Optimum N Rate for Sustainable Rice-Wheat System Under Tillage and Crop Residue Management

REFERENCES

• Baumhardt , R.L. and Jones , O.R. 2002 . Residue management and tillage effects on soil-water storage and grain yield of dryland wheat and sorghum for a clay loam in Texas . Soil Till. Res , 68 : 71 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird , J.A , Horwath , W.R , Eagle , A.J. and Kessel , C.V. 2001 . Immobilization of fertilizer nitrogen in rice: Effects of straw management practices . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J , 65 : 1,143 – 1,152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake , G.R. 1965 . “ Bulk density ” . In Methods of soil analysis, part I, agronomy series no. 9 , Edited by: Black , C.A. 374 – 390 . Madison , WI : American Soc. Agron .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , C.A. , Zentner , R.P. , Selles , F. , McConkey , B.G. and Dyck , F.B. 1993 . Nitrogen management for spring wheat grown annually on zero- tillage: Yield and nitrogen use efficiency . Agron. J. , 85 : 107 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christianson , C.B and Vlek , P.L.G. 1991 . Alleviating soil fertility constraints to food production in West Africa: Efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to food crops . Fertilizer Res. , 29 : 21 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cossey , D.A. , Thomason , W.E. , Mullen , R.W. , Wyun , K.J. , Woolfolk , C.W. , Johnson , G.V. and Raun , W.R. 2002 . Relationship between ammonium and nitrate in wheat plant tissue and estimated nitrogen loss . J. Plant Nutr. , 25 ( 7 ) : 1,429 – 1,442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalling , M.J. 1985 . “ The physiological basis of nitrogen redistribution during grain filling in cereals ” . In Exploitation of physiological and genetic variability to enhance crop productivity , Edited by: Harper , J.E. , Schrader , L.E. and Howell , R.W. 55 – 71 . Rockville , MD : American Society of Plant Physiologists .
   Google Scholar
• Doran , J.W. 1980 . Soil microbial and biochemical changes associated with reduced tillage . Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J , 44 : 765 – 771 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagle , A.J. , Bird , J.A. , Horwath , W.R. , Linquist , B.A. , Brouder , S.M. , Hilland , J.E. and van Kessel , C. 2000 . Rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under alternative straw management practices . Agron. J , 92 : 1,096 – 1,103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , R.H. and Bandel , V.A. 1986 . “ Nitrogen utilization with no-tillage ” . In In No-tillage and surface tillage agriculture, the tillage revolution , Edited by: Sprague , M.A. and Triplett , G.B. 117 – 148 . New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Gajri , P.R. , Arora , V.K. and Prihar , S.S. 1992 . Tillage management for efficient water and nitrogen use in wheat following rice . Soil Till. Res , 24 : 167 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazarika , S. and Sarkar , M.C. 1995 . Effect of integrated N management on the recovery of fertilizer N by rice . J. Nuclear Agri. Biol , 25 ( 1 ) : 32 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Hesse , P.R. 1994 . A textbook of soil chemical analysis , New Delhi , , India : CBS Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Hussain , G. , Al-Jaloud , A.A. and Karimulla , S. 1996 . Effect of treated effluent irrigation and nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat . Agric. Water Manag , 30 : 175 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , M.L. 1967 . Soil chemical analysis , New Delhi , , India : Prentice Hall of India .
   Google Scholar
• Kirchhof , G. , Priyono , S. , Utomo , W.H. , Adisarwanto , T. , Dacaney , E.V. and So , H.B. 2000 . The effect of soil puddling on the soil physical properties and the growth of rice and post-rice crops . Soil Till. Res , 56 : 37 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klute , A. 1965 . “ Laboratory measurement of hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil ” . In Methods of soil analysis, part I, agronomy series no. 9 , Edited by: Black , C.A. 210 – 220 . Madison , WI : American Soc. Agron .
   Google Scholar
• Ladha , J.K. , Dawe , D. , Pathak , H. , Padre , A.T. , Yadav , R.L. , Singh , B. Singh , Y. 2003 . How extensive are yield declines in long-term rice-wheat experiments in Asia? . Field Crops Res , 81 : 159 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loftas , T. 1995 . Dimensions of need , Rome , FAO : Edited by Tony Loftas .
   Google Scholar
• Mae , T. 1997 . Physiological nitrogen efficiency in rice: Nitrogen utilization, photosynthesis, and yield potential . Plant Soil , 196 : 201 – 210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi , S.S. , Grant , C.A. , Johnson , A.M. and Gill , K.S. 2001 . Nitrogen fertilization management for no-till cereal production in the Canadian Great Plains: A review . Soil Till. Res , 60 : 101 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra , A. K. 1980 . “ Water use and yield of wheat as influenced by pan evaporation based irrigation scheduling ” . In PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Technology , India : Kharagpur .
   Google Scholar
• Mohanty , M. , Painuli , D.K. , Misra , A.K. , Bandyopadhyaya , K.K. and Ghosh , P.K. 2005 . Estimating impact of puddling, tillage and residue management on wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) seedling emergence and growth in a rice–wheat system using nonlinear regression models . Soil Till. Res , 87 : 119 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pathak , H. , Ladha , J.K. , Aggarwal , P.L. , Peng , S. , Das , S. , Singh , Y. Singh , B. 2003 . Trends of climatic potential and on-farm yields of rice and wheat in the Indo-Gangetic Plains . Field Crop Res , 80 ( 3 ) : 223 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao , A.V. and Tarafdar , J.C. 1998 . Decomposition of crop residues under different soil water conditions in Aridisol . J. Ind. Soc. Soil Sci , 46 ( 4 ) : 614 – 619 .
   Google Scholar
• Rasse , D.P. , Smucker , A.J.M. and Santos , D. 2000 . Alfaalfa root and shoot mulching effects on soil hydraulic properties and aggregation . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J , 64 : 725 – 731 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reicosky , D.C. , Dugas , W.A. and Torbert , H.A. 1997 . Tillage induced soil carbon dioxide loss for different cropping systems . Soil Till. Res , 41 : 105 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russel , D.F. and Einsensmith , S.P. 1986 . M-STATC: Design, management and research tool, version 1.41 , East Lansing , MI : Crop and Soil Science Department, Michigan State University .
   Google Scholar
• Sarkar , R. and Kar , S. 2005 . Evaluation of management strategies for sustainable rice-wheat cropping system, using DSSAT seasonal analysis . J. Agric. Sci , 144 ( 5 ) : 421 – 434 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma , D.K. 1994 . Effect of scheduling irrigation based on pan evaporation to wheat on sodic soils . J. Ind. Soc. Soil Sci , 42 ( 3 ) : 346 – 351 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , P.K. , DeDatta , S.K. and Redulla , C.A. 1988 . Tillage effects on soil physical properties and wetland rice yield . Agron. J , 80 : 34 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma , S.N. and Prasad , R. 2002 . Effect of crop residue with and without a culture of cellulolytic fungi on yield, NPK uptake and soil fertility under rice-wheat cropping system . Archives Agron. Soil Sci , 48 : 363 – 370 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , G.P. , Beri , V. and Sidhu , B.S. 1995 . Humification of rice and wheat residues in soil . J. Ind. Soc. Soil Sci , 43 ( 1 ) : 17 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Soon , Y.K. , George , W.C. and Wendell , A.R. 2001 . Tillage and previous crop effects on dynamics of nitrogen in a wheat–soil system . Agron. J , 93 : 842 – 849 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upadhyaya , P.N. and Patel , G.R. 1992 . Nitrogen management in rice . J. Ind. Soc. Soil Sci , 40 ( 2 ) : 383 – 385 .
   Google Scholar
• Walkley , A. and Black , C.A. 1934 . An estimation of Degtjadeff methods for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modifications of the chromic acid titration method . Soil Sci , 37 : 29 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar