Water Treatment by Adsorption Columns: Evaluation at Ground Level

REFERENCES

• Nemerow , N. and Dasgupta , A. 1991 . Industrial and Hazardous Waste Treatment , New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Tchobanoglous , G. and Franklin , L.B. 1991 . Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse , New York : McGraw Hill, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , I. and Aboul-Enein , H.Y. 2004 . Chiral Pollutants: Distribution, Toxicity and Analysis by Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis , Chichester , , UK : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Franklin , L.B. 1991 . Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse , New York : McGraw Hill, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Dyson , T. 1996 . Population and Food: Global Trends and Future Prospects , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , I. and Aboul-Enein , H.Y. 2006 . “ Instrumental methods in metal ions speciation: Chromatography ” . In Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrochemistry , New York : Taylor & Francis Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , I. , Aboul-Enein , H.Y. and Gupta , V.K. 2009 . Nano Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis: Pharmaceutical and Environmental Analyses , Hoboken , NJ : Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Vettorazzi , G. 1979 . International Regulatory Aspects for Pesticide Chemicals , Vol. 1 , Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , J.W. and Ramamoorthy , S. 1984 . Heavy Metals in Natural Waters: Applied Monitoring and Impact Assessment , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Mattson , J.S. and Mark , H.B. 1971 . Activated Carbon Surface Chemistry and Adsorption from Aqueous Solution , New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Cheremisinoff , P.N. and Ellerbush , F. 1979 . Carbon Adsorption Handbook , Ann Arbor , MI : Ann Arbor Science .
   Google Scholar
• Parekh , B.S. 1988 . Reverse Osmosis Technology: Applications for High Purity Water Production , New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Zahid , A. 1993 . Reverse Osmosis , Munich , , Germany : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• McNulty , J.T. 1984 . “ Anion exchange resin kinetics in mixed bed condensate polishing ” . In Ion Exchange Technology , Edited by: Naden , D. and Streat , M. Chichester , , UK : Ellis Norwood .
   Google Scholar
• Samuel , D.F. and Osman , M.A. 1987 . Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment , Boston , MA : Butterworth .
   Google Scholar
• Faust , S.D. and Aly , O.M. 1983 . Chemistry of Water Treatment , Stoneham , MA : Butterworth .
   Google Scholar
• Suffet , I.H. and McGuire , M.J. 1980 . Activated Carbon Adsorption of Organics from the Aqueous Phase , Ann Arbor , MI : Ann Arbor Science .
   Google Scholar
• Slejko , F.L. 1985 . Adsorption Technology, A Step-By-Step Approach to Process Evaluation and Application , New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , I. and Jain , C.K. 2005 . “ Water treatment and recycling technologies ” . In Water Encyclopedia: Domestic, Municipal, and Industrial Water Supply and Waste Disposal, Lehr, J , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Weber , W.J. Jr. and Vanvliet , B.M. 1980 . “ Fundamental concept for application of activated carbon in water and waste water treatment ” . In Activated Carbon Adsorption of Organics from the Aqueous Phase , Edited by: Suffet , I.H. and McGuire , M.J. Ann Arbor , MI : Ann Arbor Science .
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , V.K. and Ali , I. 2002 . “ Adsorbents for water treatment: Low cost alternatives to carbon ” . In Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science , Edited by: Hubbard , A. Vol. 1 , New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Ali , I. 2010 . The quest for active carbon adsorbent substitutes: Inexpensive adsorbents for toxic metal ions removal from wastewater . Sep. Purif. Rev. , 39 : 95 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , I. , Khan , T.A. and Asim , M. 2011 . Removal of arsenic from water by electrocoagulation and electrodialysis techniques . Sep. Purif. Rev. , 40 : 25 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , I. and Gupta , V.K. 2006 . Advances in water treatment by adsorption technology . Nature London , 1 : 2661 – 2667 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , I. 2012 . New generation adsorbents for water treatment . Chem. Rev. (ACS) , 112 : 5073 – 5091 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , M.A. and Khan , T.A. 2012 . Low cost adsorbents for removal of organic pollutants from wastewater . J. Environ. Manag. , 113 : 170 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyman , W.J. 1987 . “ Applicability of carbon adsorption to the treatment of hazardous industrial waste ” . In Carbon Adsorption Handbook , Edited by: Cheremisinoff , P.N. and Ellerbusch , F. Ann Arbor , MI : Ann Arbor Sci. Publ .
   Google Scholar
• Bansal , R.P. , Donnet , J.P. and Stoeckli , F. 1988 . Active Carbon , New York : Marcel Dekker Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Do , D.D. 1998 . Adsorption Analysis: Equilibria and Kinetics , Vol. 2 , London , , UK : Imperial College Press .
   Google Scholar
• An , B. , Steinwinder , T.R. and Zhao , D. 2005 . Selective removal of arsenate from drinking water using a polymeric ligand exchanger . Water Res. , 39 : 4993 – 5004 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , H. , Wang , L. , Zhang , R. , Sui , J. and Xu , G. 2006 . Treatment of groundwater polluted by arsenic compounds by zero valent iron . J. Hazard. Mater. , 129 : 297 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , R. , Wang , Y. , Yu , W. , Zou , W. , Shi , J. and Liu , H. 2007 . Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by rice husk in a fixed-bed column . J. Hazard. Mater. , 141 : 713 – 718 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , H.C. 1944 . Heterogeneous ion exchange in a flowing system . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 66 : 1664 – 1666 .
   Google Scholar
• Wenhong , Li. , Yue , Q. , Tu , P. , Ma , Z. , Gao , B. , Li , J. and Xu , X. 2011 . Adsorption characteristics of dyes in columns of activated carbon prepared from paper mill sewage sludge . Chem. Eng J. , 178 : 197 – 203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , W.J. Jr . 1985 . “ Adsorption technology: A step by step approach to process evaluation and application ” . In Adsorption Technology A Step-by-step Approach to Process Evaluation and Application , Edited by: Slejko , F.L. New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Ko , D.C.K. , Porter , J.F. and McKay , G. 2001 . Film-pore diffusion model for the fixed bed sorption of copper and cadmium ions onto bone char . Water Res. , 35 : 3876 – 3886 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Marco , M. , Sen Gupta , A.K. and Greenleaf , J.E. 2003 . Arsenic removal using a polymeric/inorganic hybrid sorbent . Water Res. , 37 : 164 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smedley , P.L. and Kinniburgh , D.G. 2002 . A review of the source, behavior and distribution of arsenic in natural water . Appl. Geochem. , 17 : 517 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamura , Y. and Yamauchi , H. 1980 . Arsenic metabolites in hair, blood and urine in workers exposed to arsenic trioxide . Indust. Health , 18 : 203 – 210 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kiping , M.D. 1977 . In Arsenic, the Chemical Environment, Environment and Man , Edited by: Lenihan , J. and Fletcher , W.W. Vol. 6 , London : Glasgow .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1981 . Environmental Health Criteria, 18: Arsenic , Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Pershagen , G. 1983 . “ Biological and environmental effects of arsenic ” . In The Epidemiology of Human Arsenic Exposure; Fowler, B.A , Amsterdam , , The Netherlands : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Csanady , M. and Straub , I. September, 1994 1995 . Health damage due to pollution in Hungary , September, 1994 , Proceedings of the IAHS Rome Symposium . IAHS Publ. No. 233Akademiai Kiado Publisher: Hungary.
   Google Scholar
• Alan , G. 1995 . Water Pollution and Fish Physiology , 57 Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Genc-Fuhrman , H. , Bregnhøj , H. and McConchie , D. 2005 . Arsenate removal from water using sand–red mud columns . Water Res. , 39 : 2944 – 2954 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , J. , Xu , L. , Meng , Y. , Cheng , C. and Li , A. 2011 . Adsorption of Cu2+ on new hyper-crosslinked polystyrene adsorbent: Batch and column studies . Chem. Eng. , 178 : 108 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vijayaraghavan , K. , Jegan , J. , Palanivelu , K. and Velan , M. 2004 . Removal of nickel(II) ions from aqueous solution using crab shell particles in a packed bed up-flow column . J. Hazard. Mater. , 113 : 223 – 230 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamala , C.T. , Chu , K.H. , Chary , N.S. , Pandey , P.K. , Ramesh , S.L. , Sastry , A.R. and Sekhar , K.C. 2005 . Removal of arsenic(III) from aqueous solutions using fresh and immobilized plant biomass . Water Res. , 39 : 2815 – 2826 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo , X.J. and Chen , F.H. 2005 . Elimination of As(V) by bead cellulose adsorbent loaded with Fe (beta-FeOOH) from groundwater . Huan. Jing. Ke. Xue. , 26 : 66 – 72 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yuan , T. , Hu , J.Y. , Ong , S.L. , Luo , Q.F. and Ng , W.J. 2002 . Arsenic removal from household drinking water by adsorption . J. Environ. Sci. Health. A Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. , 37 : 1721 – 1736 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santhy , K. and Selvapathy , P. 2006 . Removal of reactive dyes from wastewater by adsorption on coir pith activated carbon . Bioresour. Technol. , 97 : 1329 – 1336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , U. and Bandyopadhyay , M. 2006 . Fixed bed column study for Cd(II) removal from wastewater using treated rice husk . J. Hazard. Mater. , 129 : 253 – 259 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulfadhly , Z. , Mashitah , M.D. and Bhatia , S. 2001 . Heavy metals removal in fixed-bed column by the macro fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus . Environ. Pollut. , 112 : 463 – 470 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández , Y. , Marañón , E. , Castrillón , L. and Vázquez , I. 2005 . Removal of Cd and Zn from inorganic industrial waste leachate by ion exchange . J. Hazard. Mater. , 126 : 169 – 175 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan , G. and Viraraghavan , T. 2001 . Heavy metal removal in a biosorption column by immobilized M. rouxii biomass . Bioresour. Technol. , 78 : 243 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , R. , Zou , W. , Li , Y. and Shi , J. 2006 . Copper(II) and lead(II) removal from aqueous solution in fixed-bed columns by manganese oxide coated zeolite . J. Hazard. Mater. , 137 : 934 – 942 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel , J. , Kadirvelu , K. , Rajagopal , C. and Kumar Garg , V. 2005 . Removal of lead(II) by adsorption using treated granular activated carbon: batch and column studies . J. Hazard. Mater. , 125 : 211 – 220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai , S.R. and Abraham , T.E. 2005 . Continuous adsorption and recovery of Cr(VI) in different types of reactors . Biotechnol. Prog. , 21 : 1692 – 1699 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min , B. , Evans , P.J. , Chu , A.K. and Logan , B.E. 2004 . Perchlorate removal in sand and plastic media bioreactors . Water Res. , 38 : 47 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel , J. , Kadirvelu , K. , Garg , V.K. , Meena , A. , Chopra , R. , Chauhan , D. , Rawat , A. , Kumar , S. , Mishra , G.K. and Rajagopal , C. 2005 . A pilot scale evaluation for adsorptive removal of lead (II) using treated granular activated carbon . Environ. Technol. , 26 : 489 – 499 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lionel , H. and Newcombe , G. 2010 . Granular activated carbon adsorption of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB): Pilot- and laboratory-scale evaluations . J. Environ. Eng. , 136 : 965 – 974 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintelas , C. , Fonseca , B. , Silva , B. , Figueiredo , H. and Tavares , T. 2009 . Treatment of chromium(VI) solutions in a pilot-scale bioreactor through a biofilm of Arthrobacter viscosus supported on GAC . Biores. Technol. , 100 : 220 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar , S. , Gupta , A. , Biswas , R.K. , Deb , A.K. , Greenleaf , J.E. and Sengupta , A.K. 2005 . Well-head arsenic removal units in remote villages of Indian subcontinent: Field results and performance evaluation . Water Res. , 39 : 2196 – 2206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S.W. , Kim , J.Y. , Lee , J.U. , Ko , I. and Kim , K.W. 2004 . Removal of arsenic in tailings by soil flushing and the remediation process monitoring . Environ. Geochem. Health , 26 : 403 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon , S. , Sullivan , E.J. , Katz , L. , Kinney , K. and Bowman , R. 21 September 2008 through 24 September 2008 2008 . Pilot scale test of a produced water-treatment system for initial removal of organic compounds , 21 September 2008 through 24 September 2008 , Denver , CO : SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, ATCE 2008 .
   Google Scholar
• Guo , H. , Stüben , D. , Berner , Z. and Kramar , U. 2008 . Adsorption of arsenic species from waterusing activated siderite-hematite column filters . J. Hazard. Mater. , 151 : 628 – 635 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang , M. , Min , S.H. , Park , J.K. and Tlachac , E.J. 2007 . Hydrous ferric oxide incorporated diatomite for remediation of arsenic contaminated groundwater . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 41 : 3322 – 3328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohapatra , D. , Mishra , D. , Chaudhury , G.R. and Das , R.P. 2007 . An investigation into the prospects of arsenic(v) removal from contaminated groundwater using untreated bauxite ore . J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. , 42 : 831 – 838 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra , D. and Farrell , J. 2005 . Evaluation of mixed valent iron oxides as reactive adsorbents for arsenic removal . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 9689 – 9694 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang , S. , Korfiatis , G.P. and Meng , X. 2005 . Removal of arsenic from water by zero-valent iron . J. Hazard. Mater. , 121 : 61 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leupin , O.X. and Hug , S.J. 2005 . Oxidation and removal of arsenic (III) from aerated groundwater by filtration through sand and zero-valent iron . Water Res. , 39 : 1729 – 1740 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köber , R. , Welter , E. , Ebert , M. and Dahmke , A. 2005 . Removal of arsenic from groundwater by zerovalent iron and the role of sulfide . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 8038 – 8044 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deschamps , E. , Ciminelli , V.S. and Höll , W.H. 2005 . Removal of As(III) and As(V) from water using a natural Fe and Mn enriched sample . Water Res. , 39 : 5212 – 5220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , Z. , Van Geen , A. , Louis , R. , Nikolaidis , N. and Bailey , R. 2005 . Removal of methylated arsenic in groundwater with iron filings . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 7662 – 7666 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo , X. and Chen , F. 2005 . Removal of arsenic by bead cellulose loaded with iron oxyhydroxide from groundwater . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 6808 – 6818 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperlich , A. , Werner , A. , Genz , A. , Amy , G. , Worch , E. and Jekel , M. 2005 . Breakthrough behavior of granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) fixed-bed adsorption filters: Modeling and experimental approaches . Water Res. , 39 : 1190 – 1198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takanashi , H. , Tanaka , A. , Nakajima , T. and Ohki , A. 2004 . Arsenic removal from groundwater by a newly developed adsorbent . Water Sci.Technol. , 50 : 23 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badruzzaman , M. , Westerhoff , P. and Knappe , D.R. 2004 . Intraparticle diffusion and adsorption of arsenate onto granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) . Water Res. , 38 : 4002 – 4012 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahramanlioglu , M. and Güçlü , K. 2004 . Equilibrium, kinetic and mass transfer studies and column operations for the removal of arsenic(III) from aqueous solutions using acid treated spent bleaching earth . Environ. Technol. , 25 : 1067 – 1076 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daus , B. , Wennrich , R. and Weiss , H. 2004 . Sorption materials for arsenic removal from water: A comparative study . Water Res. , 38 : 2948 – 2954 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , R. , Wang , Y. and Tang , H. 2002 . Removal of arsenate by a new type of ion exchange fiber . Huan. Jing. Ke. Xue. , 23 : 88 – 91 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzuki , T.M. , Tanaka , D.A. , Tanco , M.A. , Kanesato , M. and Yokoyama , T. 2000 . Adsorption and removal of oxo-anions of arsenic and selenium on the zirconium(IV) loaded polymer resin functionalized with diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N′-polyacetic acid . J. Environ. Monit. , 2 : 550 – 555 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu , Z. , Fang , J. and Deng , B. 2005 . Preparation and evaluation of GAC-based iron-containing adsorbents for arsenic removal . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 3833 – 3843 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allende , K.L. , Fletcher , T.D. and Sun , G. 2012 . The effect of substrate media on the removal of arsenic, boron and iron from an acidic wastewater in planted column reactors . Chem. Eng. J. , 179 : 119 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodeiro , P. , Herrero , R. and de Vicente , M.E. 2006 . The use of protonated Sargassum muticum as biosorbent for cadmium removal in a fixed-bed column . J. Hazard. Mater. , 137 : 244 – 253 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin , J. and Ayele , J. 2003 . Removal of some heavy metal cations from aqueous solutions by spruce sawdust. II. Adsorption-desorption through column experiments . Environ. Technol. , 24 : 491 – 502 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkoc , E. , Nuhoglu , Y. and Dundar , M. 2006 . Adsorption of chromium(VI) on pomace—An olive oil industry waste: Batch and column studies . J. Hazard. Mater. , 138 : 142 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo , I.M. , Lam , C.S. and Lai , K.C. 2006 . Hardness and carbonate effects on the reactivity of zero-valent iron for Cr(VI) removal . Water Res. , 40 : 595 – 605 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarin , V. , Singh , T.S. and Pant , K.K. 2006 . Thermodynamic and breakthrough column studies for the selective sorption of chromium from industrial effluent on activated eucalyptus bark . Bioresour Technol. , 97 : 1986 – 1993 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deepa , K.K. , Sathishkumar , M. , Binupriya , A.R. , Murugesan , G.S. , Swaminathan , K. and Yun , S.E. 2006 . Sorption of Cr(VI) from dilute solutions and wastewater by live and pretreated biomass of Aspergillus flavus . Chemosphere , 62 : 833 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goswami , S. , Bhat , S.C. and Ghosh , U.C. 2006 . Crystalline hydrous ferric oxide: an adsorbent for chromium(VI)-contaminated industrial wastewater treatment . Water Environ Res. , 78 : 986 – 993 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guha , S. and Bhargava , P. 2005 . Removal of chromium from synthetic plating waste by zero-valent iron and sulfate-reducing bacteria . Water Environ. Res. , 77 : 411 – 416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yahaya , N.K.E.M. , Abustan , I. , Latiff , M.F.P.M. , Bello , O.S. and Ahmad , M.A. 2011 . Fixed-bed column study for Cu (II) removal from aqueous solutions using rice husk based activated carbon . Int. J. Eng. Technol. , 11 : 248 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Gupta , V.K. , Gupta , M. and Sharma , S. 2001 . Process development for the removal of lead and chromium from aqueous solutions using red mud-An aluminium industry waste . Water Res. , 35 : 1125 – 1134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Färm , C. 2002 . Metal sorption to natural filter substrates for storm water treatment--column studies . Sci. Total Environ. , 298 : 17 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondal , M.K. 2009 . Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution using activated tea waste: Adsorption on a fixed-bed column . J. Environ. Manag. , 90 : 3266 – 3271 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan , B. , Chen , X. , Zhang , W. , Zhang , X. , Zhang , Q. and Chen , J. J. 2006 . Preparation and preliminary assessment of polymer-supported zirconium phosphate for selective lead removal from contaminated water . Water Res. , 40 : 2938 – 2946 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turan , M. , Mart , U. , Yüksel , B. and Celik , M.S. 2005 . Lead removal in fixed-bed columns by zeolite and sepiolite . Chemosphere , 60 : 1487 – 1492 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taty-Costodes , V.C. , Fauduet , H. , Porte , C. and Ho , Y.S. 2005 . Removal of lead (II) ions from synthetic and real effluents using immobilized Pinus sylvestris sawdust: adsorption on a fixed-bed column . J. Hazard. Mater. , 123 : 135 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitrova , S.V. 2002 . Use of granular slag columns for lead removal . Water Res. , 36 : 4001 – 4008 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisener , C.G. , Sale , K.S. , Smyth , D.J. and Blowes , D.W. 2005 . Field column study using zero valent iron for mercury removal from contaminated groundwater . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 6306 – 6312 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunasagar , D. , Krishna , M.V. , Rao , S.V. and Arunachalam , J. 2005 . Removal and preconcentration of inorganic and methyl mercury from aqueous media using a sorbent prepared from the plant Coriandrum sativum . J. Hazard. Mater. , 118 : 133 – 139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oztürk , N. and Kavak , D. 2005 . Adsorption of boron from aqueous solutions using fly ashes: Batch and column studies . J. Hazard. Mater. , 127 : 81 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz , A.E. , Boncukcuoglu , R. , Yilmaz , M.T. and Kocakerim , M.M. 2005 . Adsorption of boron from boron-containing wastewaters by ion exchange in a continuous reactor . J. Hazard. Mater. , 117 : 221 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talnikar , V.D. , Pant , K.K. and Shukla , N.P. 2004 . A field study and continuous removal of fluoride in a packed column . J. Environ. Sci. Eng. , 46 : 289 – 292 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pietrelli , L. 2005 . Fluoride wastewater treatment by adsorption onto metallurgical grade alumina . Ann. Chim. , 95 : 303 – 312 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murugan , M. and Subramanian , E. 2006 . Studies on defluoridation of water by tamarind seed, an unconventional biosorbent . J. Water Health , 4 : 453 – 461 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee , L.Y. , Ong , S.L. and Ng , W.J. 2004 . Denitrification of nitrate wastewater using packed-bed columns . Water Environ. Res. , 76 : 388 – 393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamasaki , T. , Fujikawa , Y. , Sugahara , M. , Ozaki , H. , Yano , T. , Imada , R. , Prasai , G. , Tainaka , Y. , Nakamura , W. and Haruki , F. 2004 . Re-evaluation and re-construction of water purification system using soil. II. Removal of pollutants from infiltrating water . Water Sci. Technol. , 50 : 369 – 372 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cougnaud , A. , Faur , C. and Le Cloirec , P. 2005 . Removal of pesticides from aqueous solution: Quantitative relationship between activated carbon characteristics and adsorption properties . Environ. Technol. , 26 : 857 – 866 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh , P.K. and Philip , L. 2005 . Performance evaluation of waste activated carbon on atrazine removal from contaminated water . J. Environ. Sci. Health B , 40 : 425 – 441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polubesova , T. , Nir , S. , Zadaka , D. , Rabinovitz , O. , Serban , C. , Groisman , L. and Rubin , B. 2005 . Water purification from organic pollutants by optimized micelle-clay systems . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 2343 – 2348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta , V.K. , Ali , I. and Saini , V.K. 2004 . Removal of chlorophenols from wastewater using red mud: An aluminum industry waste . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38 : 4012 – 4018 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abburi , K. 2003 . Adsorption of phenol and p-chlorophenol from their single and bisolute aqueous solutions on Amberlite XAD-16 resin . J. Hazard. Mater. , 105 : 143 – 156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatnagar , A. 2007 . Removal of bromophenols from water using industrial wastes as low cost adsorbents . J. Hazard. Mater. , 139 : 93 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delval , F. , Crini , G. and Vebrel , J. 2006 . Removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions by adsorbents prepared from an agroalimentary by-product . Bioresour. Technol. , 97 : 2173 – 2181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temmink , H. and Grolle , K. 2005 . Tertiary activated carbon treatment of paper and board industry wastewater . Bioresour. Technol. , 96 : 1683 – 1689 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar , S. , Gupta , A. , Biswas , R.K. , Deb , A.K. , Greenleaf , J.E. and Sengupta , A.K. 2005 . Well-head arsenic removal units in remote villages of Indian subcontinent: Field results and performance evaluation . Water Res. , 39 : 2196 – 2206 . 2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S.W. , Kim , J.Y. , Lee , J.U. , Ko , I. and Kim , K.W. 2004 . Removal of arsenic in tailings by soil flushing and the remediation process monitoring . Environ. Geochem. Health , 26 : 403 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao , F. , Davidsavor , K.J. , Park , S. , Nakayama , M. and Phillips , B.R. 2012 . Batch and column study: Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants from water and cosolvent systems by Amberlite XAD resins . J. Coll. Interf. Sci. , 368 : 505 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J.W. , Jung , H.J. , Kwak , D.H. and Chung , P.G. 2005 . Adsorption of dichloromethane from water onto a hydrophobic polymer resin XAD-1600 . Water Res. , 39 : 617 – 629 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . Mar. 2001, USA 2001 . Engineering and Design: Adsorption Design Guide , Mar. 2001, USA , Department of the Army, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . DG 1110-1-2, Design Guide, No. 1110-1-2, 1Author: Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar