The effects of drug and alcohol consumption on driver injury severities in single-vehicle crashes

References

• Al-Abdallat I, Al Ali R, Hudaib A, Salameh G, Salameh R, Idhair A. The prevalence of alcohol and psychotropic drugs in fatalities of road-traffic accidents in Jordan during 2008–2014. J Forensic Leg Med. 2016;39:130–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anastasopoulos P, Mannering F. An empirical assessment of fixed and random parameter logit models using crash- and non-crash-specific injury data. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43:1140–1147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson B, Rizzo M, Block R, Pearlson G, O'Leary D. Sex differences in the effects of marijuana on simulated driving performance. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2010;42:19–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asbridge M, Hayden J, Cartwright J. Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis. Br Med J. 2012;344:e536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behnood A, Mannering F. The temporal stability of factors affecting driver-injury severities in single-vehicle crashes: some empirical evidence. Anal Methods Accid Res. 2015;8:7–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behnood A, Mannering F. An empirical assessment of the effects of economic recessions on pedestrian-injury crashes using mixed and latent-class models. Anal Methods Accid Res. 2016;12:1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behnood A, Roshandeh A, Mannering F. Latent class analysis of the effects of age, gender, and alcohol consumption on driver-injury severities. Anal Methods Accid Res. 2014;3–4:56–91.
   Google Scholar
• Bhat C. Simulation estimation of mixed discrete choice models using randomized and scrambled Halton sequences. Transp Res Part B Methodol. 2003;37:837–855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogstrand S, Larsson M, Holtan A, Staff T, Vindenes V, Gjerde H. Associations between driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, speeding and seatbelt use among fatally injured car drivers in Norway. Accid Anal Prev. 2015;78:14–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callaghan R, Gatley J, Veldhuizen S, Lev-Ran S, Mann R, Asbridge M. Alcohol- or drug-use disorders and motor vehicle accident mortality: a retrospective cohort study. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;53:149–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen F, Chen S. Injury severities of truck drivers in single- and multi-vehicle accidents on rural highways. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43:1677–1688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christophersen A, Gjerde H. Prevalence of alcohol and drugs among motorcycle riders killed in road crashes in Norway during 2001–2010. Accid Anal Prev. 2015;80:236–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downey L, King R, Papafotiou K, et al. The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated driving: influences of dose and experience. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;50:879–886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuPont R, Voas R, Walsh J, Shea C, Talpins S, Neil M. The need for drugged driving per se laws: a commentary. Traffic Inj Prev. 2012;13:31–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjerde H, Normann P, Christophersen A, Samuelsen S, Mørland J. Alcohol, psychoactive drugs and fatal road traffic accidents in Norway: a case–control study. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43:1197–1203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustavsen I, Bramness J, Skurtveit S, Engeland A, Neutel I, Mørland J. Road traffic accident risk related to prescriptions of the hypnotics zopiclone, zolpidem, flunitrazepam and nitrazepam. Sleep Med. 2008;9:818–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman R, Huestis M. Cannabis effects on driving skills. Clin Chem. 2013;59:478–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetland A, Carr D. Medications and impaired driving. Ann Pharmacother. 2014;48:494–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam S, Mannering F. Driver aging and its effect on male and female single-vehicle accident injuries: some additional evidence. J Safety Res. 2006;37:267–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J-K, Ulfarsson G, Kim S, Shankar V. Driver-injury severity in single-vehicle crashes in California: a mixed logit analysis of heterogeneity due to age and gender. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;50:1073–1081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kweon Y-J, Kockelman K. Driver attitudes and choices: speed limits, seat belt use, and drinking-and-driving. Transp Res Forum. 2006;45(3):39–56.
   Google Scholar
• Laude J, Fillmore M. Simulated driving performance under alcohol: effects on driver-risk versus driver-skill. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;154:271–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li K, Simons-Morton B, Gee B, Hingson R. Marijuana-, alcohol-, and drug-impaired driving among emerging adults: changes from high school to one-year post-high school. J Safety Res. 2016;58:15–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maistros A, Schneider WH IV, Savolainen PT. A comparison of contributing factors between alcohol related single vehicle motorcycle and car crashes. J Safety Res. 2014;49:129–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannering F, Bhat C. Analytic methods in accident research: methodological frontier and future directions. Anal Methods Accid Res. 2014;1:1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Mannering F, Shankar V, Bhat C. Unobserved heterogeneity and the statistical analysis of highway accident data. Anal Methods Accid Res. 2016;11:1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden D. Econometric Models for Probabilistic Choice. Structural Analysis of Discrete Data Using Econometric Applications. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1981.
   Google Scholar
• McFadden D, Ruud P. Estimation by simulation. Rev Econ Stat. 1994;76:591–608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton J, Shankar V, Mannering F. Highway accident severities and the mixed logit model: an exploratory empirical analysis. Accid Anal Prev. 2008;40:260–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan A, Mannering F. The effects of road-surface conditions, age, and gender on driver-injury severities. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43:1852–1863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz H, Fiorentino D. A Review of Literature on the Effects of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving-Related Skills. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• NHTSA. Traffic Safety Facts: Alcohol-Impaired Driving. Washington, DC: Author; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Penning R, Veldstra J, Daamen A, Verster J. Drugs of abuse, driving and traffic safety. Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2010;3:23–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phillips D, Brewer K. The relationship between serious injury and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in fatal motor vehicle accidents: BAC = 0.01% is associated with significantly more dangerous accidents than BAC = 0.00%. Addiction. 2011;106:1614–1622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savolainen P, Mannering F, Lord D, Quddus M. The statistical analysis of highway crash-injury severities: a review and assessment of methodological alternatives. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43:1666–1676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar V, Mannering F. An exploratory multinomial logit analysis of single-vehicle motorcycle accident severity. J Safety Res. 1996;27(3):183–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson H, Mayhew D, Warren R. Epidemiology of road accidents involving young adults: alcohol, drugs and other factors. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1982;10:35–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stübig T, Petri M, Zeckey C, et al. Alcohol intoxication in road traffic accidents leads to higher impact speed difference, higher ISS and MAIS, and higher preclinical mortality. Alcohol. 2012;46:681–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Train K. Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Washington S, Karlaftis M, Mannering F. Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis; 2011.
   Google Scholar