References
- Alexander, P., Ceruti, C., Motseke, K., Phadi, M., and Wale, K. (2013). Class in Soweto. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
- Andrews, M. J. (2012). Mapuche communication and self-representation: Indigenous expressions of identity via new media (Doctoral dissertation). University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI.
- Arko-Achemfuor, A. (2012). Entrepreneurship education in Ghana through Akan folk songs. Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa, 9(2), 9–14.
- Bodunrin, I. A. (2014a). The emergence of hip-hop culture subculture among the Khwe Bushmen of Platfontein, South Africa (Master’s research dissertation). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://www.ukzn.ac.za/ccms
- Bodunrin, I. (2014b). Rap, graffiti and social media in South Africa today. Media Development, 4, 10–15. Retrieved from http://www.waccglobal.org/articles/rap-graffiti-and-social-media-in-south-africa-today#sthash.1uEiE40u.dpuf
- Bucholtz, M. (2002). Youth and cultural practice. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, 525–552. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085443
- Buckingham, D. (2006). Is there a digital generation? In D. Buckingham & R. Willett (Eds.), Digital generations: Children, young people and new media (pp. 1–13). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Burcáková, E. (2013). Witch house, ‘a digital neo-tribe’: Digitalization of a postmodern theory (Master’s thesis). University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/290223
- Celma, C. (2010). Music recommendation and discovery: The long tail, long fail, and long play in the digital music space. Barcelona, Spain: Springer.
- Charry, E. S. (2012). Hip-hop Africa: New African music in a globalizing world. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
- Den-Hertog, T. (2013). Diversity behind constructed unity: The resettlement process of the !Xun and Khwe communities in South Africa. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 31(3), 345–360. doi:10.1080/02589001.2013.802429
- DiMaggio, P., & Mukhtar, T. (2008). Arts participation as cultural capital in the United States, 1982-2002. In S. J. Tepper & B. Ivey (Eds.), Engaging art. The next great transformation of America’s cultural life (pp. 273–306). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Diop, S. (2012). African elites and their post-colonial legacy: Cultural, political and economic discontent—by way of literature. Africa Development, XXXVII(4), 222–235.
- Grant, J., & Dicks, A. (2014). Perceived benefits of Freirean and grassroots comics workshops within three Bushmen communities. Communitas, 19, 116–135.
- Haralambos, M. (1985). Sociology themes and perspectives. London, England: University Tutorial Press.
- Hart, T. (2011). Community radio: The beat that develops the soul of the people? A case study of XK FM as a SABC owned community radio station and its role as a facilitator of community based development (Master’s research dissertation). University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.ukzn.ac.za/ccms
- Haupt, A. (2008). Stealing empire: P2P, intellectual property and hip-hop subversion. Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC Press.
- Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The meaning of style. London, England: Methuen.
- Iqani, M. (2015). A new class for a new South Africa? The discursive construction of the “Black middle class” in post-Apartheid media. Journal of Consumer Culture. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1469540515586865
- Le Roux, W. (1999). Torn apart: San children as change agents in a process of acculturation. A report on the educational situation of San children in southern Africa. Commissioned by Kuru Development Trust and WIMSA (Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa), Windhoek, Namibia.
- Lin, N. (1999). Social networks and status attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 467–487. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.467
- Mayekiso, M. (1996). Township politics: Civic struggles for a New South Africa. New York, NY: New York University Press.
- McLeod, K. (1999). Authenticity within hip-hop and other cultures threatened with assimilation. International Communication Association, 49(4), 134–150.
- Meerkat Kalahari Project. (2013). Kalahari Bushmen. Retrieved from http://www.kalahari-meerkats.com/fileadmin/files/guides/Bushmen_light.pdf
- Milovanov, R. (2009). The connectivity of musical aptitude and foreign language learning skills: Neural and behavioural evidence. Anglicana Turkuensia, 27, 1–56.
- Motley, C., & Henderson, G. (2008). The global hip-hop diaspora: Understanding the culture. Journal of Business Research, 61(3), 243–253. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.06.020
- Muggleton, D. (2000). Inside subculture. Oxford, UK: Berg.
- Mungai, C. (2015, February 27). Meet the digital natives trailblazing internet use in Africa: 6 facts you need to know. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-02-25-6-facts-about-africas-digital-natives-trailblazing-internet-use-in-the-continent/
- Navas, E. (2013, March 8). The framework of culture: Remix in music, art, and literature. Remix Theory. Retrieved from http://remixtheory.net/?p=651
- Ndahinda, F. (2011). Indigenousness in Africa: A contested legal framework for empowerment of “marginalized” communities. The Hague, the Netherlands: T.M.C. Press.
- Ntarangwi, M. (2009). East Africa hip hop: Youth culture and globalization. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
- O’Brien, D. (1996). A lost generation? Youth identity and state decay in West Africa. In R. Werbner & T. Ranger (Eds.), Post-colonial identities in West Africa (pp. 55–74). London, England: Zed Books.
- Omoniyi, T. (2006). Hip-hop through the world Englishes lens: A response to globalization. World Englishes, 25(2), 195–208. doi:10.1111/weng.2006.25.issue-2
- Osumare, H. (2001). Beat streets in the global hood: Connective marginalities of the hip hop globe. Journal of American Contemporary Culture, 2, 171–181.
- Pelican, M., & Maruyama, J. (2015). The indigenous rights movement in Africa: Perspectives from Botswana and Cameroon. African Study Monographs, 36(1), 49–74.
- Penn, N. G. (1996). “Fated to perish”: The destruction of the Cape San. In P. Skotnes (Ed.), Miscast: Negotiating the presence of the Bushmen (pp. 81–91). Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town Press.
- Robbins, D. (2004). A San journey: The story of the !Xun and Khwe of Platfontein. Kimberley, South Africa: The Sol Plaaitje Educational Trust.
- Rose, T. (1994). Black noise: Rap music and black culture in contemporary America. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
- Ruvio, A., & Shoham, A. (2007). Innovativeness, exploratory behavior, market mavenship, and opinion leadership: An empirical examination in the Asian context. Psychology and Marketing, 24(8), 703–722. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6793
- Schoon, A. (2014). Digital hustling: ICT practices of hip hop artists in Grahamstown. Technoetic Arts: A Journal of Speculative Research, 12(2), 207–217. doi:10.1386/tear.12.2-3.207_1
- Seekings, J. (2005). Class, race, and inequality in South Africa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Shimanoff, E. (2002). The odd couple: Postmodern culture & copyright law. Fall, XI(1), 12–49.
- Shivji, I. (2006). The silences in the NGO discourse: The role and future of NGOs. African Development, XXXI(4), 22–51.
- Teer-Tomaselli, R. (2014). In service of empire: The South African broadcasting corporation during World War II. Critical Arts: South-North Cultural & Media Studies, 28(6), 879–904. doi:10.1080/02560046.2014.990609
- Tepper, S., & Hargittai, E. (2009). Pathways to music exploration in a digital age. Poetics, 37, 227–249. doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2009.03.003
- Tomaselli, K. G. (2005). Where global contradictions are sharpest, research stories from the Kalahari. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Rozenberg.
- Township Transformation Timeline. (2009). Cooperative governance and traditional affairs department. Retrieved from http://sacitiesnetwork.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/township_transformation_timeline.pdf
- UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements Programme). (2010). State of the world’s cities 2010/2011: Bridging the urban divide. London, England: Earthscan.
- Vokes, R. (2012). Photography in Africa: Ethnographic perspectives. Martlesham, UK: James Currey.