The use of car safety seats for children in China: A questionnaire survey based on the theory of planned behavior

References

• Adu-Gyamfi G, Song H, Nketiah E, Obuobi B, Adjei M, Cudjoe D. 2022. Determinants of adoption intention of battery swap technology for electric vehicles. Energy. 251:123862. doi: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2022.123862.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen I, Madden TJ. 1986. Prediction of goal-directed behavior: attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. J Exp Soc Psychol. 22(5):453–474. doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(86)90045-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen I. 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 50(2):179–211. doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbari M, Lankarani KB, Tabrizi R, Heydari ST, Vali M, Motevalian SA, Sullman MJM. 2021. The effectiveness of mass media campaigns in increasing the use of seat belts: a systematic review. Traffic Inj Prev. 22(7):495–500. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1921168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson JC, Gerbing DW. 1988. Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychol Bull. 103(3):411–423. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AQISIQ, SAC. 2011. GB 27887-2011. http://c.gb688.cn/bzgk/gb/showGb?type=online&hcno=DFDCE27F042DD589B9C12D3E09467391
   Google Scholar
• Bachman SL, Salzman GA, Burke R v, Arbogast H, Ruiz P, Upperman JS. 2016. Observed child restraint misuse in a large, urban community: results from three years of inspection events. J Saf Res. 56:17–22. doi: 10.1016/J.JSR.2015.11.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentler PM, Bonett DG. 1980. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychol Bull. 88(3):588–606. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai W, Lei L, Zhou H, Wang Y, Peng J, Jin Y, Deng X. 2021. Child restraint system use and its associated factors in Shenzhen. Accid Anal Prev. 160:106321. doi: 10.1016/J.AAP.2021.106321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell H, Macdonald S, Richardson P. 1997. High levels of incorrect use of car seat belts and child restraints in fife–an important and under-recognised road safety issue. Inj Prev. 3(1):17–22. doi: 10.1136/IP.3.1.17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carnell S, Cooke L, Cheng R, Robbins A, Wardle J. 2011. Parental feeding behaviours and motivations. a qualitative study in mothers of UK pre-schoolers. Appetite. 57(3):665–673. doi: 10.1016/J.APPET.2011.08.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. 2019. Keep child passengers safe on the road. (https://www.cdc.gov/injury/features/child-passenger-safety/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ffeatures%2Fpassengersafety%2Findex.html).
   Google Scholar
• CDC. 2020. Leading causes of death. https://wisqars.cdc.gov/data/lcd/home
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhry A, Sanaullah I, Malik BZ, Klair AA. 2019. An investigation of awareness, perceptions, and usage of child car seats in Pakistan. J Transp Health. 13:247–258. doi: 10.1016/J.JTH.2019.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• China Report Hall. 2021. National Traffic Accident Statistics for 2021. http://m.chinabgao.com/k/jiaotongshigu/64897.html
   Google Scholar
• Christensen ASP, Meyer MKH, Dalum P, Krarup AF. 2019. Can a mass media campaign raise awareness of alcohol as a risk factor for cancer and public support for alcohol related policies? Prev Med. 126:105722. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.05.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman R, Welander G, Svanström L, Schelp L. 2001. Long-term effects of legislation and local promotion of child restraint use in motor vehicles in Sweden. Accid Anal Prev. 33(6):793–797. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(00)00093-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall A, Ho C, Keay L, McCaffery K, Hunter K, Charlton JL, Hayen A, Bilston L, Brown J. 2018. Barriers to correct child restraint use: a qualitative study of child restraint users and their needs. Saf Sci. 109:186–194. doi: 10.1016/J.SSCI.2018.05.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffrey J, Whelan J, Pirouz DM, Snowdon AW. 2016. Boosting safety behaviour: descriptive norms encourage child booster seat usage amongst low involvement parents. Accid Anal Prev. 92:184–188. doi: 10.1016/J.AAP.2016.03.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang K, Yang Z, Feng Z, Yu Z, Huang Z. 2020. Psychological predictors of seat belt usage among university student passengers and an examination of the differences between the front and rear seats. Traffic Inj Prev. 21(2):139–144. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1732361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawton R, Conner M, McEachan R. 2009. Desire or reason: predicting health behaviors from affective and cognitive attitudes. Health Psychol. 28(1):56–65. doi: 10.1037/A0013424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee LK, Farrell CA, Mannix R. 2015. Restraint use in motor vehicle crash fatalities in children 0 year to 9 years old. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 79(3 Suppl 1):S55–S60. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MC. 2009. Factors influencing the adoption of internet banking: an integration of TAM and TPB with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Electr Commerce Res Appl. 8(3):130–141. doi: 10.1016/J.ELERAP.2008.11.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li JB, Lau EYH, Chan DKC. 2022. Why do Hong Kong parents have low intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19? Testing health belief model and theory of planned behavior in a large-scale survey. Vaccine. 40(19):2772–2780. doi: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2022.03.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim SL, Teoh C, Zhao X, Umareddy I, Grillo V, Singh SS, Khouw I. 2020. Attitudes & beliefs that influence healthy eating behaviours among mothers of young children in Singapore: a cross-sectional study. Appetite. 148:104555. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Zhou H, Ma J, Wang C, Chen Z, Chen S, Yang Y, Liu X, Peng J, Duan L, et al. 2018. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to child safety restraint in citizens of Shenzhen Municipality, China, and the associations between these factors. Traffic Inj Prev. 19(1):42–48. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1329534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macy ML, Cunningham RM, Resnicow K, Freed GL. 2014. Disparities in age-appropriate child passenger restraint use among children aged 1 to 12 years. Pediatrics. 133(2):262–271. doi: 10.1542/PEDS.2013-1908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin N, Buykx P, Shevills C, Sullivan C, Clark L, Newbury-Birch D. 2018. Population level effects of a mass media alcohol and breast cancer campaign: a cross-sectional pre-intervention and post-intervention evaluation. Alcohol Alcohol. 53(1):31–38. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agx071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradi M, Khanjani N, Nabipour AR. 2016. An observational study of child safety seat use in an international safe community: Tehran, Iran. 10.1080/15389588.2016.1177638 18(1):88–94.
   Google Scholar
• Nazif-Munoz JI, Nikolic N. 2018. The effectiveness of child restraint and seat belt legislation in reducing child injuries: the case of Serbia. Traffic Inj Prev. 19(sup1):S7–S14. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1387254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nees MA, Herwig K, Quigley L, Zhang J. 2021. Relationships among driving styles, desire for control, illusion of control, and self-reported driving behaviors. Traffic Inj Prev. 22(5):372–377. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1909728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu L, Gao Y-M, Tian Y, Pan S-M. 2019. Safety awareness and use of child safety seats among parents after the legislation in Shanghai. Chin J Traumatol. 22(2):85–87. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.08.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NPC. 2020. Protection of Minors Law of the People’s Republic of China. http://jl.people.com.cn/n2/2020/1207/c349771-34459263.html.
   Google Scholar
• Rezaei R, Seidi M, Karbasioun M. 2019. Pesticide exposure reduction: extending the theory of planned behavior to understand Iranian farmers’ intention to apply personal protective equipment. Saf Sci. 120:527–537. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2019.07.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson EM, Moll EK, Kassam-Adams N, Miller GJ, Winston FK. 2002. Barriers to booster seat use and strategies to increase their use. Pediatrics. 110(4):729–736. doi: 10.1542/PEDS.110.4.729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson JC, Wren J, Chalmers DJ, Stephenson SCR. 2003. Examining child restraint use and barriers to their use: lessons from a pilot study. Inj Prev. 9(4):326–331. doi: 10.1136/IP.9.4.326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snowdon AW, Hussein A, High L, Stamler L, Millar-Polgar J, Patrick L, Ahmed E. 2008. The effectiveness of a multimedia intervention on parents’ knowledge and use of vehicle safety systems for children. J Pediatr Nurs. 23(2):126–139. doi: 10.1016/J.PEDN.2007.08.020.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzuki K, Tang K, Alhajyaseen W, Suzuki K, Nakamura H. 2022. An international comparative study on driving attitudes and behaviors based on questionnaire surveys. IATSS Res. 46(1):26–35. doi: 10.1016/J.IATSSR.2021.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan C, Shi Y, Bai L, Tang K, Suzuki K, Nakamura H. 2022. Modeling effects of driver safety attitudes on traffic violations in China using the theory of planned behavior. IATSS Res. 46(1):63–72. doi: 10.1016/J.IATSSR.2022.02.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Yehiel D. 2012. Driving styles and their associations with personality and motivation. Accid Anal Prev. 45:416–422. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.08.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavakoli Z, Davoodi SR, Azimmohseni M. 2019. Factors affecting use and nonuse of child safety car seats in Gorgan, Iran. Traffic Inj Prev. 20(6):661–666. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1634264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatraman V, Richard CM, Magee K, Johnson K. 2021. Countermeasures that work: a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices, 2020. 10th ed. United States: U.S. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Report No. DOT HS 813 097.
   Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Qu W, Ge Y, Sun X, Zhang K. 2018. Effect of personality traits on driving style: psychometric adaption of the multidimensional driving style inventory in a Chinese sample. Plos One. 13(9):e0202126. doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0202126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan S, Ding K, Yang J, Ye W, Li L. 2020. Prevalence of child passenger restraint use in Shantou, China from 2012 to 2017. BMC Public Health. 20(1):1–6. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08859-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar