Identity and Exclusion in the Post–War Era: Zimbabwe's Women Former Freedom Fighters

References

• Alao , A. 1995 . “ The Metamorphosis of the “Unorthodox”: The Integration and Early Development of the Zimbabwe National Army ” . In Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War , Edited by: Bhebe , N. and Ranger , T. Vol. 1 , 104 – 107 . Harare : University of Zimbabwe Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Barth , E. F. 2002 . Peace as Disappointment: The Reintegration of Female Soldiers in Post-Conflict Societies — A Comparative Study from Africa , Oslo : International Peace Research Institute . available at www.peacewomen.org/resources/DDR/AfricaBarth.html
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , H. 2003 . Reclaiming Zimbabwe: The Exhaustion of the Patriarchal Model of Liberation , South Africa : New Africa Books .
   Google Scholar
• Farr , V. 2000 . Gendering Demobilisation as a Peacebuilding Tool , Bonn : BICC . 2003, ‘The Importance of a Gender Perspective to Successful Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Processes’ in Disarmament Forum.
   Google Scholar
• Financial Gazette . 28 August 1997 . Ex-combatants cry foul as inquiry unfolds 28 August ,
   Google Scholar
• Kingma K. 2002 , ‘ Demobilisation, Reintegration and Peacebuilding in Africa ’ in International Peacekeeping 9 ( 2 ) Summer .
   Google Scholar
• Kingma , K. , ed. 2000 . Demobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Development and the Security Impacts , United Kingdom : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Kriger , N. 2003 . Guerilla Veterans in Post-War Zimbabwe: Symbolic and Violent Politics, 1980–1987 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lyons , T. 2004 . Guns and Guerilla Girls: Women in the Zimbabwean Liberation Struggle , Trenton : Africa World Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mazarire G. , Rupiya M. 2000 , ‘ Two Wrongs Do Not Make a Right: A Critical Assessment of Zimbabwe's Demobilisation and Reintegration Programmes, 1980–2000 ’ in Journal of Peace, Conflict and Military Studies 1 ( 1 ) March .
   Google Scholar
• Mugabe , R. G. 1983 . Our War of Liberation: Speeches, Articles, Interviews 1976–1979 , Gweru : Mambo Press .
   Google Scholar
• Musemwa , M. 1995 . “ The Ambiguities of Democracy: The Demobilisation of Zimbabwean Ex-Combatants and The Ordeal of Rehabilitation, 1980–1993 ” . In Demobilisation and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Africa , Edited by: Cilliers , J. South Africa : Institute of Defence Policy .
   Google Scholar
• Nhongo-Simbanegavi , J. 2000 . For Better or Worse? Women and ZANLA in Zimbabwe's Liberation Struggle , Harare : Weaver Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rupiya , M. 1996 . “ Demobilisation and Integration: “Operation Merger” and the Zimbabwe National Defence Forces, 1980–1987 ” . In Dismissed: Demobilisation and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Africa , Edited by: Cilliers , J. 27 – 43 . South Africa : Institute of Defence Policy .
   Google Scholar
• The Sunday Mail . 22 November 1981 . Are Men Fighting Shy of Marrying the Guerilla Girls? 22 November , Liberation the Real Reward, Says Nhongo’ 29 November; 1982, ‘At Ease! Women Settle into Army Life’ 28 March; 1996, ‘Why ZNA Being Downsized’ 11 August
   Google Scholar
• United Nations . 1999 . Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration of Ex-combatants in a Peacekeeping Environment , New York : United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations .
   Google Scholar
• Werbner , R. 1998 . “ Smoke from the Barrel of a Gun: Post Wars of the Dead, Memory and Reinscription in Zimbabwe ” . In Memory and the Post Colony: African Anthropology and the Critique of Power , Edited by: Werbner , R . 71 – 102 . London : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• ZIANA . 7 November 1981 . Demob Benefits Unclaimed 7 November ,
   Google Scholar
• Zimbabwe Women Writers . 2000 . Women of Resilience: The Voices of Women Combatants , London & Harare : African Books Collective .
   Google Scholar