349
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Evaluation of Pediatric ATD Biofidelity as Compared to Child Volunteers in Low-Speed Far-Side Oblique and Lateral Impacts

, , , , , & show all
Pages S206-S214 | Received 18 Mar 2014, Accepted 01 Jun 2014, Published online: 11 Oct 2014

References

  • Arbogast KB, Balasubramanian S, Seacrist T, et al. Comparison of kinematic responses of the head and spine for children and adults in low-speed frontal sled tests. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:329–372.
  • Arbogast KB, Durbin DR. Epidemiology of child motor vehicle crash injuries and fatalities. In: Crandall JF, Myers BS, Meaney DF, Schmidtke SZ, eds. Pediatric Injury Biomechanics. New York, NY: Springer; 2013:33–86.
  • Arbogast KB, Mathews EA, Seacrist T, et al. The effect of pre-tensioning and age on torso rollout in restrained human volunteers in far-side lateral and oblique loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2012;56:443–467.
  • Beeman SM, Kemper AR, Madigan ML, Franck CT, Loftus SC. Occupant kinematics in low-speed frontal sled tests: human volunteers, Hybrid III ATD, and PMHS. Accid Anal Prev. 2012;47:128–139.
  • Begeman PC, King AI, Levine RS, Viano DC. Biodynamic response of the musculoskeletal system to impact acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Troy, MI; 1980. SAE Paper No. 801312.
  • Bose D, Crandall JR, Untaroiu CD, Maslen EH. Influence of precollision occupant parameters on injury outcome in a frontal collision. Accid Anal Prev. 2010;42:1398–1407.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System). Atlanta, GA: Author; 2010.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System). Atlanta, GA: Author; 2011.
  • Dibb AT, Cutcliffe HC, Luck JF, et al. Pediatric head and neck dynamics in frontal impact: analysis of important mechanical factors and proposed neck performance corridors for six and ten year old ATD. Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15:386–394.
  • Douglas CA, Fildes BN, Gibson TJ, Bostrom O, Pintar FA. Factors influencing occupant-to-seat belt interaction in far side crashes. Ann Adv Auto Med. 2007;51:319–339.
  • Eppinger RH, Marcus JH, Morgan RM. Development of dummy and injury index for NHTSA's thoracic side impact protection research program. In: Proceedings of the SAE Government/Industry Meeting; 1984.
  • European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee Q‐dummies Report. Advanced Child Dummies and Injury Criteria for Frontal Impact. 2008. Document Number 514. Available at: www.eevc.org.
  • Foret-Bruno J-Y, Trosseille X, Le Coz J-Y, Bendjellal F, Steyer C. Thoracic Injury Risk in Frontal Car Crashes With Occupant Restrained With Belt Load Limiter. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers; 1998. SAE Paper No. 983166.
  • Forman J, Michaelson J, Kent R, Kuppa S, Bostrom O. Occupant restraint in the rear seat: ATD responses to standard and pretensioning, force-limiting belt restraints. Ann Adv Auto Med. 2008;52:141–154.
  • Gabler HC, Digges K, Fildes BN, Sparke L. Side Impact Injury Risk for Belted Far Side Passenger Vehicle Occupants. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers; 2005. SAE Paper #2005-01-0287.
  • Grime G. A review of research on the protection afforded to occupants of cars by seat belts which provide upper torso restraint. Accid Anal Prev. 1979;11:293–306.
  • Huot M, Brown J, Kelly P, Bilston LE. Effectiveness of high back belt positioning booster seats in side impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. 2005;6(2):147–155.
  • Irwin A, Mertz HJ. Biomechanical Basis for the CRABI and Hybrid III Child Dummies. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers; 1997. SAE Paper No. 973317.
  • Kapoor T, Altenhof W, Howard A, Rasico J, Zhu F. Methods to mitigate injury to toddlers in near-side impact crashes. Accid Anal Prev. 2008;40:1880–1882.
  • Kent RW, Bolton J, Crandall J, et al. Restrained Hybrid III dummy-based criteria for thoracic hard-tissue injury prediction. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Bron, France.
  • Kent RW, Purtsezov SV, Pilkey WD. Limiting performance analysis of a seat belt system with slack. Int J Impact Eng. 2007;34:1382–1395.
  • Kent RW, Salzar R, Kerrigan J, et al. Pediatric thoraco-abominal biomechanics. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:373–401.
  • Langhaar HL. Dimensional Analysis and Theory of Models. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1951.
  • Lopez-Valdes FJ, Forman J, Kent RW, Bostrom O, Segui-Gomez M. A comparison between a child-size PMHS and the Hybrid III 6 YO in a sled frontal impact. Ann Adv Auto Med. 2009;53:237–246.
  • Lubbe N. Comparison of Hybrid III 6yo and Q6 child dummies in high severity frontal impact tests. In: Proceedings from Protection Children Cars. Munich, Germany; 2010.
  • Malott A, Parenteau C, Arbogast K, Mari-Gowda S. Sled Test Results Using the Hybrid III 6 Year Old: An Evaluation of Various Restraints and Crash Configurations. Warrendale, PA: SAE International; 2004. . SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0316.
  • Maltese MR, Kadlowec J, Latman S, et al. Neck pendulum test modifications for simulation of frontal crashes. Paper presented at: SAE World Congress and Exhibition; April 15, 2008; Detroit, MI.
  • Menon RA, Ghati Y, Ridella S, Roberts D, Winston F. Evaluation of Restraint Type and Performance Tested With 3- and 6-Year-Old Hybrid III Dummies at a Range of Speeds. Warrendale, PA: SAE International; 2004. . SAE Paper No. 01-0319.
  • Menon RA, Ghati YS, Roberts D. Performance evaluation of various high back booster seats tested at 56 kph using a 6-year-old hybrid III dummy. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Washington, DC; June 6–9, 2005. . Paper Number 05-0366.
  • Mitzkus JE, Eyrainer H. Three-Point Belt Improvements for Increased Occupant Protection. Warrendale, PA: SAE International; 1984.
  • NHTSA. Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Encyclopedia. 2008.
  • Reed MP, Ebert-Hamilton SM, Klinich KD, Manary MA, Rupp JD. Assessing Child Belt Fit, Volume I: Effects of Vehicle Seat and Belt Geometry on Belt Fit for Children With and Without Belt Positioning Booster Seats. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute; 2008.
  • SAE J211,1995. Instrumentation for Impact Test—Part 1, Electronic Instrumentation. Society of Automotive Engineers, SAEJ211/1, March 1995.
  • Schnottale B, Lorenz B, Verheyen C, Zellmer H. A comparison of the Q6 and HIII 6 years old dummy in frontal impact tests in a car environment involving different CRS and belt systems. In: Proceedings of Protection Children Cars. Munich, Germany: 2011.
  • Seacrist T, Arbogast AB, Maltese MR, et al. Kinetics of the cervical spine in pediatric and adult volunteers during low speed frontal impacts. J Biomech. 2012;45:99–106.
  • Seacrist T, Balasubramanian S, Garcia-Espana JF, et al. Kinematic comparison of pediatric human volunteers and the hybrid III 6-year-old anthropomorphic test device. Ann Adv Auto Med. 2010;54:97–111.
  • Seacrist T, Mathews EA, Balasubramanian S, Maltese MR, Arbogast KB. Evaluation of the Hybrid III and Q-series pediatric ATD upper neck loads as compared to pediatric volunteers in low-speed frontal crashes. Ann Biomed Eng. 2013;41:2381–2390.
  • Seacrist T, Mathews EA, Samuels M, et al. Kinematic comparison of the Hybrid III and Q-Series pediatric ATDs to pediatric volunteers in low-speed frontal crashes. Ann Adv Auto Med. 2012;56:285–298.
  • Sherwood CP, Shaw CG, van Rooij L, et al. Prediction of cervical spine injury risk for the 6-year-old child in frontal crashes. Ann Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2002;46:231–247.
  • Stolinski R, Grzebieta R, Fildes B. Side impact protection—occupants in the far-sideseat. Int J Crashworthiness. 1998a;3(2):93–122.
  • Stolinski R, Grzebieta RH, Fildes BN. Response of Far Side Occupants in Car-to-Car Impacts With Standard and Modified Restraint Systems Using Hybrid III and USSID. Warrendale, PA: SAE International; 1998b. SAE Paper 1999-01-1321.
  • Stolinski R, Grzebieta R, et al. Vehicle farside impact crashes. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Windsor, Canada, 1998.
  • Viano DC. Limits and challenges of crash protection. Acid Anal Prev. 1988;20:421–429.
  • Waagmeester K, Burleigh M, Hynd M, et al. Q10.5 dummy development status report. In: Proceedings of Protection Children in Cars, Munich, Germany, 2009.
  • Walz M. NCAP test improvements with pretensioners and load limiters. Traffic Inj Prev. 2004;5:18–25.
  • Wang ZJ. Q3s improvement and Q6s development. Paper presented at: SAE Government and Industry Meeting; 2009; Washington, DC.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.