References
- Acosta S, Ash J, Lessely D, Shaw C, Heltzel S, Crandall J. Comparison of whole body response in oblique and full frontal sled tests. Paper presented at: IRCOBI Conference; 2016; Malaga, Spain.
- American College of Radiology. ACR–SPR–SSR practice parameter for the performance of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) bone densitometry. 2013. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/QCT.pdf.
- Bose D, Segui-Gomez M, Crandall JR. Vulnerability of female drivers involved in motor vehicle crashes: an analysis of U.S. population at risk. Am J Public Health. 2011;101:2368–2373.
- Bruno AG, Broe KE, Zhang X, et al. Vertebral size, bone density, and strength in men and women matched for age and areal spine BMD. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29:562–569.
- Eppinger R., Marcus J, Morgan R. Development of dummy and injury index for NHTSA's thoracic side impact protection research program. Paper presented at: Government/Industry Meeting and Exposition; 1984; Washington, DC.
- Evans L. Female compared with male fatality risk from similar physical impacts. J Trauma. 2001;50:281–288.
- Humm JR, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, et al. Responses and injuries to PMHS in side-facing and oblique seats in horizontal longitudinal sled tests per FAA emergency landing conditions. Stapp Car Crash J. 2016;60:135–163.
- John JD, Yoganandan N, Arun MWJ, Saravana Kumar G. Influence of morphological variations on cervical spine segmental responses from inertial loading. Traffic Inj Prev. 2018;19:S29–S36.
- Kuppa S, Eppinger RH, McKoy F, Nguyen T, Pintar FA, Yoganandan N. Development of side impact thoracic injury criteria and their application to the modified ES-2 dummy with rib extensions (ES-2re). Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:189–210.
- Lefever DW. Measuring geographic concentration by means of the standard deviational ellipse. Am J Sociol. 1926;32:88–94.
- Liguoro D, Vandermeersch B, Guerin J. Dimensions of cervical vertebral bodies according to age and sex. Surg Radiol Anat. 1994;16:149–155.
- Mosekilde L, Mosekilde L. Sex differences in age-related changes in vertebral body size, density and biomechanical competence in normal individuals. Bone. 1990;11:67–73.
- Parenteau CS, Zhang P, Holcombe S, Wang S. Characterization of vertebral angle and torso depth by gender and age groups with a focus on occupant safety. Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15:66–72.
- Parenteau CS, Zuby D, Brolin K, Svensson M, Palmertz C, Wang S. Restrained male and female occupants in frontal crashes: are we different? Paper presented at: IRCOBI Conference; 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Shaw G, Lessley D, Ash J, et al. Small female rib cage fracture in frontal sled tests. Traffic Inj Prev. 2017;18:77–82.
- Shaw G, Parent D, Purtsezov S, et al. Impact response of restrained PMHS in frontal sled tests: skeletal deformation patterns under seat belt loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:1–48.
- Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Gender dependent cervical spine segmental kinematics during whiplash. J Biomech. 2003;36:1281–1289.
- Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Gender- and region-dependent local facet joint kinematics in rear impact: implications in whiplash injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29:1764–1771.
- Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, et al. Anatomical gender differences in cervical vertebrae of size-matched volunteers. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33:E44–E49.
- Wang B, Shi W, Miao Z. Confidence analysis of standard deviational ellipse and its extension into higher dimensional Euclidean space. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0118537.
- Welsh R, Lenard J. Male and female car drivers—differences in collision and injury risks. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2001;45:73–91.
- Yoganandan N, Arun MW, Pintar FA. Normalizing and scaling of data to derive human response corridors from impact tests. J Biomech. 2014;47:1749–1756.
- Yoganandan N, Bass CR, Voo L, Pintar FA. Male and female cervical spine biomechanics and anatomy: implication for scaling injury criteria. ASME. J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(5):054502–054502-5.
- Yoganandan N, Knowles SA, Maiman DJ, Pintar FA. Anatomic study of the morphology of human cervical facet joint. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28:2317–2323.
- Young J, Chandler R, Snow C, Robinette K, Zehner G, Loftberg M. Anthropometric and Mass Distribution Characteristics of the Adult Female. FAA Civil Aeromedical Institute; 1983. 103 p. Report No. FAA-AM-83-16.