11,645
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Exercise Training Modalities for People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

&
Pages 378-389 | Received 08 Jun 2019, Accepted 09 Jun 2019, Published online: 04 Nov 2019

References

  • GOLD. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2018 [cited 2019 19th January]. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/GOLD-2018-v6.0-FINAL-revised-20-Nov_WMS.pdf
  • Nici L, Donner C, Wouters E, et al. ATS/ERS Pulmonary Rehabilitation Writing Committee: American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:1390–1413. doi:10.1164/rccm.200508-1211ST.
  • Bolton CE, Blakey JD, Morgan MD. The British Thoracic Society guideline on pulmonary rehabilitation in adults: your opinion is noted. Thorax. 2014; Apr69:388–389. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204754.
  • Alison JA, McKeough ZJ, Johnston K, et al. Australian and New Zealand Pulmonary Rehabilitation Guidelines. Respirology. 2017;22:800–819. doi:10.1111/resp.13025.
  • Spruit MA, Singh SJ, Garvey C, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188:e13–e64.
  • Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:1334–1359. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb.
  • McCarthy B, Casey D, Devane D, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;23: CD003793.
  • Maltais F, Decramer M, Casaburi R, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: update on limb muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189:e15–e62. doi:10.1164/rccm.201402-0373ST.
  • Gloeckl R, Marinov B, Pitta F. Practical recommendations for exercise training in patients with COPD. Eur Respiratory Soc. 2013; 22:178–186. doi:10.1183/09059180.00000513.
  • Man W-C, Soliman MG, Gearing J, et al. Symptoms and quadriceps fatigability after walking and cycling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:562–567. doi:10.1164/rccm.200302-162OC.
  • Poulain M, Durand F, Palomba B, et al. 6-minute walk testing is more sensitive than maximal incremental cycle testing for detecting oxygen desaturation in patients with COPD. Chest. 2003;123:1401–1407. doi:10.1378/chest.123.5.1401.
  • Hsia D, Casaburi R, Pradhan A, et al. Physiological responses to linear treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2009;34:605–615. doi:10.1183/09031936.00069408.
  • Leung RWM, Alison JA, McKeough ZJ, Peters MJ. Ground walk training improves functional exercise capacity more than cycle training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomised trial. J Physiother. 2010;56:105–112. doi:10.1016/S1836-9553(10)70040-0.
  • Whittom F, Jobin J, Simard PM, et al. Histochemical and morphological characteristics of the vastus lateralis muscle in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30:1467–1474. doi:10.1097/00005768-199810000-00001.
  • Vogiatzis I, Terzis G, Stratakos G, et al. Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on peripheral muscle fiber remodeling in patients with COPD in GOLD stages II to IV. Chest. 2011;140:744–752. doi:10.1378/chest.10-3058.
  • Vogiatzis I, Stratakos G, Simoes DCM, et al. Effects of rehabilitative exercise on peripheral muscle TNFalpha, IL-6, IGF-I and MyoD expression in patients with COPD. Thorax. 2007;62:950–956. doi:10.1136/thx.2006.069310.
  • Vogiatzis I, Simoes DCM, Stratakos G, et al. Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on muscle remodelling in cachectic patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2010;36:301–310. doi:10.1183/09031936.00112909.
  • Maltais F, LeBlanc P, Simard C, et al. Skeletal muscle adaptation to endurance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:442–447. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.2.8756820.
  • Casaburi R, Patessio A, Ioli F, et al. Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991;143:9–18. doi:10.1164/ajrccm/143.1.9.
  • Sala E, Roca J, Marrades RM, et al. Effects of endurance training on skeletal muscle bioenergetics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:1726–1734. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.6.9804136.
  • Puhan MA, Gimeno-Santos E, Scharplatz M, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;10: CD005305.
  • Stringer W, Marciniuk D. The role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. COPD. 2018;15:621–631. doi:10.1080/15412555.2018.1550476.
  • Holland AE, Spruit MA, Troosters T, et al. An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respiratory Soc. 2014;44:1426–1446.
  • Laboratories ACoPSfCPF. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111–117.
  • Zainuldin R, Mackey MG, Alison JA. Optimal intensity and type of leg exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11: CD008008.
  • Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14:377–381.
  • Borg G. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1970;2:92–98.
  • Horowitz MB, Littenberg B, Mahler DA. Dyspnea ratings for prescribing exercise intensity in patients with COPD. Chest. 1996;109:1169–1175. doi:10.1378/chest.109.5.1169.
  • Morris NR, Walsh J, Adams L, Alison J. Exercise training in COPD: What is it about intensity?. Respirology. 2016;21:1185–1192. doi:10.1111/resp.12864.
  • Probst VS, Troosters T, Coosemans I, et al. Mechanisms of improvement in exercise capacity using a rollator in patients with COPD. Chest. 2004;126:1102–1107. doi:10.1378/chest.126.4.1102.
  • Solway S, Brooks D, Lau L, Goldstein R. The short-term effect of a rollator on functional exercise capacity among individuals with severe COPD. Chest. 2002;122:56–65. doi:10.1378/chest.122.1.56.
  • Beauchamp MK, Nonoyama M, Goldstein RS, et al. Interval versus continuous training in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- a systematic review. Thorax. 2010;65:157–164. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.123000.
  • Casaburi R, Porszasz J, Burns MR, et al. Physiologic benefits of exercise training in rehabilitation of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:1541–1551. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154855.
  • Maltais F, LeBlanc P, Jobin J, et al. Intensity of training and physiologic adaptation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:555–561. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032194.
  • Vogiatzis I, Nanas S, Roussos C. Interval training as an alternative modality to continuous exercise in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2002;20:12–19. doi:10.1183/09031936.02.01152001.
  • Richardson RS, Leek BT, Gavin TP, et al. Reduced mechanical efficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but normal peak VO2 with small muscle mass exercise. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169:89–96. doi:10.1164/rccm.200305-627OC.
  • Troosters T, Gosselink R, Decramer M. Exercise training in COPD: how to distinguish responders from nonresponders. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2001;21:10–17. doi:10.1097/00008483-200101000-00004.
  • Burtin C, Saey D, Saglam M, et al. Effectiveness of exercise training in patients with COPD: the role of muscle fatigue. Eur Respir J. 2012;40:338. erj01118-2011.
  • Dolmage TE, Goldstein RS. Response to one-legged cycling in patients with COPD. Chest. 2006;129:325–332. doi:10.1378/chest.129.2.325.
  • Dolmage TE, Goldstein RS. Effects of one-legged exercise training of patients with COPD. Chest. 2008;133:370–376. doi:10.1378/chest.07-1423.
  • Evans RA, Dolmage TE, Mangovski-Alzamora S, et al. One-legged cycle training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A pragmatic study of implementation to pulmonary rehabilitation. Annals ATS. 2015;12:1490–1497. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201504-231OC.
  • Bjørgen S, Hoff J, Husby VS, et al. Aerobic high intensity one and two legs interval cycling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the sum of the parts is greater than the whole. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;106:501–507. doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1038-1.
  • Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, et al. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2007;116:572–584. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185214.
  • Ratamess N, Alvar B, Evetoch T, et al. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults [ACSM position stand]. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:687–708.
  • O'Shea SD, Taylor NF, Paratz JD. Progressive resistance exercise improves muscle strength and may improve elements of performance of daily activities for people with COPD: a systematic review. Chest. 2009;136:1269–1283. doi:10.1378/chest.09-0029.
  • Bernard S, Whittom F, Leblanc P, et al. Aerobic and strength training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:896–901. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.3.9807034.
  • Spruit MA, Gosselink R, Troosters T, et al Resistance versus endurance training in patients with COPD and peripheral muscle weakness. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:1072–1078. doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00287102.
  • Ortega F, Toral J, Cejudo P, et al. Comparison of effects of strength and endurance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:669–674. doi:10.1164/rccm.2107081.
  • Lewis MI, Fournier M, Storer TW, et al. Skeletal muscle adaptations to testosterone and resistance training in men with COPD. J Appl Physiol. 2007;103:1299–1310. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00150.2007.
  • Walker M, Sussman D, Tamburello M, et al. Relationship Between Maximum Strength and Relative Endurance for the Empty-Can Exercise. J Sport Rehabil. 2003;12:31–38. doi:10.1123/jsr.12.1.31.
  • Bompa TO, Haff GG. Periodization: theory and methodology of training. 5th ed. Leeds, UK: Human Kinetics; 2009.
  • Klijn P, van Keimpema A, Legemaat M, et al. Nonlinear exercise training in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is superior to traditional exercise training. A randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188:193–200. doi:10.1164/rccm.201210-1829OC.
  • Meek PM, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L, et al. Dyspnea: mechanisms, assessment, and management: a consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:321–340.
  • Janaudis-Ferreira T, Hill K, Goldstein R, et al. Arm exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A Syst Rev J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2009;29:277–283. doi:10.1097/HCR.0b013e3181b4c8d0.
  • Janaudis-Ferreira T, Hill K, Goldstein RS, et al. Resistance arm training in patients with COPD: a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2011;139:151–158. doi:10.1378/chest.10-1292.
  • Romagnoli I, Scano G, Binazzi B, et al. Effects of unsupported arm training on arm exercise-related perception in COPD patients. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013;186:95–102. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2013.01.005.
  • Costi S, Crisafulli E, Degli Antoni F, et al. Effects of unsupported upper extremity exercise training in patients with COPD: a randomized clinical trial. Chest. 2009;136:387–395. doi:10.1378/chest.09-0165.
  • Beauchamp MK, Brooks D, Goldstein RS. Deficits in postural control in individuals with COPD-emerging evidence for an important secondary impairment. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2010;5:417. doi:10.1186/2049-6958-5-6-417.
  • Lawlor DA, Patel R, Ebrahim S. Association between falls in elderly women and chronic diseases and drug use: cross sectional study. BMJ. 2003;327:712–717. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7417.712.
  • Roig M, Eng JJ, MacIntyre DL, et al. Falls in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an observational cohort study. Respir Med. 2011;105:461–469. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2010.08.015.
  • Sibley KM, Voth J, Munce SE, et al. Chronic disease and falls in community-dwelling Canadians over 65 years old: a population-based study exploring associations with number and pattern of chronic conditions. BMC Geriatr. 2014;14:22. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-14-22.
  • Roig M, Eng JJ, Road JD, Reid WD. Falls in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a call for further research. Respir Med. 2009;103:1257–1269. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2009.03.022.
  • Beauchamp MK, Hill K, Goldstein RS, et al. Impairments in balance discriminate fallers from non-fallers in COPD. Respir Med. 2009;103:1885–1891. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2009.06.008.
  • Smith MD, Chang AT, Seale HE, et al. Balance is impaired in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Gait Posture. 2010;31:456–460. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.01.022.
  • Butcher SJ, Meshke JM, Sheppard MS. Reductions in functional balance, coordination, and mobility measures among patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2004;24:274–280. doi:10.1097/00008483-200407000-00013.
  • Eisner MD, Blanc PD, Yelin EH, et al. COPD as a systemic disease: impact on physical functional limitations. Am J Med. 2008;121:789–796. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.04.030.
  • Porto EF, Pradella CO, Rocco CM, et al. Comparative postural control in COPD patients and healthy individuals during dynamic and static activities. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2017;37:139–145. doi:10.1097/HCR.0000000000000246.
  • de Castro LA, Ribeiro LR, Mesquita R, et al. Static and functional balance in individuals with COPD: comparison with healthy controls and differences according to sex and disease severity. Respir Care. 2016;61:1488–1496.
  • Tudorache E, Oancea C, Avram C, et al. Balance impairment and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:1847.
  • Nolan CM, Kon SSC, Patel S, et al. Gait speed and pedestrian crossings in COPD. Thorax. 2018;73:191–192. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210173.
  • Yentes JM, Rennard SI, Schmid KK, et al. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease walk with altered step time and step width variability as compared with healthy control subjects. Annals ATS. 2017;14:858–866. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201607-547OC.
  • Liu X, Bhatt T, Wang S, et al. Retention of the “first-trial effect; in gait-slip among community-living older adults”. Geroscience. 2017;39:93–102. doi:10.1007/s11357-017-9963-0.
  • Janssens L, Brumagne S, McConnell AK, et al. Proprioceptive changes impair balance control in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One. 2013;8:e57949. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057949.
  • Chang AT, Seale H, Walsh J, Brauer SG. Static balance is affected following an exercise task in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2008;28:142–145. doi:10.1097/01.HCR.0000314209.17300.cc.
  • Society AG, Society G, Of AA, On Falls Prevention OSP. Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geratr Soc. 2001;49:664–672. doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49115.x.
  • Beauchamp MK, O'Hoski S, Goldstein RS, Brooks D. Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on balance in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:1460–1465. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.021.
  • Beauchamp MK, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Parreira V, et al. A randomized controlled trial of balance training during pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with COPD. Chest. 2013;144:1803–1810. doi:10.1378/chest.13-1093.
  • Marques A, Jácome C, Cruz J, et al. Family-based psychosocial support and education as part of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2015;147:662–672. doi:10.1378/chest.14-1488.
  • Mkacher W, Mekki M, Tabka Z, Trabelsi Y. Effect of 6 months of balance training during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2015;35:207–213. doi:10.1097/HCR.0000000000000109.
  • Harrison SL, Beauchamp MK, Sibley K, et al. Minimizing the evidence-practice gap–a prospective cohort study incorporating balance training into pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med. 2015;15:73. doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0067-2.
  • Beauchamp MK, Brooks D, Ellerton C, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation with balance training for fall reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2017;6:e228. doi:10.2196/resprot.8178.
  • Berg KO, Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI, et al. Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Public Health. 1992;83:S7–S11.
  • Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M. Attentional demands and postural control: the effect of sensory context. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55:M10doi:10.1093/gerona/55.1.m10.
  • Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed “Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geratr Soc. 1991;39:142–148. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x.
  • Tinetti ME. Performance‐oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geratr Soc. 1986;34:119–126. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb05480.x.
  • Beauchamp MK, Harrison SL, Goldstein RS, Brooks D. Interpretability of change scores in measures of balance in people with COPD. Chest. 2016;149:696–703. doi:10.1378/chest.15-0717.
  • Chen KM, Chen MH, Hong SM, et al. Physical fitness of older adults in senior activity centres after 24‐week silver yoga exercises. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17:2634–2646. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02338.x.
  • Donesky D, Selman L, McDermott K, et al. Evaluation of the feasibility of a home-based teleyoga intervention in participants with both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure. J Altern Complement Med. 2017;23:713–721. doi:10.1089/acm.2015.0279.
  • Pomidori L, Campigotto F, Amatya TM, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of yoga breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2009;29:133–137. doi:10.1097/HCR.0b013e31819a0227.
  • Kaminsky DA, Guntupalli KK, Lippmann J, et al. Effect of yoga breathing (pranayama) on exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2017;23:696–704. doi:10.1089/acm.2017.0102.
  • Gupta A, Sinha S, Pribesh S, et al. A fresh breath into student achievement: Pranayama and educational outcomes. Int J Soc Sci Humanit Invent. 2014;3:38–46.
  • Fulambarker A, Farooki B, Kheir F, et al. Effect of yoga in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Ther. 2012;19:96–100. doi:10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181f2ab86.
  • Donesky-Cuenco D, Nguyen HQ, Paul S, Carrieri-Kohlman V. Yoga therapy decreases dyspnea-related distress and improves functional performance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15:225–234. doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0389.
  • Papp ME, Wandell PE, Lindfors P, Nygren-Bonnier M. Effects of yogic exercises on functional capacity, lung function and quality of life in participants with obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2017;53(3):447–61. doi:10.23736/S1973-9087.16.04374-4.
  • Ranjita R, Hankey A, Nagendra HR, Mohanty S. Yoga-based pulmonary rehabilitation for the management of dyspnea in coal miners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2016;7:158–166. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2015.12.001.
  • Desveaux L, Lee A, Goldstein R, Brooks D. Yoga in the management of chronic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Care. 2015;53:653–661. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000372.
  • Liu X-C, Pan L, Hu Q, et al. Effects of yoga training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6:795.
  • Li C, Liu Y, Ji Y, et al. Efficacy of yoga training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;30:33–37. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.11.006.
  • Leung RWM, McKeough ZJ, Peters MJ, Alison JA. Short-form Sun-style t'ai chi as an exercise training modality in people with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2013;41:1051–1057. doi:10.1183/09031936.00036912.
  • Huston P, McFarlane B. Health benefits of tai chi: What is the evidence?. Can Fam Physician. 2016;62:881–890.
  • Solloway MR, Taylor SL, Shekelle PG, et al. An evidence map of the effect of Tai Chi on health outcomes. Syst Rev. 2016;5:126doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0300-y.
  • Du S, Dong J, Zhang H, et al. Taichi exercise for self-rated sleep quality in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52:368–379. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.05.009.
  • Sarris J, Byrne GJ. A systematic review of insomnia and complementary medicine. Sleep Med Rev. 2011;15:99–106. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.04.001.
  • Chen YW, Hunt MA, Campbell KL, et al. The effect of tai chi on four chronic conditions—cancer, osteoarthritis, heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:397–407. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-094388.
  • Niu R, He R, Luo BL, Hu C. The effect of tai chi on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot randomised study of lung function, exercise capacity and diaphragm strength. Heart Lung Circ. 2014;23:347–352. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2013.10.057.
  • Chan AWK, Lee A, Lee DTF, et al. The sustaining effects of Tai chi Qigong on physiological health for COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2013;21:585–594. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2013.09.008.
  • Polkey MI, Qiu ZH, Zhou L, et al. Tai Chi and pulmonary rehabilitation compared for treatment-naive patients with COPD: a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2018;153:1116–1124. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.01.053.
  • Lorenc A, Leach J, Robinson N. Clinical guidelines in the UK: Do they mention Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)–Are CAM professional bodies aware? Eur J Integr Med. 2014;6:164–175. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2013.11.003.
  • Ng L, Chiang LK, Tang R, et al. Effectiveness of incorporating Tai Chi in a pulmonary rehabilitation program for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in primary care—A pilot randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med. 2014;6:248–258. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2014.01.007.
  • Wu LL, Lin ZK, Weng HD, et al. effectiveness of meditative movement on COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:1239doi:10.2147/COPD.S159042.
  • Ngai SP, Jones AY, Tam WWS. Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD. ). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;6: CD009953.
  • Wu W, Liu X, Wang L, et al. Effects of Tai Chi on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:1253.
  • Guo JB, Chen BL, Lu YM, et al. Tai Chi for improving cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2016;30:750–764. doi:10.1177/0269215515604903.
  • Qiu ZH, Guo HX, Lu G, et al. Physiological responses to Tai Chi in stable patients with COPD. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2016;221:30–34. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2015.10.019.
  • Charususin N, Dacha S, Gosselink R, et al. Respiratory muscle function and exercise limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review. Exp Rev Respir Med. 2018;12:67–79. doi:10.1080/17476348.2018.1398084.
  • Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185:435–452. doi:10.1164/rccm.201111-2042ST.
  • American Thoracic Society (ATS), European Respiratory Society (ERS). ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:518.
  • Langer D, Charususin N, Jácome C, et al. Efficacy of a novel method for inspiratory muscle training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Phys Ther. 2015;95:1264–1273. doi:10.2522/ptj.20140245.
  • Daynes E, Greening NJ, Harvey-Dunstan TC, et al. High-frequency airway oscillating device for respiratory muscle training in subjects with COPD. Respir Care. 2018;63:584–590. doi:10.4187/respcare.05837.
  • Nikoletou D, Man WDC, Mustfa N,. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training programme in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using multiple inspiratory muscle tests. Disabil Rehabil. 2016;38:250–259. doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1036171.
  • Larson JL, Kim MJ, Sharp JT, Larson DA. Inspiratory muscle training with a pressure threshold breathing device in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;138:689–696. doi:10.1164/ajrccm/138.3.689.
  • Hill K, Cecins NM, Eastwood PR, Jenkins SC. Inspiratory muscle training for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a practical guide for clinicians. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:1466–1470. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.010.
  • Gosselink R, De Vos J, van den Heuvel SP, et al. Impact of inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: what is the evidence?. Eur Respir J. 2011;37:416–425. doi:10.1183/09031936.00031810.
  • Beckerman M, Magadle R, Weiner M, Weiner P. The effects of 1 year of specific inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD. Chest. 2005;128:3177–3182. doi:10.1378/chest.128.5.3177.
  • Langer D, Ciavaglia CE, Faisal A, et al. Inspiratory muscle training reduces diaphragm activation and dyspnea during exercise in COPD. J Appl Physiol. 2018;125:381–392.
  • Beaumont M, Mialon P, Le Ber C, et al. Effects of inspiratory muscle training on dyspnoea in severe COPD patients during pulmonary rehabilitation: controlled randomised trial. Eur Respir J. 2018;51:1701107. doi:10.1183/13993003.01107-2017.
  • Beaumont M, Mialon P, Ber-Moy CL, et al. Inspiratory muscle training during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized trial. Chron Respir Dis. 2015;12:305–312. doi:10.1177/1479972315594625.
  • Wang K, Zeng GQ, Li R, et al. Cycle ergometer and inspiratory muscle training offer modest benefit compared with cycle ergometer alone: a comprehensive assessment in stable COPD patients. COPD. 2017;12:2655. doi:10.2147/COPD.S140093.
  • Charususin N, Gosselink R, Decramer M, et al. Randomised controlled trial of adjunctive inspiratory muscle training for patients with COPD. Thorax. 2018;73:942. thoraxjnl-2017-211417. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211417.
  • Basso-Vanelli RP, Di Lorenzo VAP, Labadessa IG, et al. Effects of inspiratory muscle training and calisthenics-and-breathing exercises in COPD with and without respiratory muscle weakness. Respir Care. 2016;61:50–60. doi:10.4187/respcare.03947.
  • Dellweg D, Reissig K, Hoehn E, et al. Inspiratory muscle training during rehabilitation in successfully weaned hypercapnic patients with COPD. Respir Med. 2017;123:116–123. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2016.12.006.
  • Wada J, Borges-Santos E, Porras D, et al. Effects of aerobic training combined with respiratory muscle stretching on the functional exercise capacity and thoracoabdominal kinematics in patients with COPD: a randomized and controlled trial. COPD. 2016;11:2691. doi:10.2147/COPD.S114548.
  • Schultz K, Jelusic D, Wittmann M, et al. Inspiratory muscle training does not improve clinical outcomes in 3-week COPD rehabilitation: results from a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J. 2018;51:1702000.
  • Beaumont M, Forget P, Couturaud F, Reychler G. Effects of inspiratory muscle training in COPD patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clin Respir J. 2018;12:2178. doi:10.1111/crj.12905.
  • Gloeckl R, Heinzelmann I, Baeuerle S, et al. Effects of whole body vibration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-a randomized controlled trial. Respir Med. 2012;106:75–83. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2011.10.021.
  • Pleguezuelos E, Pérez ME, Guirao L, et al. Effects of whole body vibration training in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology. 2013;18:1028–1034. doi:10.1111/resp.12122.
  • Salhi B, Malfait TJ, Van Maele G, et al. Effects of whole body vibration in patients with COPD. COPD. 2015;12:525–532. doi:10.3109/15412555.2015.1008693.
  • Júnior DSB, de Andrade AD, Teixeira AS, et al. Whole-body vibration improves functional capacity and quality of life in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a pilot study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:125.
  • Spielmanns M, Boeselt T, Gloeckl R, et al. Low-volume whole-body vibration training improves exercise capacity in subjects with mild to severe COPD. Respir Care. 2017;62:315–323. doi:10.4187/respcare.05154.
  • Gloeckl R, Heinzelmann I, Kenn K. Whole body vibration training in patients with COPD: A systematic review. Chron Respir Dis. 2015;12:212–221. doi:10.1177/1479972315583049.
  • Furness T, Joseph C, Naughton G, et al. Benefits of whole-body vibration to people with COPD: a community-based efficacy trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2014;14:38doi:10.1186/1471-2466-14-38.
  • Greulich T, Nell C, Koepke J, et al. Benefits of whole body vibration training in patients hospitalised for COPD exacerbations-a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pulm Med. 2014;14:60. doi:10.1186/1471-2466-14-60.
  • Gloeckl R, Heinzelmann I, Seeberg S, et al. Effects of complementary whole-body vibration training in patients after lung transplantation: a randomized, controlled trial. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015;34:1455–1461. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2015.07.002.
  • Gloeckl R, Richter P, Winterkamp S, et al. Cardiopulmonary response during whole-body vibration training in patients with severe COPD. ERJ Open Res. 2017;3:00101-2016. doi:10.1183/23120541.00101-2016.
  • Jones S, Man WDC, Gao W, et al. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;10: CD009419.
  • Dehail P, Duclos C, Barat M. Electrical stimulation and muscle strengthening. Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2008;51(6):441–51. doi:10.1016/j.annrmp.2008.05.001.
  • Maffiuletti NA. Physiological and methodological considerations for the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;110:223–234. doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1502-y.
  • Maddocks M, Nolan CM, Man WDC, et al. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve exercise capacity in patients with severe COPD: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2016;4:27–36. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00503-2.
  • Thompson W, Gordon N, Pescatello L. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 8th ed. London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
  • Vivodtzev I, Pépin J-L, Vottero G, et al. Improvement in quadriceps strength and dyspnea in daily tasks after 1 month of electrical stimulation in severely deconditioned and malnourished COPD. Chest. 2006;129:1540–1548. doi:10.1378/chest.129.6.1540.
  • Neder J, Sword D, Ward S, et al. Home based neuromuscular electrical stimulation as a new rehabilitative strategy for severely disabled patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thorax. 2002;57:333–337. doi:10.1136/thorax.57.4.333.
  • Bourjeily-Habr G, Rochester C, Palermo F, et al. Randomised controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation of the lower extremities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2002;57:1045–1049. doi:10.1136/thorax.57.12.1045.
  • Dal Corso S, Nápolis L, Malaguti C, et al. Skeletal muscle structure and function in response to electrical stimulation in moderately impaired COPD patients. Respir Med. 2007;101:1236–1243. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.023.
  • Zanotti E, Felicetti G, Maini M, Fracchia C. Peripheral muscle strength training in bed-bound patients with COPD receiving mechanical ventilation: effect of electrical stimulation. Chest. 2003;124:292–296. doi:10.1378/chest.124.1.292.
  • Hill K, Cavalheri V, Mathur S, et al. Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5: CD010821 .
  • Spruit MA, Pitta F, Garvey C, et al. Differences in content and organisational aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. Eur Respir J. 2014;43:1326–1337. doi:10.1183/09031936.00145613.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.