Administrative license suspension: Does length of suspension matter?

References

• Barrett P. Structural equation modeling: Adjudging model fit. Pers Individ Diff. 2007;42:815–824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck KH, Rauch WJ, Baker EA, Williams AF. Effects of ignition interlock license restrictions on drivers with multiple alcohol offenses: A randomized trial in Maryland. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(11):1696–1700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernat DH, Dunsmuir WTM, Wagenaar AC. Effects of lowering the legal BAC to 0.08 on single-vehicle-nighttime fatal traffic crashes in 19 jurisdictions. Accid Anal Prev. 2004;36:1089–1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen KA. Structural Equations With Latent Variables. New York, NY: John Wiley; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Dang JN. Statistical analysis of alcohol-related driving trends, 1982–2005. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Dee TS. Does setting limits save lives? The case of 0.08 BAC Laws. J Policy Anal Manage. 2001;20(1):111–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fell JC, Fisher DA, Voas RB, Blackman K, Tippetts AS. The impact of underage drinking laws on alcohol-related fatal crashes of young drivers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009;33(7):1208–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fell JC, Scherer M, Thomas S, Voas RB. Effectiveness of social host and fake identification laws on reducing underage drinking driver fatal crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15(Suppl 1):S64–S73. doi:10.1080/15389588.2014.928929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fell JC, Tippetts AS, Voas RB. Fatal traffic crashes involving drinking drivers: What have we learned? Ann Adv Automoti Med. 2009;53:63–76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fell JC, Voas RB. Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD): The first 25 years. Traffic Inj Prev. 2006;7(3):195–212. doi:10.1080/15389580802335273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs JP. Crime, Punishment and Deterrence. New York, NY: E. Isevich; 1975.
   Google Scholar
• Hingson R, Heeren T, Winter M. Effects of recent 0.08% legal blood alcohol limits on fatal crash involvement. Inj Prev. 2000;6(2):109–114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Homel, R. Penalties and the drink-driver: A study of one thousand offenders. Austr N Z J Criminol. 1981;14:225–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6:56–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jöreskog KG. Testing a simple structure hypotheses in factor analysis. Psycometrica 1966;31:165–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jöreskog KG. Some contributions to maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psycometrica 1967;32:443–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jöreskog KG. A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psycometrica 1969;34:183–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein TM. Changes in alcohol-involved fatal crashes associated with tougher state alcohol legislation. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychol Methods. 1996;1(2):130–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques PR, Tippetts AS, Voas RB, Beirness DJ. Predicting repeat DUI offenses with the alcohol interlock recorder. Accid Anal Prev. 2001;33(5):609–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCartt AT, Leaf WA, Farmer CM, Eichelberger AH. Washington State's alcohol ignition interlock law: Effects on recidivism among first-time DUI offenders. Traffic Inj Prev. 2013;14(3):215–229. doi:10.1080/15389588.2012.708885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration. Fatality analysis reporting system data files, 1982–2013. 2015. Available at: http://www.nhtsa.gov/FARS
   Google Scholar
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Digest of Impaired Driving and Selected Beverage Control Laws, 24th ed. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS): Detailing the factors behind traffic fatalities on our roads. 2014. Available at: http://www.nhtsa.gov/FARS
   Google Scholar
• National Transportation Safety Board. Reaching zero: Actions to eliminate alcohol-impaired driving [Safety Report]. NTSB/SR-13/01 PB2013-106566. Washington, DC: National Transportation Safety Board; 2013. Available at: http://www.ntsb.gov/safety/safety-studies/Documents/SR1301.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Paulsrude S, Klingberg C. License suspension: A paper tiger? Olympia, WA: Washington State Research and Technology Division, Department of Motor Vehicles; 1975.
   Google Scholar
• Peck RC, Wilson RJ, Sutton L. Driver license strategies for controlling the persistent DUI offender—Background paper. In: Transportation Research Board Workshop on the Persistent Drunk Driver. Woods Hole, MA: Transportation Research Board; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Raub RA, Lucke RE, Wark RI. Breath alcohol ignition interlock devices: Controlling the recidivist. Traffic Inj Prev. 2003;4(3):199–205.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ross HL. Deterring the Drinking Driver: Legal Policy and Social Control, 2nd ed. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books; 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Ross HL, Voas RB. The new Philadelphia story: The effects of severe punishment for drunk driving. Law Policy. 1990;12(1):51–79.
   Google Scholar
• Scherer M, Fell JC, Thomas S, Voas RB. Effects of dram shop, responsible beverage service training, and state alcohol control laws on underage drinking driver fatal crash ratios. Traffic Inj Prev. 2015;16(Suppl 2):S59–S65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Alao MO, Carande-Kulis VG, … Thompson RS. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Am J Prev Med. 2001;21(4 Suppl):66–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian R. Transitioning to Multiple Imputation—A New Method to Estimate Missing Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Values in FARS. DOT HS 809 403. Washington, DC: Mathematical Analysis Division, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation; 2002. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/809-403.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Tippetts AS, Voas RB. Odds that an involved driver was drinking: Best indicator of an alcohol-related crash? In: Mayhew DR, Dussault C, eds. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, Vol. 1. Montreal, Canada: Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec; 2002:67–71.
   Google Scholar
• Tippetts AS, Voas RB, Fell JC, Nichols JL. A meta-analysis of.08 BAC laws in 19 jurisdictions in the United States. Accid Anal Prev. 2005;37(1):149–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voas RB, Fell JC, Tippetts AS, Blackman K, Nichols J. Impact of primary safety belt laws on alcohol-related front-seat occupant fatalities: Five case studies. Traffic Inj Prev. 2007;8(3):232–243.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Voas RB, Tippetts AS, Fell J. Assessing the effectiveness of minimum legal drinking age and zero tolerance laws in the United States. Accid Anal Prev. 2003;35(4):579–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voas RB, Tippetts AS, Fell JC. The relationship of alcohol safety laws to drinking drivers in fatal crashes. Accid Anal Prev. 2000;32(4):483–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voas RB, Torres P, Romano E, Lacey JH. Alcohol-related risk of driver fatalities: An update using 2007 data. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012;73(3):341–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenaar AC, Maldonado-Molina M, Ma L, Tobler A, Komro K. Effects of legal BAC limits on fatal crash involvement: Analyses of 28 states from 1976 through 2002. J Safety Res. 2007;38:493–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenaar AC, Maldonado-Molina MM. Effects of drivers' license suspension policies on alcohol-related crash involvement: Long-term follow-up in forty-six states. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31(8):1399–1406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenaar AC, Zobeck TS, Hingson R, Williams GD. Studies of control efforts: A meta-analysis from 1960 through 1991. Accid Anal Prev. 1995. 27, 1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zador PK, Lund AK, Field M, Weinberg K. Alcohol-Impaired Driving Laws and Fatal Crash Involvement. Washington, DC: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety; 1988.
   Google Scholar