Examining Physiological Responses Across Different Driving Maneuvers During an On-road Driving Task: A Pilot Study Comparing Older and Younger Drivers

References

• Anstey KJ, Wood J, Lord S, Walker JG. Cognitive, sensory and physical factors enabling driving safety in older drivers. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005;25:45–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augenstein J. Differences in Clinical Response Between the Young and the Elderly. Des Plaines, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. Older People: A Social Report. Canberra, Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Austroads. Assessing Fitness to Drive for Commerical and Private Vehicle Drivers. Sydney, Australia: Author; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Baldock MRJ, Mathias J, McLean J, Berndt A. Self-regulation of driving and older drivers’ functional abilities. Clin Gerontol. 2006;30:53–70.
   Google Scholar
• Ball K, Owsley C, Sloane M, Roeneker D, Bruni J. Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34:3110–3123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball K, Owsley C, Stalvey B, et al. Driving avoidance and functional impairment in older drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 1998;30:313–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieliauskas LA. Neuropsychological assessment of geriatric driving competence. Brain Inj. 2005;19:221–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieliauskas LA, Roper BR, Trobe J, Lacy M. Cognitive measures, driving safety, and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neuropsychol. 1998;12:206–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlton J, Oxley J, Fildes B, et al. Characteristics of older drivers who adopt self-regulatory driving behaviours. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2006;9:363–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dejeammes M, Ramet M. Aging process and safety enhancement of car occupants. Paper presented at: 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles; 1996; Melbourne, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Eberhard J. Do older drivers have a heightened crash risk? Licensing authorities’ options for managing older driver safety: practical advice from the researchers. Paper presented at: Transportation Research Board 86th Annual Meeting; 2007; Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Esler MD, Thompson JM, Kaye DM, et al. Effects of aging on the responsiveness of the human cardiac sympathetic nerves to stressors. Circulation. 1995;91:351–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans L. Older driver involvement in fatal and severe traffic crashes. J Gerontol Psychol Sci. 1988;43:186–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fildes BN, Corben B, Kent S, et al. Older Road User Crashes. Melbourne, Australia: Monash University Accident Research Centre; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini Mental State. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox MD. Elderly Drivers' Perceptions of Their Driving Abilities Compared to their Functional Visual Perception Skills and Their Actual Driving Performance. The Haworth Press; 1989:13–49.
   Google Scholar
• Hakamies-Blomqvist LE, Mynttinen S, Backman M, Mikkonen V. Age-related differences in driving: are older drivers more serial? Int J Behav Dev. 1999;23:575–589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inui N. Simple reaction times and timing of serial reactions of middle-aged and old men. Percept Mot Skills. 1997;84:219–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janke M. Age-Related Disabilities That May Impair Driving and Their Assessment: Literature Review. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Motor Vehicles; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson MJ, Chahal T, Stinchcombe A, et al. Physiological responses to simulated and on-road driving. Int J Psychophysiol. 2011;81:203–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koppel S, Bohensky M, Langford J, Taranto D. Older drivers, crashes and injuries. Traffic Inj Prev. 2011;12:459–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koppel S, Charlton JL, Langford J, et al. Findings from the Candrive/Ozcandrive Study: a preliminary analysis of the Driving Observation Schedule (DOS) data. Paper presented at: Candrive/Ozcandrive Symposium, Australian Road Safety Research, Policy and Education Conference; 2012; Wellington, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar
• Koppel S, Charlton JL, Langford J, et al. The relationship between older drivers’ performance on the Driving Observation Schedule (eDOS) and cognitive performance. Paper presented at: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 2013; Quebec City, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Korteling J. Effects of ageing, skill modification and demand alternation on multiple-task performance. Hum Factors. 1994;36:27–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer AF. Physiological metrics of mental workload: A review of recent progress. In: Damos DL, ed., Multiple-Task Performance. . London: Taylor & Francis; 1991:279–328.
   Google Scholar
• Langford J, Koppel S. Epidemiology of older driver crashes—identifying older driver risk factors and exposure patterns. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2006;9:309–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavalliere M, Tremblay M, Cantin V, Simoneau M, Teasdale N. Aging yields a smaller number of fixations and a reduced gaze amplitude when driving in a simulator. Adv Transp Stud. 2006;(special issue):21–30.
   Google Scholar
• Lees MN, Cosman JD, Lee JD, Rizzo M, Fricke N. Translating cognitive neuroscience to the driver's operational environment: a neuroergonomics approach. Am J Psychol. 2010;123:391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li G, Braver ER, Chen L. Fragility versus excessive crash involvement as determinants of high death rates per vehicle-mile of travel among older drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2003;35:227–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg C, Hakamies-Blomqvist L. Driving tests with older patients: effect of unfamiliar versus familiar vehicle. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2003;6:163–173.
   Google Scholar
• Mackay M. Occupant protection and vehicle design. Paper presented at: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Course on the Biomechanics of Impact Trauma; 1998; Los Angeles, CA.
   Google Scholar
• McDowd JM, Craik FI. Effects of aging and task difficulty on divided attention performance. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1988;14:267–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGwin G, Brown DB. Characteristics of traffic crashes among young, middle-aged and older drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 1999;31:181–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehler B, Reimer B, Coughlin JF. Sensitivity of physiological measures for detecting systematic variations in cognitive demand from a working memory task an on-road study across three age groups. Hum Factors. 2012;54:396–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moses JA. Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT). Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004;19:703–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:695–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Ageing and Transport. Mobility Needs and Safety Issues. Paris, France: OECD Publications; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Padmanaban J. Crash Injury Experience of Elderly Drivers. Des Plaines, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Preusser D, Williams A, Ferguson S, Ulmer R, Weinstein H. Fatal crash risk for older drivers at intersections. Accid Anal Prev. 1998;30:151–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimer B, Mehler B, Coughlin JF, Roy N, Dusek JA. The impact of a naturalistic hands-free cellular phone task on heart rate and simulated driving performance in two age groups. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2011;14:13–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salthouse T. A Theory of Cognitive Aging. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Press; 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Sit RA, Fisk AD. Age-related performance in a multiple-task environment. Hum Factors. 1999;41:26–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivak M, Schoettle B. Recent Changes in the Age Composition of Drivers in 15 Countries. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Smiley A. Adaptive Strategies of Older Drivers. Transportation in an Aging Society: A Decade of Experience. MD: Transportation Research Board; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Staplin L, Gish KW, Wagner EK. MaryPODS revisited: updated crash analysis and implications for screening program implementation. J Safety Res. 2003;34:389–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stelmach GE, Nahom A. Cognitive-motor abilities of the elderly driver. Hum Factors. 1992;34:53–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uc EY, Rizzo M. Driving and neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2008;8:377–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viano DC, Culver CC, Evans L, Frick M, Scott R. Involvement of older drivers in multi-vehicle side impact crashes. Accid Anal Prev. 1990;22:177–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlahodimitrakou Z, Charlton JL, Langford J, et al. Development and evaluation of a Driving Observation Schedule (DOS) to study everyday driving performance of older drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;61:253–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welford A. Motor performance. In: Birren J, Schaie K, ed. Handbook of the Psychology of Ageing. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1977:450–496.
   Google Scholar
• Wickens C. Attention and skilled performance. In: Holding D, ed. Human Skills. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 1989:71–105.
   Google Scholar
• Woolnough A, Salim D, Marshall SC, et al. Determining the validity of the AMA guide: a historical cohort analysis of the Assessment of Driving Related Skills and crash rate among older drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;61:311–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar