J , 53 : 49 – 74 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haland , Y and Pipkorn , B . 1996 . A parametric study of a side airbag system to meet deflection based criteria . J Biomech Eng. , 118 : 412 – 419 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuppa , S and Eppinger , R . 1998 . Development of an Improved Thoracic Injury Criterion , Warrendale , PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE 983153
   Google Scholar
• Kuppa , S , Eppinger , R H , McKoy , F , Nguyen , T , Pintar , F A and Yoganandan , N . 2003 . Development of side impact thoracic injury criteria and their application to the modified ES-2 dummy with rib extensions (ES-2re) . Stapp Car Crash J. , 47 : 189 – 210 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lessley , D J , Shaw , C G Parent , D P . 2010 . Whole-body response to pure lateral impact . Stapp Car Crash J. , 53 : 289 – 336 .
   Google Scholar
• Luzon-Narro , J , Arregui-Dalmases , C , Hernando , L , Core , E , Narbona , A and Selgas , C . 2012 . Innovative passive and active countermeasures for near side crash safety . Int J Crashworthiness. ,
   Google Scholar
• McCartt , A T and Kyrychenko , S Y . 2007 . Efficacy of side airbags in reducing driver deaths in driver-side car and SUV collisions . Traffic Inj Prev. , 8 ( 2 ) : 162 – 170 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McNeill , A , Haberl , J , Holzner , M , Schoeneburg , R , Strutz , T and Tautenhahn , U . Current worldwide side impact activities—divergence versus harmonisation and the possible effect on future car design . Washington, DC Paper presented at: 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV); June 6–9
   Google Scholar
• Melvin , J W and Stalnaker , R L . 1976 . Tolerance and Response of the Knee–Femur–Pelvis Complex to Axial Impact , Ann Arbor , MI : Highway Safety Research Institute . Report UM-HSRI-76-33
   Google Scholar
• Pintar , F A , Yoganandan , N Hines , M H . 1997 . Chestband Analysis of Human Tolerance to Side Impact , Warrendale , PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE 973320
   Google Scholar
• Rhule , D , Rhule , H and Donnelley , B . The process of evaluation and documentation of crash dummies for part 572 of the code of federal regulations . Washington , DC Paper presented at: 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV); June 6–9
   Google Scholar
• Samaha , R S and Elliott , D S . NHTSA side impact research: motivation for upgraded test procedures . Nagoya , , Japan Paper presented at: 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV); May 19–22
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , L W , Robbins , D H , Pflug , M A and Snyder , R G . 1983 . Anthropometry of Motor Vehicle Occupants: Vol. 3. Specifications and Drawings. , Ann Arbor , MI : University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute . Report HS-806 717
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , S , Niwa , M Koyama , T . Effectiveness of thorax & pelvis side airbag for improved side-impact protection . Washington , DC Paper presented at: 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV); June 6–9
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , C G , Bolton , J R , Lessley , D J , Parent , D , Riley , P and Crandall , J R . “ Improved method to record the response of seated live human surrogates in a simulated side impact ” . Yokohama , , Japan Paper presented at: 2010 JSAE Annual Congress; May 19–21, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , C G , Parent , D P Purtsezov , S . 2009 . Impact response of restrained PMHS in frontal sled tests: skeletal deformation patterns under seat belt loading . Stapp Car Crash J. , 53 : 1 – 48 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Society of Automotive Engineers . 1994 . SAE Surface Vehicle Information Report: Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing , Warrendale , PA : Society of Automotive Engineers . SAE J1733
   Google Scholar
• Tarriere , C , Walfisch , G , Fayon , A and Rosey , J P . Synthesis of human tolerances from lateral impact simulations . Paris , , France Paper presented at: 7th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV)
   Google Scholar
• Welsh , R , Morris , A and Hassan , A . Injury outcomes in side impacts involving modern passenger cars . Lyon , , France Paper presented at: 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV); June 18–21
   Google Scholar
• Yoganandan , N , Pintar , F A , Stemper , B D , Gennarelli , T A and Weigelt , J A . 2007 . Biomechanics of side impact: injury criteria, aging occupants, and airbag technology . J Biomech. , 40 : 227 – 243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar