Naturalistic driving study of rear seat child occupants: Quantification of head position using a Kinect™ sensor

References

• Andersson M, Bohman K, Osvalder AL. Effect of booster seat design on children's choice of seating positions during naturalistic riding. Ann Adv Automot Med. 2010;54:171–80.
   Google Scholar
• Arbogast KB, Durbin DR, Kallan MJ, Elliott M, Winston FK. Injury risk to restrained children exposed to deployed first- and second-generation air bags in frontal crashes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159:342–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bohman K, Andersson M, Osvalder AL. A comparison of children's sitting postures during drive and the HIII 6y seating position—in two different high back booster seats. Paper presented at: International Conference Protection of Children in Cars; 2010; Munich, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Braver ER, Scerbo M, Kufera JA, Alexander MT, Volpini K, Lloyd JP. Deaths among drivers and right-front passengers in frontal collisions: redesigned air bags relative to first-generation air bags. Traffic Inj Prev. 2008;9:48–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlton JL, Koppel S, Cross C, et al. Naturalistic observation of children in cars: an international partnership. Paper presented at: International Conference Protection of Children in Cars; 2013; Munich, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Charlton JL, Koppel S, Kopinathan C, Taranto D. How do children really behave in restraint systems while travelling in cars? Ann Adv Automot Med. 2010;54:181–191.
   Google Scholar
• Crandall JR, Myers BS, Meaney DF, Schmidtke SZ. Pediatric Injury Biomechanics: Archive & Textbook. New York: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Dingus TA, Klauer SG, Neale VL, et al. The 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study, Phase II—Results of the 100-Car Field Experiment. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Graham JD, Goldie SJ, Segui-Gomez M, et al. Reducing risks to children in vehicles with passenger airbags. Pediatrics. 1998;102(1):e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobsson L, Bohman K, Stockman I, Andersson M, Osvalder A-L. Older Children's Sitting Postures when Riding in the Rear Seat. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. Krakow, Poland; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Langmann B, Hartmann K, Loffeld O. Depth camera technology comparison and performance evaluation. Paper presented at: International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods; 2012; Algarve, Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Lin L. A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducibility. Biometrics. 1989;45:255–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meissner U, Stephens G, Alfredson L. Children in restraints. Paper presented at: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Olson CM, Cummings P, Rivara FP. Association of first- and second-generation air bags with front occupant death in car crashes: a matched cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164(2):161–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osvalder A-L, Hansson I, Stockman I, Carlsson A, Bohman K, Jakobsson L. Older children's sitting postures, behaviour and comfort experience during ride—a comparison between an integrated booster cushion and a high-back booster. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. Gothenburg, Sweden; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Park B-K, Lumeng JC, Lumeng CN, Ebert SM, Reed MP. Child body shape measurement using depth cameras and a statistical body shape model. Ergonomics. 2015;58:301–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed MP, Ebert-Hamilton SM, Manary MA, Klinich KD, Schneider LW. Improved positioning procedures for 6YO and 10YO ATDs based on child occupant postures. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:337–388.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stockman I, Bohman K, Jakobsson L, Brolin K. Kinematics of child volunteers and child anthropomorphic test devices during emergency braking events in real car environment. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2013;14(1):92–102.
   Google Scholar
• van Rooij L, Harkema C, de Lange R, de Jager K, Bosch-Rekveldt M, Mooi H. Child poses in child restraint systems related to injury potential: investigations by virtual testing. Paper presented at: Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; 2005; Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Winston FK, Reed R. Air bags and children: results of a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration special investigation into actual crashes. Paper presented at: Stapp Car Crash Conference; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, and The Medical College of Wisconsin Inc. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.
   Google Scholar