484
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Neck forces and moments of human volunteers and post mortem human surrogates in low-speed frontal sled tests

, &
Pages 141-149 | Received 01 Mar 2016, Accepted 13 Jun 2016, Published online: 02 Sep 2016

References

  • Beeman SM, Kemper AR, Madigan ML, Duma SM. Effects of bracing on human kinematics in low-speed frontal sled tests. Ann Biomed Eng. 2011;39(12):2998–3010.
  • Beeman SM, Kemper AR, Madigan ML, Franck CT, Loftus SC. Occupant kinematics in low-speed frontal sled tests: Human volunteers, Hybrid III ATD, and PMHS. Accid Anal Prev. 2012;47:128–139.
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) website. Leading Causes of Nonfatal Injury Reports, 2001 – 2011. 2011. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/. Accessed August 11, 2013.
  • Chancey VC, Ottaviano D, Myers BS, Nightingale RW. A kinematic and anthropometric study of the upper cervical spine and the occipital condyles. J Biomech. 2007;40(9):1953–1959.
  • Clauser CE, McConville J, Young JW. Weight, volume, and center of mass of segments of the human body. In: Air Force Systems Command. OH: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; 1969.
  • Davidsson J, Deutscher C, Hell W, Lövsund P, Svensson MY. Human volunteer kinematics in rear-end sled collisions. J. Crash Prevention and Injury Control. 2001;2(4):319–333.
  • Ewing CL, Thomas DJ, Beeler Jr GW, Patrick LM, Gillis DB. Dynamic response of the head and neck of the living human to -gx impact acceleration. Stapp Car Crash J. 1968;12:424–439.
  • Ewing CL, Thomas DJ, Lustick L, Muzzy III WH, Willems G, Majewski PL. The effect of duration, rate of onset, and peak sled acceleration on the dynamic response of the human head and neck. Stapp Car Crash J. 1976;20:3–41.
  • Gehre C, Gades H, Wernicke P. Objective rating of signals using test and simulation responses. Paper presented at 21st Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; June 15–18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
  • Kemper AR, Beeman SM, Madigan ML, Duma SM. Human occupants in low-speed frontal sled tests: Effects of pre-impact bracing on chest compression, reaction forces, and subject acceleration. Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15(Suppl 1):S141–150.
  • Kumar S, Narayan Y, Amell T. An electromyographic study of low-velocity rear-end impacts. Spine. 2002;27(10):1044–1055.
  • Kumar S, Ferrari R, Narayan Y. Kinematic and electromyographic response to whiplash loading in low-velocity whiplash impacts–a review. Clin Biomech. 2005;20(4):343–356.
  • Lopez-Valdes FJ, Lau A, Lamp J, et al. Analysis of spinal motion and loads during frontal impacts. Comparison between PMHS and ATD. Ann Adv Automot Med. 2010;54:61–78.
  • McConnell WE, Howard RP, Guzman HM, et al. Analysis of human test subject kinematic responses to low velocity rear end impacts. Warrendale, PA: SAE International Congress and Exposition; 1993. SAE 930889.
  • McConnell WE, Howard RP, van Poppel J, et al. Human head and neck kinematics after low velocity rear-end impacts - understanding “whiplash”. Stapp Car Crash J. 1995;39:215–238.
  • McConville JT, Churchill TD, Kalpes I, Clauser CE, Cuzzi J. Anthropometric relationships of body and body segment moments of inertia. In: Air Force Systems Command. OH: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; 1980.
  • Mertz HJ, Patrick LM. Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash. Warrendale, PA: SAE Technical Paper Series; 1967. SAE 670919.
  • Mertz HJ, Patrick LM. Strength and response of the human neck. Stapp Car Crash J. 1971:15.
  • Mertz HJ, Irwin AL, Prasad P. Biomechanical and scaling bases for frontal and side impact injury assessment reference values. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:155–188.
  • Naunheim RS, Bayly PV, Standeven J, Neubauer JS, Lewis LM, Genin GM. Linear and angular head accelerations during heading of a soccer ball. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1406–1412.
  • NHTSA. Laboratory Test Procedure for FMVSS 208, Occupant Crash Protection. In: Transportation USDo. Washington, DC: Author; 2005:A–10.
  • Norris SH, Watt I. The prognosis of neck injuries resulting from rear-end vehicle collisions. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1983;65(5):608–611.
  • Ono K, Kanno M. Influences of the physical parameters on the risk to neck injuries in low impact speed rear-end collisions. Accid Anal Prev. 1996;28(4):493–499.
  • Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Baisden J. Characterizing occipital condyle loads under high-speed head rotation. Stapp Car Crash J. 2005;49:33–47.
  • Porter KM. Neck sprains after car accidents. BMJ. 1989;298(6679):973–974.
  • Quinlan KP, Annest JL, Myers B, Ryan G, Hill H. Neck strains and sprains among motor vehicle occupants-United States, 2000. Accid Anal Prev. 2004;36(1):21–27.
  • Seacrist T, Arbogast KB, Maltese MR, et al. Kinetics of the cervical spine in pediatric and adult volunteers during low speed frontal impacts. J Biomech. 2012;45(1):99–106.
  • Siegmund GP, King DJ, Lawrence JM, Wheeler JB, Brault JR, Smith TA. Head/neck kinematic response of human subjects in low-speed rear-end collisions. Stapp Car Crash J. 1997;41.
  • Siegmund GP, Sanderson DJ, Myers BS, Inglis JT. Awareness affects the response of human subjects exposed to a single whiplash-like perturbation. Spine. 2003;28(7):671–679.
  • Szabo TJ, Welcher JB, Anderson RD, et al. Human occupant kinematic response to low speed rear-end impacts. Warrendale, PA: SAE International Congress and Exposition; 1994. SAE 940532:23–35.
  • Thunnissen J, Wismans J, Ewing CL, Thomas DJ. Human volunteer head-neck response in frontal flexion: a new analysis. Warrendale, PA: SAE Technical Paper Series; 1995. SAE 952721:439–460.
  • Wismans J, Spenny CH. Head-neck response in frontal flexion. Stapp Car Crash J. 1984;28:161–171.
  • Wismans J, van Oorschot H, Wolting HJ. Omni-directional human head-neck response. Stapp Car Crash J. 1986;30:313–331.
  • Wismans J, Philippens M, van Oorschot E, Kallieris D, Matten R. Comparison of human volunteer and cadaver head-neck response in frontal flexion. Stapp Car Crash J. 1987;31:1–13.
  • van den Kroonenberg A, Philippens M, Cappon H, Wismans J, Hell W, Langwieder K. Human head-neck response during low-speed rear end impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 1998;42.
  • Vijaykumar V, Scher I, Gloeckner D, et al. Head kinematics and upper neck loading during simulated low-speed rear end collisions: a comparison with vigorous activities of daily living. Warrendale, PA: SAE Technical Paper Series; 2006:2006-01-0247.
  • Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Stemper BD, Schlick MB, Philippens M, Wismans J. Biomechanics of human occupants in simulated rear crashes: documentation of neck injuries and comparison of injury criteria. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:189–204.
  • Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Zhang J, Stemper BD, Philippens M. Upper neck forces and moments and cranial angular accelerations in lateral impact. Ann Biomed Eng. 2008;36(3):406–414.
  • Yoganandan N, Maiman DJ, Guan Y, Pintar F. Importance of physical properties of the human head on head-neck injury metrics. Traffic Inj Prev. 2009;10(5):488–496.
  • Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Moore J, Rinaldi J, Schlick M, Maiman DJ. Upper and lower neck loads in belted human surrogates in frontal impacts. Ann Adv Automot Med. 2012;56:125–136.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.