References
- Abbas AK, Hefny AF, Abu-Zidan FM. Seatbelts and road traffic collision injuries. World J Emerg Surg. 2011;6:18.
- Abu-Zidan FM, Abbas AK, Hefny AF, Eid HO, Grivna M. Effects of seat belt usage on injury pattern and outcome of vehicle occupants after road traffic collisions: prospective study. World J Surg. 2012;36:255–259.
- Afifi I, El-Menyar A, Al-Thani H, Peralta R. Seatbelt versus seatbelt and airbag injuries in a single motor vehicle crash. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci [serial online]. 2015;5:46–49. Available at: http://www.ijciis.org/text.asp?2015/5/1/46/152344. Accessed March 24, 2015.
- Asbun HJ, Irani H, Roe EJ, Bloch JH. Intra-abdominal seatbelt injury. J Trauma. 1990;30:189–193.
- Ball CG, Kirkpatrick AW, Brenneman FD. Non-compliance with seat-belt use in patients involved in motor vehicle collisions. Can J Surg. 2005;48:367–372.
- Bendak S. Seat belt utilization in Saudi Arabia and its impact on road accident injuries. Accid Anal Prev. 2005;37:367–371.
- Bener A, Al Humoud SM, Price P, et al. The effect of seatbelt legislation on hospital admissions with road traffic injuries in an oil-rich, fast-developing country. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2007;14:103–107.
- Braver ER, Ferguson SA, Greene MA, Lund AK. Reductions in deaths in frontal crashes among right front passengers in vehicles equipped with passenger air bags. JAMA. 1997;278:1437–1439.
- Burns A, Kummerer M, Macdonald NC. Seat belt wearing in Scotland: a second study of compliance. 2010. Available at: http://www.scotland. gov. uk/Publications/ 2003/01/16089/16101. Accessed September 21, 2014.
- Chang D. Comparison of Crash Fatalities by Sex and Age Group. NHTSA; 2008. DOT HS 810 853. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810853.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2014.
- Consunji RJ, Peralta RR, Al-Thani H, Latifi R. The implications of the relative risk for road mortality on road safety programmes in Qatar. Inj Prev. 2015;21:e105-e108.
- Crandall CS, Olson LM, Sklar DP. Mortality reduction with air bag and seat belt use in head-on passenger car collisions. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153:219–224.
- Cummins JS, Koval KJ, Cantu RV, Spratt KF. Do seat belts and air bags reduce mortality and injury severity after car injuries? Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2011;40:E26–E29.
- Decree-Law No 19 of 2007: Article 54, Chapter 3, Law no. (19) of 2007 Regarding the Traffic Law 19 / 2007. Available at: http://www.almeezan.qa/LawPage.aspx?id=3993&language=en. Accessed: August 20, 2015.
- Eid HO, Abu-Zidan FM. Biomechanics of road traffic collision injuries: a clinician's perspective. Singapore Med J. 2007;48:693–700.
- El-Hennawy H, El-Menyar A, Al-Thani H, et al. Epidemiology, causes and prevention of car rollover crashes with ejection. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014;4:495–502.
- Hayes CW, Conway WF, Walsh JW, Coppage L, Gervin AS. Seat belt injuries: radiologic findings and clinical correlation. Radiographics. 1991;11:23–36.
- Hilton J, Shakar U. 2001 Motor vehicle traffic crashes injury and fatality estimates early assessment. 2002. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/809–439.PDF.
- Hunter WW, Stewart JR, Stutts JC, Rodgman EA. Observed and self-reported seat belt wearing as related to prior traffic accidents and convictions. Accid Anal Prev. 1993;25:545–554.
- Ichikawa M, Nakahara S, Wakai S. Mortality of front-seat occupants attributable to unbelted rear-seat passengers in car crashes. Lancet. 2002;359:43–44.
- Latifi R, El-Menyar A, El-Hennawy H, Al-Thani H. Rollover car crashes with ejection: a deadly combination—an analysis of 719 patients. Scientific World Journal. 2014;2014:250540.
- Lee J, Conroy C, Coimbra R, Tominaga GT, Hoyt DB. Injury patterns in frontal crashes: the association between knee–thigh–hip (KTH) and serious intra-abdominal injury. Accid Anal Prev. 2010;42:50–55.
- Lund AK, Ferguson SA. Driver fatalities in 1985–1993 cars with airbags. J Trauma. 1995;38:469–475.
- Mamtani R, Al-Thani MH, Al-Thani AA, Sheikh JI, Lowenfels AB. Motor vehicle injuries in Qatar: time trends in a rapidly developing Middle Eastern nation. Inj Prev. 2012;18:130–132.
- Mayrose J, Jehle D, Hayes M, Tinnesz D, Piazza G, Wilding GE. Influence of the unbelted rear-seat passenger on driver mortality: “the backseat bullet.” Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12(2):130–4.
- Munk MD, Carboneau DM, Hardan M, Ali FM. Seatbelt use in Qatar in association with severe injuries and death in the prehospital setting. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2008;23:547–552.
- National Center for Statistics and Analysis. Seat Belt Use in 2008–Use Rates in the States and Territories. 2010. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811106.PDF. Accessed November 15, 2014.
- NHTSA. Fourth Report to Congress: Effectiveness of Occupant Protection Systems and Their Use. 1999. Available at: http://www.ntis.gov/search/product.aspx?ABBR=PB2001103424. Accessed March 6, 2014.
- Peden M, Scurfield R, Sleet D, et al. World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2004.
- Qatar Statistics Authority. Qatar population status 2012. 2012. Available at: http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/News/2012/Article/62.htm. Accessed December 15, 2014.
- Segui-Gomez M. Changes in injury patterns in frontal crashes: injuries to drivers of vehicles model year 1993–1997 vs. drivers of vehicles 1998–2002—an analysis of NASS/CDC data. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2003;47:84.
- Sivak M, Schoettle B. Mortality from road crashes in 193 countries: a comparison with other leading causes of death. 2014. Report No. UMTRI-2014-6. Available at: file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/masim1/My%20Documents/Downloads/102989%20(1).pdf. Access-ed October 12, 2014.
- Slee VN. The International Classification of Diseases: Ninth Revision (ICD-9). Ann Intern Med. 1978;88(3):424–426.
- Stassen NA, Lukan JK, Carrillo EH, Spain DA, Richardson JD. Abdominal seat belt marks in the era of focused abdominal sonography for trauma. Arch Surg. 2002;137:718–722.
- Viano D. Restraint effectiveness, availability and use in fatal crashes: implications to injury control. J Trauma. 1995;38:538–546.
- World Health Organization. Youth and road safety. 2004. Available at http://www.who.int/management/programme/ncd/Youth%20and%20Road%20Safety.pdf. Accessed September 10, 2014.
- World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013. Supporting a Decade of Action. 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2013/en/. Accessed October 16, 2014.
- Ye TJ, Pickrell T. Seat Belt Use in 2007—Demographic Results. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2008. DOT HS 810 932. Available at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810932.PDF. Accessed September 19, 2014.
- Zador PL, Ciccone MA. Automobile driver fatalities in frontal impacts: air bags compared with manual belts. Am J Public Health. 1993;83:661–666.