197
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

An investigation of elderly occupant injury risks based on anthropometric changes compared to young counterparts

, , &
Pages S92-S98 | Received 04 Mar 2022, Accepted 09 Oct 2022, Published online: 21 Nov 2022

References

  • Albert DL, Katzenberger MJ, Agnew AM, Kemper AR. 2021. A comparison of rib cortical bone compressive and tensile material properties: trends with age, sex, and loading rate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 122:104668. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104668
  • ANSA 2022. BETA CAE Systems International AG, Platz 4, CH-6039 Root D4, Switzerland.
  • Antona-Makoshi J, Yamamoto Y, Kato R, Sato F, Ejima S, Dokko Y, Yasuki T. 2015. Age-dependent factors affecting thoracic response: a finite element study focused on Japanese elderly occupants. Traffic Inj Prev. 16 Suppl 1:S66–S74. doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.1014552
  • Arun MWJ, Hadagali P, Pintar F, Yoganandan N. 2018. Normalized frontal impact biofidelity kinematic corridors using post mortem human surrogates. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 79:20–29. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.007
  • Arun MWJ, Humm JR, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. 2015. Biofidelity evaluation of a restrained whole body finite element model under frontal impact using kinematics data from PMHS Sled Tests. IRCOBI Conference, Lyon France. IRC-15-69.
  • Cavanaugh JM, Nyquist GW, Goldberg SJ, King AI. 1986. Lower abdominal tolerance and response. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
  • Cicchino JB. 2015. Why have fatality rates among older drivers declined? The relative contributions of changes in survivability and crash involvement. Accid Anal Prev. 83:67–73. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.06.012
  • Creighton H. 2014. Europe’s aging demography. ILC-UK 2014 EU Factpack.
  • Ekambaram K, Frampton R. 2016. Effect of age on injury outcome in passenger car frontal crashes. In: European Conference on Human Centred Design for Intelligent Transport Systems, Loughborough, UK, 30th Jun–1st Jul.
  • El-jawahri R, Laituri T, Kim A. 2012. Further validation of age-dependent FE models of a mid-sized male thorax. SAE Int J Passeng Cars Mech Syst. 5(1):552–566. doi:10.4271/2012-01-0582
  • Eppinger R, Sun E, Bandak F, Haffner M, Khaewpong N, Maltese M, Kuppa S, Nguyen T, Takhounts E, Tannous R, et al. 1999. Development of improved injury criteria for the assessment of advanced automotive restraint systems – II. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  • Fischer B. 2006. Final report of the New Car Assessment Program tests of a 2007 Toyota Yaris. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation.
  • Fryar CD, Gu Q, Ogden CL, Flegal KM. 2016. Anthropometric reference data for children and adults; United States, 2011-2014. US Department of Health and Human Services. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and health statistics. Series 3, Number 39.
  • Gehre C, Gades H, Wernicke P. 2009. Objective rating of signals using test and simulation responses. 21st ESV Conference. Stuttgart, Germany.
  • Hardy WN, Schneider LW, Rouhana SW. 2001. Abdominal impact response to rigid-bar, seatbelt, and airbag loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 45:1–32.
  • Inamasu J, Kato M. 2018. Airbag deployment and cervical spine injury in restrained drivers following motor vehicle collisions. Neuroradiology. 60(12):1307–1313. doi:10.1007/s00234-018-2114-1
  • Iwamoto M, Nakahira Y, Kimpara H, Min K. 2013. Development of a finite element model of 5th percentile female with multiple muscles and its application to investigation on impact responses of elderly females. 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Jin X, K A, Hammad A, Khandelwal P, Porwal V, Shen M, Yang KH. 2018. Development and validation of whole‐body finite element occupant and pedestrian models of a 70‐year‐old female. IRCOBI Conference 2018, Athens (Greece). p. 261–283.
  • Johannsen H, Muller G. 2013. Accident and injury risks of elderly car occupants. ESV Conference, Seoul, Korea.
  • Kahane CJ. 2013. Injury vulnerability and effectiveness of occupant protection technologies for older occupants and women. NHTSA Technical Report DOT HS 811 766 4.
  • Karali S, Mansfield NJ, Gyi DE. 2017. An approach to vehicle design: in-depth audit to understand the needs of older drivers. Appl Ergon. 58:461–470. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.07.017
  • Katzenberger MJ, Albert DL, Agnew AM, Kemper AR. 2020. Effects of sex, age, and two loading rates on the tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 102:103410. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103410
  • Kemper AR, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Manoogian SJ, Rath AL, Ng TP, Stitzel JD, Smith EP, Duma SM, Matsuoka F. 2005. Material properties of human rib cortical bone from dynamic tension coupon testing. Stapp Car Crash J. 49:199–230.
  • Kent R, Lee SH, Darvish K, Wang S, Poster CS, Lange AW, Brede C, Lange D, Matsuoka F. 2005. Structural and material changes in the aging thorax and their role in crash protection for older occupants. Stapp Car Crash J. 49:231–249.
  • Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. 1971. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
  • Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. 1974. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax II. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
  • Laituri TR, Prasad P, Sullivan K, Frankstein M, Thomas RS. 2005. Derivation and evaluation of a provisional, age-dependent, AIS3+ thoracic risk curve for belted adults in frontal impacts. Warrendale, PA: SAE International.
  • Langford J, Koppel S. 2006. Epidemiology of older driver crashes – identifying older driver risk factors and exposure patterns. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 9(5):309–321. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2006.03.005
  • Larsson KJ, Blennow A, Iraeus J, Pipkorn B, Lubbe N. 2021. Rib cortical bone fracture risk as a function of age and rib strain: updated injury prediction using finite element human body models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 9:1–12. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.677768
  • Lee WY, Cameron PA, Bailey MJ. 2006. Road traffic injuries in the elderly. Emerg Med J. 23(1):42–46.
  • MATLAB. 2018. 9.7.0.1190202 (R2019b). Natick, MA: The MathWorks Inc.
  • Parr JC, Miller ME, Pellettiere JA, Erich RA. 2013. Neck injury criteria formulation and injury risk curves for the ejection environment: a pilot study. Aviat Space Environ Med. 84(12):1240–1248. doi:10.3357/asem.3722.2013
  • Peterson J, Dechow PC. 2003. Material properties of the human cranial vault and zygoma. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 274(1):785–797. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10096
  • Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Maiman DJ. 2010. Lower cervical spine loading in frontal sled tests using inverse dynamics: potential applications for lower neck injury criteria. Stapp Car Crash J. 54:133–166.
  • Pipkorn B, Iraeus J, Björklund M, Bunketorp O, Jakobsson L. 2019. Multi-scale validation of a rib fracture prediction method for human body models. IRCOBI Conference, Florence. p. 175–192.
  • Reed MP, Ebert-Hamilton SM. 2013. Elderly occupants: Posture, body shape, and belt fit. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute – Final report. UMTRI-2013-26. Sponsoring Agency – National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  • Schmidt G, Kallieris D, Barz J, Mattern R, Klaiber J. 1975. Neck and thorax tolerance levels of belt-protected occupants in head-on collisions. Warendale, PA: SAE International.
  • Schoell SL, Weaver AA, Urban JE, Jones DA, Stitzel JD, Hwang E, Reed MP, Rupp JD, Hu J. 2015a. Development and validation of an older occupant finite element model of a mid-sized male for investigation of age-related injury risk. Stapp Car Crash J. 59:359–383.
  • Schoell SL, Weaver AA, Urban JE, Jones DA, Stitzel JD, Hwang E, Reed MP, Rupp JD, Hu J, Vavalle NA, et al. 2015b. Age- and sex-specific thorax finite element model development and simulation. Traffic Inj Prev. 16 Suppl 1:S57–S65. doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.1005208
  • Takahashi Y, Kikuchi Y, Konosu A, Ishikawa H. 2000. Development and validation of the finite element model for the human lower limb of pedestrians. Stapp Car Crash J. 44:335–355.
  • Takhounts EG, Craig MJ, Moorhouse K, McFadden J, Hasija V. 2013. Development of brain injury criteria (BrIC). Stapp Car Crash J. 57:243–266.
  • Tamura A, Watanabe I, Miki K. 2005. Elderly human thoracic FE model development and validation. 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Washington DC, 6–9 June. https://trid.trb.org/view/815184
  • Thunert C. 2012. CORA Release 3.6 User’s Manual.
  • Umale S, Arun MWJ, Yoganandan N. 2018. Methodology to calculate chestband compressions in human body finite element models. IRCOBI Conference, Athens (Greece), 12–14 September.
  • Umale S, Khandelwal P, Humm J, Yoganandan N. 2020. Development and validation of an elderly human body model for frontal impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. 21:1–3.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. 2018. Annual estimates of the resident population by single year of age and sex for the United States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018. U.S. Census Bureau.
  • Weaver AA, Schoell SL, Stitzel JD. 2014. Morphometric analysis of variation in the ribs with age and sex. J Anat. 225(2):246–261. doi:10.1111/joa.12203
  • Wisch M, Lerner M, Vukovic E, Hynd D, Fiorentino A, Fornells A. 2017. Injury patterns of older car occupants, older pedestrians or cyclists in road traffic crashes with passenger cars in Europe – results from SENIORS. IRCOBI Conference, Antwerp (Belgium), 13–15 September.
  • Yamada H. 1970. Strength of biological materials. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins. p. 297.
  • Yoganandan N, Arun MW, Pintar FA. 2014. Normalizing and scaling of data to derive human response corridors from impact tests. J Biomech. 47(8):1749–1756. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.03.010.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.