References
- Bambach MR, Mitchell RJ, Grzebieta RH, Olivier J. The effectiveness of helmets in bicycle collisions with motor vehicles: a case–control study. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;53:78–88.
- Bromell RJ, Geddis DC. Child cyclists: a study of factors affecting their safety. J Paediatr Child Health. 2017;53:145–148.
- Cameron M, Heiman L, Neiger D. Evaluation of the Bicycle Helmet Wearing Law in Victoria during Its First 12 Months. Monash University Accident Research Centre; 1992. Report No 32. Available at: http://www.monash.edu/_data/assets/pdf_file/0019/217153/muarc032.pdf Accessed November 4, 2016.
- Cameron M, Newstead S, Vulcan P, Finch C. Effects of the compulsory bicycle helmet wearing law in Victoria during its first three years. In: DC Andreassen, G Rose, eds. Proceedings of the Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety and Travel Workshop. Melbourne: Australian Road Research Board (ARRB); 1994:165–176.
- Cripton PA, Dressler DM, Stuart CA, Dennison CR, Richards D. Bicycle helmets are highly effective at preventing head injury during head impact: head-form accelerations and injury criteria for helmeted and unhelmeted impacts. Acc Anal Prev. 2014;70:1–7.
- Cummings P, Rivara FP, Thompson DC, Thompson RS. Misconceptions regarding case–control studies of bicycle helmets and head injury. Accid Anal Prev. 2006;38:636–643.
- DiGuiseppi CG, Rivara FP, Koepsell TD, Polissar L. Bicycle helmet use by children: evaluation of a community-wide helmet campaign. JAMA. 1989;262:2256–2261.
- Dill J, McNeil N. Four types of cyclists? Examination of typology for better understanding of bicycle behavior and potential. Transport Res Rec. 2013;2387:129–138.
- Elvik R. Corrigendum to: “Publication bias and time-trend bias in meta-analysis of bicycle helmet efficacy: a re-analysis of Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001” [Accid Anal Prev 10 2011;43:1245–51]. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;60:245–253.
- Finch CF, Heiman L, Neiger D. Bicycle Use and Helmet Wearing Rates in Melbourne, 1987 to 1992: The Influence of the Helmet Wearing Law. Monash University Accident Research Centre; 1993. Report No 45. Available at: http://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/217051/muarc045.pdf Accessed November 4, 2016.
- Greenberg RS, Daniels SR, Flanders DW, Eley JW, Boring JR. Medical Epidemiology. 3rd ed. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange; 2001.
- Holcomb WL, Chaiworapongsa T, Luke DA, Burgdorf KD. An odd measure of risk: use and misuse of the odds ratio. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98:685–688.
- Marshall SW. Injury case–control studies using “other injuries” as controls. Epidemiology. 2008;19:277–279.
- McDermott FT, Lane JC, Brazenor GA, Debney EA. The effectiveness of bicyclist helmets: a study of 1710 casualties. J Trauma. 1993;34:834–845.
- McIntosh AS, Lai A, Schilter E. Bicycle helmets:head impact dynamics in helmeted and unhelmeted oblique impact tests. Traffic Inj Prev. 2013;14:501–508.
- McNally DS, Whitehead S. A computational simulation study of the influence of helmet wearing on head injury risk in adult cyclists. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;60:15–23.
- Netherlands Institute for Social Research. Mobility Research Netherlands; 2008. Available at: https://www.scp.nl/Onderzoek/Bronnen/Beknopte_onderzoeksbeschrijvingen/Mobiliteitsonderzoek_Nederland_MON. Accessed November 4, 2008.
- Olivier J, Creighton P. Bicycle injuries and helmet use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2017;46:278–292.
- Ormel W, Klein Wolt K, den Hertog P. Enkelvoudige Fietsongevallen: Een LIS-vervolgonderzoek [Single bicycle accidents: An LIS follow-up study]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Consument & Veiligheid; 2008. Available at: http://www.fietsberaad.nl/library/repository/bestanden/Onderzoek_Enkelvoudige_fietsongevallen.pdf. Accessed November 4, 2016.
- Robinson DL. Head injuries and bicycle helmet laws. Accid Anal Prev. 1996;28:463–475.
- Romanow NR, Hagel BE, Williamson J, Rowe BH. Cyclist head and facial injury risk in relation to helmet fit: a case–control study. Chronic Dis Inj Can. 2014;31:1–7.
- Sistrom CL, Garvan CW. Proportions, odds and risks. Radiology. 2004;230:12–19.
- Smith NC, Milthorpe FW. An Observational Survey of Law Compliance and Helmet Wearing by Bicyclists in New South Wales—1993. Roads and Traffic Authority; 1993. Available at: http://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/documents/roads/bicycles/bicycles-law-compliance-helmet-use-nsw-1993.pdf. Accessed November 4, 2016.
- Thompson DC, Thompson RS, Rivara FP, Wolf ME. A case–control study of the effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets in preventing facial injury. Am J Public Health. 1990;80:1471–1474.
- Thompson RS, Rivara FP, Thompson DC. A case–control study of the effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:1361–1367.
- Woolsgrove C. Helmet Effectiveness Research Forced to Go Back to the Drawing Board. European Cyclists Federation; 2015. Available at: https://ecf.com/news-and-events/news/helmet-effectiveness-research-forced-go-back-drawing-board. Accessed November 4, 2016.
- Zeegers T. Overestimation of the effectiveness of the bicycle helmet by the use of odds ratios. Paper presented at: International Cycling Safety Conference; 2015; 1–15 Hanover, Germany.
- Zhang J, Yu KF. What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA. 1998;280:1690–1691.