References
- Abdalla, F., F. Irani, and S. Hughes. 2014. “Attitudes of Arab University Students and General Public towards People Who Stutter.” Speech, Language and Hearing 17 (4):186–95.
- Arnold, H. S., and J. Li. 2016. “Associations between Beliefs about and Reactions toward People Who Stutter.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 47:27–37.
- Arnold, H. S., J. Li, and K. Goltl. 2015. “Beliefs of Teachers versus Non-Teachers about People Who Stutter.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 43:28–39.
- Bailey, K., S. J. Harris, and S. Simpson. 2015. “Stammering and the Social Model of Disability: Challenge and Opportunity.” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 193:13–24.
- Belyk, M., S. J. Kraft, and S. Brown. 2017. “Stuttering as a Trait or a State Revisited: Motor System Involvement in Persistent Developmental Stuttering.” The European Journal of Neuroscience 45 (4):622–4.
- Bennett, E. M. 2006. Working with People Who Stutter: A Lifespan Approach. Prentice Hall.
- Bloodstein, O., and N. Bernstein-Ratner. 2008. A Handbook on Stuttering, 6th edn (New York, NY: Thomson-Delmar).
- Boyle, M. P. 2016. “The Impact of Causal Attribution on Stigmatizing Attitudes toward a Person Who Stutters.” Journal of Communication Disorders 60:14–26.
- Cooper, E. B., and C. S. Cooper. 1996. “Clinician Attitudes towards Stuttering: Two Decades of Change.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 21 (2):119–35.
- Craig, A., E. Blumgart, and Y. Tran. 2009. “The Impact of Stuttering on the Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 34 (2):61–71.
- Crichton-Smith, I., J. Wright, and J. Stackhouse. 2003. “Attitudes of Speech and Language Therapists towards Stammering: 1985 and 2000.” International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 38 (3):213–34.
- Daniels, D. E., and R. M. Gabel. 2004. “The Impact of Stuttering on Identity Construction.” Topics in Language Disorders 24 (3):200–15.
- Evans, J., and R. Williams. 2015. “Stuttering in Film Media-Investigation of a Stereotype.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 193:337.
- Frigerio-Domingues, C., and D. Drayna. 2017. “Genetic Contributions to Stuttering: The Current Evidence.” Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine 5 (2):95–102.
- Fuse, A., and E. A. Lanham. 2016. “Impact of Social Media and Quality Life of People Who Stutter.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 50:59–71.
- Gabel, R. M., G. W. Blood, G. M. Tellis, and M. T. Althouse. 2004. “Measuring Role Entrapment of People Who Stutter.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 29 (1):27–49.
- Gabel, R., T. Brackenbury, and F. Irani. 2010. “Access to Information about Stuttering and Societal Knowledge of Stuttering.” Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders 20 (2):51–7.
- Guitar, B. 2014. Stuttering: An Integrated Approach to Its Nature and Treatment. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Irani, F., F. Abdalla, and R. Gabel. 2012. “Arab and American Teachers’ Attitudes toward People Who Stutter: A Comparative Study.” Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders 39 (Spring):12–20.
- Irani, F., and R. Gabel. 2008. “Schoolteachers’ Attitudes towards People Who Stutter: Results of a Mail Survey.” Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology 32 (3):129–34.
- Johnson, J. K. 2008. “The Visualization of the Twisted Tongue: Portrayals of Stuttering in Film, Television, and Comic Books.” The Journal of Popular Culture 41 (2):245–61.
- Klassen, T. R. 2002. “Social Distance and the Negative Stereotype of People Who Stutter.” Journal of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology 26 (2):90–9.
- Klein, J. F., and S. B. Hood. 2004. “The Impact of Stuttering on Employment Opportunities and Job Performance.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 29 (4):255–73.
- Mackie, D. M., D. L. Hamilton, J. Susskind, and F. Rosselli. 1996. “Social Psychological Foundations of Stereotype Formation.” In Stereotypes and Stereotyping edited by C. N. Macrae, C. Stangor, and M. Hewstone, 41–78. Guilford.
- MacKinnon, S. P., S. Hall, and P. D. MacIntyre. 2007. “Origins of the Stuttering Stereotype: Stereotype Formation through Anchoring–Adjustment.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 32 (4):297–309.
- Manchaiah, V., A. M. Amlani, C. M. Bricker, C. T. Whitfield, and P. Ratinaud. 2019. “Benefits and Shortcomings of Direct-to-Consumer Hearing Devices: Analysis of Large Secondary Data Generated from Amazon Customer Reviews.” Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62 (5):1506–16.
- Manchaiah, V., P. Ratinaud, and G. Andersson. 2018. “Representation of Tinnitus in the US Newspaper Media and in Facebook Pages: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Secondary Data.” Interactive Journal of Medical Research 7 (1):e9.
- Manning, W. H., and A. DiLollo. 2017. Clinical Decision Making in Fluency Disorders. Plural Publishing.
- O’Brian, Sue, Mark Jones, Ann Packman, Ross Menzies, and Mark Onslow. 2011. “Stuttering Severity and Educational Attainment.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 36 (2):86–92.
- Ratinaud, P. 2014. IRaMuTeQ: Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Texteset de Questionnaires (Version 0.7 alpha 2) [Windows, GNU/Linux, Mac OS X]. Consulté à l’adresse, Accessed October 17, 2020. http://www.iramuteq.org
- Rees, D. I., and J. J. Sabia. 2014. “The Kid's Speech: The Effect of Stuttering on Human Capital Acquisition.” Economics of Education Review 38:76–88.
- Shollenbarger, A., N. Terry, and C. Akbari. 2017. “An Investigation of College Students’ Knowledge of Stuttering.” Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2 (4):66–77.
- St Louis, Kenneth O., Hilda Sønsterud, Lejla Junuzović-Žunić, Donatella Tomaiuoli, Francesca Del Gado, Emilia Caparelli, Mareen Theiling, Cecilie Flobakk, Lise Nesbakken Helmen, Ragnhild R. Heitmann, et al. 2016. “Public Attitudes toward Stuttering in Europe: Within-Country and between-Country Comparisons.” Journal of Communication Disorders 62:115–30.
- St Louis, K. O., and G. Tellis. 2015. Stuttering Meets Stereotype, Stigma, and Discrimination: An Overview of Attitude Research. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.
- Stangor, C., and M. Schaller. 1996. “Stereotypes as Individual and Collective Representations.” In Stereotypes and Stereotyping edited by C. N., Macrae, C. Stangor, and M. Hewstone. New York: Guilford.
- Walden, T. A., and T. A. Lesner. 2018. “Examining Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Stuttering.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 57:22–36.
- Yairi, E., and N. Ambrose. 2013. “Epidemiology of Stuttering: 21st Century Advances.” Journal of Fluency Disorders 38 (2):66–87.
- Yairi, E., and C. H. Seery. 2015. Stuttering: Foundations and Clinical Applications. Boston: Pearson.