An investigation of the crashworthiness performance and optimization of tetra-chiral and reentrant crash boxes

References

• Abbasi, M., S. Reddy, A. Ghafari-Nazari, and M. Fard. 2015. Multiobjective crashworthiness optimization of multi-cornered thin-walled sheet metal members. Thin-Walled Structures 89:31–41. doi:10.1016/j.tws.2014.12.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acar, E. 2010. Optimizing the shape parameters of radial basis functions: An application to automobile crashworthiness. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 224 (12):1541–53. doi:10.1243/09544070JAUTO1560.
   Google Scholar
• Acar, E. 2015. Increasing automobile crash response metamodel accuracy through adjusted cross validation error based on outlier analysis. International Journal of Crashworthiness 20 (2):107–22. doi:10.1080/13588265.2014.977839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acar, E., M. A. Guler, B. Gerceker, M. E. Cerit, and B. Bayram. 2011. Multi-objective crashworthiness optimization of tapered thin-walled tubes with axisymmetric indentations. Thin-Walled Structures 49 (1):94–105. doi:10.1016/j.tws.2010.08.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altin, M., E. Acar, and M. A. Güler. 2018. Foam filling options for crashworthiness optimization of thin-walled multi-tubular circular columns. Thin-Walled Structures 131:309–23. doi:10.1016/j.tws.2018.06.043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altin, M., E. Acar, and M. A. Güler. 2021. Crashworthiness optimization of hierarchial hexagonal honeycombs under out-of-plane impact. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 235 (6):963–74. doi:10.1177/0954406220939104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard, M. 1977. Investigation of an aluminum rolling helix crash energy absorber. Final Report no. ADA042084, ARA, Inc., West Covina, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Christman, D. R. W. M. Isabell, S. G. Babcock, A. R. McMillan, and S. J. Green. 1977. Measurements of dynamic properties of materials 6061-T6. Technical Report no. AD 735966, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Fragoso-Medina, O., and F. Velázquez-Villegas. 2021. Aluminum foam to improve crash safety performance: A numerical simulation approach for the automotive industry. Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines 1–15. doi:10.1080/15397734.2021.1927076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, D., and C. Zhang. 2018. Theoretical and numerical investigation on in-plane impact performance of chiral honeycomb core structure. Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance 3 (2):95–105. doi:10.1080/24705314.2018.1461772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, F. L., Y. C. Bai, C. Lin, and I. Y. Kim. 2019. A time-space kriging-based sequential metamodeling approach for multi-objective crashworthiness optimization. Applied Mathematical Modelling 69:378–404. doi:10.1016/j.apm.2018.12.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Q., C. Ge, W. Zhuang, L. Wang, and Z. Ma. 2019. Crashworthiness analysis of double-arrowed auxetic structure under axial impact loading. Materials and Design 161:22–34. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Q., X. Zhao, C. Wang, L. Wang, and Z. Ma. 2018. Multi-objective crashworthiness optimization for an auxetic cylindrical structure under axial impact loading. Materials and Design 143:120–30. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.01.063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Y., J. Zhang, L. Chen, B. Du, H. Liu, L. Chen, W. Li, and Y. Liu. 2020. Deformation behaviors and energy absorption of auxetic lattice cylindrical structures under axial crushing load. Aerospace Science and Technology 98:105662. doi:10.1016/j.ast.2019.105662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, M. S., B. S. Min, and J. U. Cho. 2014. Fracture properties of aluminum foam crash box. International Journal of Automotive Technology 15 (6):945–51. doi:10.1007/s12239-014-0099-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, S., W. Tan, Y. Zheng, X. Han, and Q. Li. 2014. Optimization design of corrugated beam guardrail based on RBF-MQ surrogate model and collision safety consideration. Advances in Engineering Software 78:28–40. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2014.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, X., Z. Deng, and K. Zhang. 2016. Dynamic crushing strength analysis of auxetic honeycombs. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 29 (5):490–501. doi:10.1016/S0894-9166(16)30267-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isabell, W. M, and D. R. Christman. 1970. Shock propagation and fracture in 6061-T6 aluminum from wave profile measurements. Technical Report no. AD 705536, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, D. R., M. Schonlau, and W. J. Welch. 1998. Efficient global optimization of expensive black-box functions. Journal of Global Optimization 13 (4):455–92. doi:10.1023/A:1008306431147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakes, R. 1993. Materials with structural hierarchy. Nature 361 (6412):511–5. doi:10.1038/361511a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, W., Y. Jeong, J. Yoo, H. Huh, S. J. Park, S. H. Park, and J. Yoon. 2019. Effect of auxetic structures on crash behavior of cylindrical tube. Composite Structures 208:836–46. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.10.068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., X. Lu, X. Zhu, X. Su, and T. Wu. 2019. Research on in-plane quasi-static mechanical properties of gradient tetra-chiral hyper-structures. Advance Engineering Materials 21 (3):1801038. doi:10.1002/adem.201801038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., and X. C. Zhang. 2009. The influence of cell micro-topology on the in-plane dynamic crushing of honeycombs. International Journal of Impact Engineering 36 (1):98–109. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.03.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LS-DYNA Support. Accessed December 05, 2021. https://www.dynasupport.com/howtos/material/fromengineering-to-true-strain-true-stress.
   Google Scholar
• Lu, H., X. Wang, and T. Chen. 2021. In-plane dynamics crushing of a combined auxetic honeycomb with negative Poisson’s ratio and enhanced energy absorption. Thin-Walled Structures 160:107366. doi:10.1016/j.tws.2020.107366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, C., H. Lei, J. Hua, Y. Bai, J. Liang, and D. Fang. 2018. Experimental and simulation investigation of the reversible bi-directional twisting response of tetra-chiral cylindrical shells. Composite Structures 203:142–52. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, C., H. S. Lei, J. Liang, W. W. Wu, T. J. Wang, and D. N. Fang. 2018. Macroscopic mechanical response of chiral-type cylindrical metastructures under axial compression loading. Materials and Design 158:198–212. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nia, A. A., and J. H. Hamedani. 2010. Comparative analysis of energy absorption and deformations of thin walled tubes with various section geometries. Thin-Walled Structures 48 (12):946–54. doi:10.1016/j.tws.2010.07.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niutta, C. B., E. J. Wehrle, F. Duddeck, and G. Belingardi. 2018. Surrogate modeling in design optimization of structures with discontinuous responses. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 57 (5):1857–69. doi:10.1007/s00158-018-1958-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prall, D., and R. S. Lakes. 1997. Properties of a chiral honeycomb with a Poisson’s ratio of -1. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 39 (3):305–14. doi:10.1016/S0020-7403(96)00025-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi, C., A. Remennikov, L. Pei, S. Yang, Z. Yu, and T. D. Ngo. 2017. Impact and close-in blast response of auxetic honeycomb-cored sandwich panels: Experimental tests and numerical simulations. Composite Structures 180:161–78. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.08.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi, C., F. Jiang, C. Yu, and S. Yang. 2019. In plane crushing response of tetra-chiral honeycombs. International Journal of Impact Engineering 130:247–65. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.04.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raponi, E., M. Bujny, M. Olhofer, N. Aulig, S. Boria, and F. Duddeck. 2019. Kriging-assisted topology optimization of crash structures. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 348:730–52. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2019.02.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saenz-Dominguez, I., I. Tena, A. Esnaola, M. Sarrionandia, J. Torre, and J. Aurrekoetxea. 2019. Design and characterisation of cellular composite structures for automotive crash-boxes manufactured by out of die ultraviolet cured pultrusion. Composites Part B: Engineering 160:217–24. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samer, F., H. Samaka, and K. S. Khalid. 2013. Improvement of energy absorption of thin walled hexagonal tube made of magnesium alloy by using trigger mechanism. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02 (10):173–80. doi:10.15623/ijret.2013.0210025.
   Google Scholar
• Sgobba, F. 2018. Optimization of chiral cellular topologies for energy absorption. MS thesis, Politecnico Di Milano, Faculty of Industrial Engineering,
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., J. Feng, J. Wu, and D. Hu. 2016. Effects of fiber orientation and wall thickness on energy absorption characteristics of carbon-reinforced composite tubes under different loading conditions. Composite Structures 153 (10):356–68. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.06.033.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2018. Global status report on road safety 2018. Accessed December 05, 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565684.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Q., Y. Gao, X. Wei, D. Mousanezhad, L. Ma, A. Vaziri, and J. Xiong. 2018. Mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of sandwich panels with ultralightweight three-dimensional hierarchical lattice cores. International Journal of Solids and Structures 132-133:171–87. doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2017.09.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, W., L. Geng, Y. Niu, D. Qi, X. Cui, and D. Fang. 2018. Compression twist deformation of novel tetrachiral architected cylindrical tube inspired by towel gourd tendrils. Extreme Mechanics Letters 20:104–11. doi:10.1016/j.eml.2018.02.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, L., O. Harrysson, H. West, and D. Cormier. 2015. Mechanical properties of 3D reentrant honeycomb auxetic structures realized via additive manufacturing. International Journal of Solids and Structures 69-70:475–90. doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.05.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildiz, A. R., and K. N. Solanki. 2012. Multi-objective optimization of vehicle crashworthiness using a new particle swarm based approach. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 59 (1-4):367–76. doi:10.1007/s00170-011-3496-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, G., Z. D. Ma, G. Li, A. Cheng, L. Duan, and W. Zhao. 2016. Design optimization of a novel NPR crash box based on multi-objective genetic algorithm. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 54 (3):673–84. doi:10.1007/s00158-016-1452-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar