References
- Beck B, Brown J, Bilston LE. 2011. Variations in rear seat cushion properties and the effects on submarining. Traffic Inj Prev. 12(1):54–61. doi:10.1080/15389588.2010.523099
- Coxon K, Keay L, Fong CK, Clarke E, Brown J. 2014. The use of seat belt cushion accessories among drivers aged 75 years and older. Proceedings of the 2014 Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference. Melbourne, Australia.
- Digges K, Dalmotas D. 2007. Benefits of a low severity frontal crash test. In: 51st Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Melbourne, Australia; 19.
- Digges K, Dalmotas D, Prasad P. 2013. An NCAP star rating system for older occupants. In: The 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Seoul, South Korea; 11.
- Eby DW, Molnar LJ. 2012. Has the time come for an older driver vehicle? Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
- Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, et al. 1999. Development of improved injury criteria for the assessment of advanced automotive restraint systems - II. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Washington DC, United States.
- Fildes BN. 2008. Future directions for older driver research. Traffic Inj Prev. 9(4):387–393. doi:10.1080/15389580802272435
- Fong CK, Keay L, Coxon K, Clarke E, Brown J. 2016. Seat belt use and fit among drivers aged 75 years and older in their own vehicles. Traffic Inj Prev. 17(2):142–150. doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.1052420
- Håland Y, Nilson G. 1991. Seat belt pretensioners to avoid the risk of submarining: a study of lap-belt slippage factors. Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). Paris, France; [accessed 2019 May 22]. http://wbldb.lievers.net/10091104.html.
- Herriotts P. 2005. Identification of vehicle design requirements for older drivers. Appl. Ergon.36(3):255–262. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2005.01.002
- Horsch JD, Hering WE. 1989. A kinematic analysis of lap-belt submarining for test dummies. SAE Trans. 98:1847–1854.
- ITARDA 2014. Injuries to older passengers in traffic accidents. How can we reduce the risk of fatalities and serious injuries? ITARDA Information No. 104. Tokyo, Japan: Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA).
- Kent R, Lee S-H, Darvish K, Wang S, Poster CS, Lange AW, Brede C, Lange D, Matsuoka F. 2005. Structural and material changes in the aging thorax and their role in crash protection for older occupants. Stapp Car Crash J. 49:231–249.
- Kent R, Patrie J, Benson N. 2003. The hybrid III dummy as a discriminator of injurious and non-injurious restraint loading. 47th Annual Proceedings Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Lisbon, Portugal; 25.
- Kent R, Trowbridge M, Lopez-Valdes FJ, Ordoyo RH, Segui-Gomez M. 2009. How many people are injured and killed as a result of aging? Frailty, fragility, and the elderly risk-exposure tradeoff assessed via a risk saturation model. Ann Adv Automot Med. 53:10.
- Kent RW, Purtsezov SV, Pilkey WD. 2007. Limiting performance analysis of a seat belt system with slack. Int J Impact Eng. 34(8):1382–1395. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.07.002
- Leung YC, Tarrière C, Fayon A, Mairesse P, Delmas A, Banzet P. A comparison between part 572 dummy and human subject in the problem of submarining. In: San Diego, California; 1979. [accessed 2019 May 22]. https://www.sae.org/content/791026/.
- Luet C, Trosseille X, Drazétic P, Potier P, Vallancien G. Kinematics and dynamics of the pelvis in the process of submarining using PMHS sled tests. In: Savannah, Georgia; 2012. [accessed 2019 Jun 10]. https://www.sae.org/content/2012-22-0011/.
- Standards Australia Limited/Standards New Zealand. 2016. Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 1754:2013. Child restraint systems for use in motor vehicles. Sydney, Australia: SAI Global Limited.