The Effects of Vehicle Redesign on the Risk of Driver Death

References

• Brumbelow ML, Teoh ER. Roof strength and injury risk in rollover crashes of passenger cars. Traffic Inj Prev. 2009;10:584–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans L. Twenty thousand more Americans killed annually because US traffic-safety policy rejects science. Am J Public Health. 2014;104:1349–1351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer CM, Lund AK. Trends over time in the risk of driver death: what if vehicle designs had not improved? Traffic Inj Prev. 2006;7:335–342.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glassbrenner D. An Analysis of Recent Improvements to Vehicle Safety. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2012. Report No. DOT HS-811-572.
   Google Scholar
• Greenwell NK. Evaluation of the Certified-Advanced Air Bags. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2013. Report No. DOT HS-811-834.
   Google Scholar
• Harless DW, Hoffer GE. Do laboratory frontal crash test programs predict driver fatality risk? Evidence from within vehicle line variation in test ratings. Accid Anal Prev. 2007;39:902–913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Highway Loss Data Institute. Mercedes-Benz collision avoidance features: initial results. HLDI Bull. 2012;29(7):122.
   Google Scholar
• Highway Loss Data Institute. IIHS crashworthiness evaluation programs and the US vehicle fleet. HLDI Bull. 2013;30(7):110.
   Google Scholar
• Highway Loss Data Institute. Predicted availability of safety features on registered vehicles—an update. HLDI Bull. 2014;31(15):113.
   Google Scholar
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Special issue: frontal crash test verifications. Status Report. 2006;41(3):18.
   Google Scholar
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Stability control reduces fatal crash risk by a third. Status Report. 2010;45(6):18.
   Google Scholar
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Low hanging fruit: existing countermeasures merit renewed attention. Status Report. 2011;46(7):18.
   Google Scholar
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Fatality Facts: Passenger Vehicle Occupants. Arlington, VA: Author; 2014. Available: http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/general-statistics/fatalityfacts/passenger-vehicles#Driver-death-rates. Accessed May 30, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Kahane CJ. Relationships Between Vehicle Size and Fatality Risk in Model Year 1985–93 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 1997. Report No. DOT HS-808-571.
   Google Scholar
• Kahane CJ. Vehicle Weight, Fatality Risk and Crash Compatibility of Model Year 1991–99 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2003. Report No. DOT HS-809-662.
   Google Scholar
• Kahane CJ. Lives Saved by the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Other Vehicle Safety Technologies, 1960–2002—Passenger Cars and Light Trucks—With a Review of 19 FMVSS and Their Effectiveness in Reducing Fatalities, Injuries and Crashes. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2004. Report No. DOT HS-809-833.
   Google Scholar
• Kahane CJ. Relationships Between Fatality Risk, Mass, and Footprint in Model Year 2000–2007 Passenger Cars and LTVs. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2012. Report No. DOT HS-811-665.
   Google Scholar
• Kahane CJ. Updated Estimates of Fatality Reduction by Curtain and Side Air Bags in Side Impacts and Preliminary Analyses of Rollover Curtains. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2014. Report No. DOT HS-811-882.
   Google Scholar
• Kahane CJ, Hackney JR, Berkowitz AM. Correlation of vehicle performance in the New Car Assessment Program with fatality risk in actual head-on collisions. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 1994:13881404.
   Google Scholar
• Kaul V, Singh S, Rajagopalan K, Coury M. Consumer Attitudes and Perceptions about Safety and Their Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Safety. Warrendale, PA: SAE International; 2010. Report No. 2010-01-2336.
   Google Scholar
• Longthorne A, Subramanian R, Chen C. An Analysis of the Significant Decline in Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes in 2008. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2010. Report No. DOT HS-811-346.
   Google Scholar
• Lund AK. 50 years of progress: where do we go from here? Paper presented at: Edmunds’ Safety Conference: Truly Safe? May 24, 2011; Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• McCartt AT, Kyrychenko SY. Efficacy of side airbags in reducing driver deaths in driver-side car and SUV collisions. Traffic Inj Prev. 2007;8:162–170.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mogodin S, Bertholon N, Cuny S, Simon M. Evaluation of the car safety enhancements during the last three decades. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. Washington, DC: NHTSA;2011:17.
   Google Scholar
• Newstead SV, Narayan S, Cameron MH, Farmer CM. US consumer crash test results and injury risk in police-reported crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. 2003;4:113–127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newstead SV, Watson LM, Cameron MH. Vehicle Safety Ratings Estimated from Police Reported Crash Data: 2010 Update Australian and New Zealand Crashes During 1987–2008. Victoria, Australia: Monash University Accident Research Centre; 2010. Report No. 297.
   Google Scholar
• NHTSA. Report to Congress: The Effect of Increased Speed Limits in the Post-NMSL Era. Washington, DC: Author; 1998. Report No. DOT HS-808-637.
   Google Scholar
• NHTSA. Initiatives to Address the Mitigation of Vehicle Rollover. Washington, DC: Author; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• NHTSA. Traffic Safety Facts, 2012. Washington, DC: Author; 2014. Report No. DOT HS-812-032.
   Google Scholar
• Paine M, Griffiths M, Haley J, Newland C. Injury and structural trends during 12 years of NCAP frontal offset crash tests. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. Washington, DC: NHTSA;2009:112.
   Google Scholar
• Pickrell TM, Ye TJ. Seat Belt Use in 2012—Overall Results. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2012. Report No. DOT HS-811-691.
   Google Scholar
• Sivinski R. Crash Prevention Effectiveness of Light-Vehicle Electronic Stability Control: An Update of the 2007 NHTSA Evaluation. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2011. Report No. DOT HS-811-486.
   Google Scholar
• Teoh ER, Lund AK. IIHS side crash test ratings and occupant death risk in real-world crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. 2011;12:500–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walz M. NCAP Test Improvements with Pretensioners and Load Limiters. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2003. Report No. DOT HS-809-562.
   Google Scholar
• Walz M. Trends in the Static Stability Factor of Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Vans. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2005. Report No. DOT HS-809-868.
   Google Scholar
• Winters FJ, Mielenz C, Hellestrand G. Design Process Changes Enabling Rapid Development. Warrendale, PA: SAE International; 2004. Report No. 2004-21-0085.
   Google Scholar
• Youn Y, Han W, Kim G, Kim H, Park J. Assessment of 12 years KNCAP performances and plan for elderly occupant protection. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2011:18.
   Google Scholar