Time and temperature sensitivity of the hybrid III lumbar spine

References

• Alem NM, Shanahan DF, Barson JV, Muzzy IIW. 1991. The Airbag as a Supplement to Standard Restraint Systems in the AH-1 and AH-64 Attack Helicopters and Its Role in Reducing Head Strikes of the Copilot/Gunner. Volume 1. Ft Rucker, AL: US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Bass C, Salzar R, Ash J, Ziemba A, Lucas S, Peterson R, Pierce E, Price B. 2007. Dynamics models for the assessment of spinal injury from repeated impact in high speed planing boats. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference;
   Google Scholar
• Bass CR, Salzar R, Ziemba Z, Lucas SR, Peterson R. 2005. The modeling and measurement of humans in high speed planing boats under repeated vertical impacts. International Research Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact (IRCOBI); September
   Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Wickramasinghe V, Zimcik D. 2015. Development and evaluation of hybrid seat cushions for helicopter aircrew vibration mitigation. J Intell Mater Syst Struct. 26(13):1633–1645. doi:10.1177/1045389X14566522
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury MR, Crawford DM. 2018. WIAMan ATD Polymeric Material Characterization for Under-Body Blast Environment Simulation. In: Kimberley J, Lamberson L, Mates S, editors. Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1. Springer; p. 57–61.
   Google Scholar
• Ciullo PA, Hewitt N. 1999. The Rubbery Formulary. Norwich, New York: Noyes Publications;
   Google Scholar
• Code of Federal Regulations. 1986. Hybrid III Test Dummy. CFR Title 49: Transportation. Subtitle B, Chapter V, Part 572, Subpart E.
   Google Scholar
• Danelson KA, Kemper AR, Mason MJ, Tegtmeyer M, Swiatkowski SA, Bolte JH, IV, Hardy WN. Comparison of ATD to PMHS response in the under-body blast environment. SAE Technical Paper; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Dickie RA, Cheung M-F. 1973. Heterogeneous polymer–polymer composites. III. Viscoelastic properties of acrylic polyblends. J Appl Polym Sci. 17(1):79–94. doi:10.1002/app.1973.070170106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster J, Kortge J, Wolanin M. 1994. Hybrid III-a biomechanically-based crash test dummy. In: Backaitis SH, Mertz HJ, editors. Hybrid III: The first human-like crash test dummy. Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.; 1994:49–64. SAE 770938
   Google Scholar
• Gowdy V, DeWeese R, Beebe MS, Wade B, Duncan J, Kelly R, Blaker JL. A Lumbar Spine Modification to the Hybrid III ATD For Aircraft Seat Tests. SAE Technical Paper; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Hooper C. 1964. Low-temperature elastic behavior of fourteen compounded elastomers. Huntsville, AL: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center;
   Google Scholar
• NATO HFM-090 Task Group 25. ADA473218: Test methodology for protection of vehicle occupants against anti-vehicular landmine effects. 2007.
   Google Scholar
• NHTSA. 1998. Laboratory Test Procedure for FMVSS 208S-01: Occupant Crash Protection Sled Tests.
   Google Scholar
• NHTSA. 2008. Laboratory Test Procedure for FMVSS 208-14: Occupant Crash Protection.
   Google Scholar
• NHTSA. 1997. Parts List and Drawings, Subpart E, Hybrid III 50th Percentile Male.
   Google Scholar
• Oglesby DB. 1998. Human male and female biodynamic response to underwater explosion events: Mechanical Engineering, Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School.
   Google Scholar
• Pettibone MJ, Heydinger GJ, Guenther DA, Tanner CB, Wiechel JF. An investigation of thermal effects on the hybrid III thorax utilizing finite element method. SAE Technical Paper; 2001. p. 0148–7191.
   Google Scholar
• SAE Dummy Testing and Equipment Committee. 2017. SAE J3074_201702: Lumbar Flexion Test Procedure for the Hybrid III 50th Male Dummy. SAE International;
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt AL, Ortiz-Paparoni MA, Shridharani JK, Nightingale RW, Bass CR. 2018. Time and temperature sensitivity of the Hybrid III neck. Traffic Inj Prev. 19(6):657–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stammen J, Rhule D. Temperature sensitivity of the Hybrid III 5th percentile female dummy: Time constants and component responses. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2001. HS-809 390, NHTSA Technical Report.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Kerrigan J, Lessley D, Seppi J, Riley P, Foltz P, Lockerby J, Overby B, Sowers C, Crandall J. 2013. Whole-body Kinematics: Response Comparison of the Hybrid III and Hybrid III Pedestrian ATD in DRoTS Rollover Tests. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury
   Google Scholar