The response of Military Lower Extremity and Hybrid III leg using the Hybrid III and EuroSID-2 ATD in vertical loading impacts

References

• Bailey AM, Christopher JJ, Salzar RS, Brozoski F. 2015. Comparison of Hybrid-III and postmortem human surrogate response to simulated underbody blast loading. J Biomech Eng. 137(5):051009. doi:https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4029981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker WA, Untaroiu C, Chowdhury M. 2016. Development of a finite element model of the WIAMan lower extremity to investigate under-body blast loads. Paper presented at: 14th International LS-DYNA Conference, Detroit, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Bir C, Barbir A, Dosquet F, Wilhelm M, Van der Horst M, Wolfe G. 2008. Validation of lower limb surrogates as injury assessment tools in floor impacts due to anti-vehicular land mines. Mil Med. 173(12):1180–1184. doi:https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed.173.12.1180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird R. 2001. Protection of vehicles against landmines. J. Battlefield Tech. 4:14–17.
   Google Scholar
• Gangani B, Vidye A. 2013. Development of cost effective footpad to mitigate lower leg injury during anti vehicle IED blast. SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1246.
   Google Scholar
• Levine RS, Manoli A, Prasad P. 1995. Ankle and foot injury scales: AFIS-S & AFIS-I. Paper presented in International Conference on Pelvic and Lower Extremity Injuries Proceedings, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Loftis K, Sandora K, Drewry D. 2021. Introduction to the WIAMan Biomechanics Program. Ann Biomed Eng. 49(11):2973–2974. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-021-02754-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mckay BJ. 2010. Development of lower extremity injury criteria and biomechanical surrogate to evaluate military vehicle occupant injury during an explosive blast event [PhD thesis]. Detroit (MA): Wayne State University.
   Google Scholar
• Mildon PJ, White D, Girdlestone C, Keirl J, McGeehin W, Dorn M, Sedman AJ, Masouros SD. 2018. Initial adaption of the injury risk of the human leg under high rate axial loading for use with a Hybrid III. Hum Factors Mech Eng Def Saf. 2(1):6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s41314-018-0011-3
   Google Scholar
• Newell N, Neal W, Pandelani TA, Reinecke JD, Proud WG, Masouros SD. 2016. The dynamic behaviour of the floor of a surrogate vehicle under explosive blast loading. J Mat Sci Res. 5(2):65–73.
   Google Scholar
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 2014. Procedures for evaluating the protection level of armoured vehicles—mine threat–Volume 2. NATO Report: AEP-55. Brussels, Belgium: NATO.
   Google Scholar
• Pandelani TA, Reinecke J, Philippens M, Dosquet F, Beetge F. 2010. The MiL-Lx lower leg when subjected to simulated vehicle under belly blast load conditions. Personal Armour Systems Symposium Quebec City, Canada, p. 10.
   Google Scholar
• Pandelani T, Reinecke J, Sono TJ, Ahmed R, Beetge FJ, Nkosi P, Dicks P, Nurick GN. 2014. The design of a modified lower limb impactor to assess lower limb injury at typical blast loading rates. [accessed 2021 April 12]. http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/handle/10204/7657.
   Google Scholar
• Pandelani T, Sono T, Reinecke J, Nurick G. 2016. Impact loading response of the MiL-Lx leg fitted with combat boots. Int J Impact Eng. 92:26–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quenneville CE, Fournier E, Shewchenko N. 2017. The effect of anthropomorphic test device lower leg surrogate selection on impact mitigating system evaluation in low- and high-rate loading conditions. Mil Med. 182(9):e1981–e1986. doi:https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramasamy A, Hill AM, Clasper JC. 2009. Improvised explosive devices: pathophysiology, injury profiles and current medical management. J R Army Med Corps. 155(4):265–272. Decdoi:https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-155-04-05
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van der Horst MJ, Simms CK, Van Maasdam R, Leerdam PJ. 2005. Occupant lower leg injury assessment in landmine detonations under a vehicle. In: IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications, Springer, Dordrecht; p. 41–49.
   Google Scholar
• Wang JJ, Bird R, Swinton B, Krstic A. 2001. Protection of lower limbs against floor impact in army vehicles experiencing landmine explosion. J Battlefield Tech. 4:11–15.
   Google Scholar
• Yoganandan N, Pintar F, Banerjee A, Schlick M, Chirvi S, Uppal H, Merkle A, Voo L, Kleinberger M. 2015. Hybrid III lower leg injury assessment reference curves under axial impacts using matched-pair tests. Biomed Sci Instrum. 51:230–237.
   Google Scholar
• Yoganandan N, Pintar F, Boynton M, Begeman P, Prasad P, Kuppa SM, Morgan RM, Eppinger RH. 1996. Dynamic axial tolerance of the human foot-ankle complex. SAE Technical Paper 962426.
   Google Scholar