Seat belt use among car drivers in Iranian safe communities: An observational study

References

• Afukaar FK, Damsere-Derry J, Ackaah W. Observed seat belt use in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana. J Prev Interv Community. 2010;38(4):280–289.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akbari M, Nabipour AR, Hesampour M, Khanjani N. The rate of safety belt use and its associated factors in 15 to 44-year olds of Kerman in 2012 [in Persian]. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2013;1:116–122.
   Google Scholar
• Bahadorimonfared A, Soori H, Mehrabi Y, et al. Trends of fatal road traffic injuries in Iran (2004–2011). PloS One. 2013;8:e68195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendak S. Seat belt utilization in Saudi Arabia and its impact on road accident injuries. Accid Anal Prev. 2005;37:367–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendak S, Al-Saleh K. Seat belt utilisation and awareness in UAE. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2013;20:342–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borghebani R, Dehahgni L, Khanjani N. The rate of safety belt use and some of its related factors among Kerman, Iran car drivers. Payesh. 2012;12:159–165.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell H, Macdonald S, Richardson IP. High levels of incorrect use of car seat belts and child restraints in Fife—an important and under-recognized road safety issue. Inj Prev. 1997;3:17–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaudhary NK, Preusser DF. Connecticut night time safety belt use. J Safety Res. 2006;37:353–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crandon IW, Branday JM, Simeon DT, Rhoden A, Thompson H, Carpenter R. The prevalence of seat belt use in Jamaica. An observational study. West Indian Med J. 1996;45:31–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crandon IW, Harding HE, Branday J, Simeon D, Rhoden A, Carpenter R. The prevalence of seat belt use in Kingston, Jamaica: a follow-up observational study five years after the introduction of legislation. West Indian Med J. 2006;55:327–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eby DW, Vivoda JM, St Louis RM. Driver hand-held cellular phone use: a four-year analysis. J Safety Res. 2006;37:261–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glassbrenner D, Carra JS, Nichols J. Recent estimates of safety belt use. J Safety Res. 2004;35:237–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gras ME, Cunill M, Sullman MJM, Planes M, Font-Mayolas S. Predictors of seat belt use amongst Spanish drivers. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2007;10:263–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris G, Olukoga I. A cost benefit analysis of an enhanced seat belt enforcement program in South Africa. Inj Prev. 2005;11(2):102–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ipingbemi O. The rate of compliance to seat belt usage among automobile drivers on three categories of roads in Nigeria: an observational survey. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2012;19:3–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iranian Statistics Center. 2011 Nationwide Iranian Census. 2011. Available at: http://www.amar.org.ir. Accessed January 1, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Iribhogbe PE, Osime CO. Compliance with seat belt use in Benin City, Nigeria. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2008;23:16–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Istre GR, Stowe M, McCoy MA, et al. A controlled evaluation of the WHO Safe Communities model approach to injury prevention: increasing child restraint use in motor vehicles. Inj Prev. 2011;17:3–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kononen DW, Flannagan CA, Wang SC. Identification and validation of a logistic regression model for predicting serious injuries associated with motor vehicle crashes. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43:112–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajunen T, Summala H. Can we trust self-reports of driving? Effects of impression management on driver behaviour questionnaire responses. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2003;6(2):97–107.
   Google Scholar
• Lee BHY, Schofer JL. Restraint use and age and sex characteristics of persons involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes. Transp Res Rec. 2003;1830:10–17.
   Google Scholar
• Ma S, Tran N, Klyavin VE, Zambon F, Hatcher KW, Hyder AA. Seat belt and child seat use in Lipetskaya Oblast, Russia: frequencies, attitudes, and perceptions. Traffic Inj Prev. 2012;13:76–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehri A, Nadrian H, Morowatisharifabad MA, Akolechy M. Determinants of seat belt use among drivers in Sabzevar, Iran: a comparison of theory of planned behavior and health belief model. Traffic Inj Prev. 2011;12:104–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabipour AR, Khanjani N, Soltani Z, Akbari M. The rate of seat belt use and its related factors among car drivers in Tehran, Iran after imposing new regulations. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2014;21(4):1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olukoga A, Legall G, Odekunle A. Pattern of seat belt use by drivers in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. BMC Res Notes. 2011;4:1–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orsay EM, Turnbull TL, Dunne M, Barrett JA, Langenberg P, Orsay CP. Prospective study of the effect of safety belts on morbidity and health care costs in motor-vehicle accidents. JAMA. 1988;260:3598–3603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özkan T, Puvanachandara P, Lajunen T, Hoe C, Hyder A. The validity of self-reported seatbelt use in a country where levels of use are low. Accid Anal Prev. 2012;47:75–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peden M, Scurfield R, Sleet D, et al. World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Popoola S, Oluwadiya K, Kortor J, Denen-Akaa P, Onyemaechi N. Compliance with seat belt use in Makurdi, Nigeria: an observational study. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013;3:427–432.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rahimi-Movaghar V. Controlled evaluation of injury in an international Safe Community: Kashmar, Iran. Public Health. 2010;124(4):190–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routley V, Ozanne-Smith J, Li D, Hu X, Wang P, Qin Y. Pattern of seat belt wearing in Nanjing, China. Inj Prev. 2007;13:388–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghnejad F, Niknami S, Hydarnia A, Montazeri A. Seat-belt use among drivers and front passengers: an observational study from the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 2014;20:491–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe Community Association. The history of Safe Community plan in Iran and world. 2014. Available at: http://ir-safe.com/?p=353. Accessed May 10, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Safe Community Bardaskan. Bardaskan Safe Community Report. Stockholm, Sweden: WHO Collaborating Centre on Community Safety Promotion; 2007. Available at: http://www.phs.ki.se/csp/pdf/safecommunities/bardaskan.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Safe Community Khalilabad. Community: Khalilabad. Stockholm, Sweden: WHO Collaborating Centre on Community Safety Promotion; 2010. Available at: http://www.ki.se/csp/pdf/applicationreports/khalilabad_09.pdf. Accessed May 10, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Şimsekoglu Ö, Lajunen T. Relationship of seat belt use to health and driver behaviors. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2009;12:235–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siviroj P, Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Morarit S. Non-seatbelt use and associated factors among Thai drivers during Songkran festival. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:608–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinks A, Turner C, Nixon J, Mcclure RJ. The WHO Safe Communities model for the prevention of injury in whole populations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; (3). Art. No.: CD004445. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004445.pub3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullman MJM. An observational study of driver distraction in England. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2012;15:272–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullman MJM, Taylor JE. Social desirability and self-reported driving behaviours: should we be worried? Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 2010;13:215–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor DM, Macbean CE, Das A, Rosli RM. Handheld mobile telephone use among Melbourne drivers. Med J Aust. 2007;187:432–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Wang J, Liu X. Posttraumatic growth of injured patients after motor vehicle accidents: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Health Psychol. 2012;17:297–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welander G, Svantrom L, Ekman R. Safety Promotion—An Introduction. Stockholm, Sweden: Kristianstads Boktryckeri AB; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• WHO Collaborating Centre on Community Safety Promotion. How to become an International Safe Community? 2014. Available at: http://www.ki.se/csp/pdf/guidelines/safe_community_membership_2014.pdf. Accessed May 15, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• WHO Collaborating Centre on Community Safety Promotion. 2014. Safe Communities Network Members. Stockholm, Sweden: Author. Available at: http://www.ki.se/csp/who_safe_communities_network_en.htm. Accessed July 10, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Manifesto for Safe Communities. Stockholm, Sweden: WHO Collaborating Centre on Community Safety Promotion; 1989. Available at: http://www.ki.se/csp/pdf/Manifesto.pdf Accessed May 26, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for Action. Geneva, Switzerland: Author; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013: Supporting a Decade of Action. Geneva, Switzerland: Author; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Young KL, Lenne MG. Driver engagement in distracting activities and the strategies used to minimise risk. Saf Sci. 2010;48:326–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar