Effect of Shade on Growth and Yield of Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Biotypes and a Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar from Asia

REFERENCES

• Azmi , M. , Abdullah , M. Z. , Mislamah , B. and Baki , B. B. 2000 . “ Management of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.): the Malaysian experience ” . In Wild and weedy rice in rice ecosystems in Asia—A review, Limited Proceedings No. 2 , Edited by: Baki , B. B. , Chin , D. V. and Mortimer , M. 91 – 96 . Los Baños , Philippines : International Rice Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Azmi , M. , Muhamad , H. and Johnson , D. E. 2005 . Impact of weedy rice infestation on rice yield and influence of crop establishment technique . Proceedings of the 20th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Asian Pacific Weed Science Society , : 507 – 513 .
   Google Scholar
• Azmi , M. and Karim , S. M. R. 2008 . Weedy rice: Biology, ecology, and management , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia : Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI .
   Google Scholar
• Azmi , M. , Watanabe , H. , Abdullah , M. Z. and Zainal , A. H. 1994 . Padi angin, an emerging threat to direct-seeded rice. Proceedings of the Malaysian Congress of Science and Technology , Kuala Lumpur : Confederation of Scientific and Technological Association in Malaysia .
   Google Scholar
• Bello , I. A. , Owen , M. D. K. and Hatterman-Valent , H. M. 1995 . Effect of shade on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) growth, seed production, and dormancy . Weed Technol , 9 : 452 – 455 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caton , B. P. , Foin , T. C. and Hill , J. E. 1997 . Phenotypic plasticity of Ammannia spp. in competition with rice . Weed Res , 37 : 33 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan , B. S. 2012a . Weed ecology and weed management strategies for dry-seeded rice in Asia . Weed Technol , 26 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan , B. S. 2012b . Weedy rice (Oryza sativa) II. Response of weedy rice to seed burial and flooding depth . Weed Sci , 60 : 385 – 388 .
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan , B. S. and Johnson , D. E. 2010a . The role of seed ecology in improving weed management strategies in the tropics . Adv. Agron , 105 : 221 – 262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan , B. S. and Johnson , D. E. 2010b . Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) I. Grain characteristics and growth response to competition of weedy rice variants from five Asian countries . Weed Sci , 58 : 374 – 380 .
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan , B. S. and Johnson , D. E. 2011 . Competitive interactions between weedy rice and cultivated rice as a function of added nitrogen and the level of competition . Weed Biol. Manage , 11 : 202 – 209 .
   Google Scholar
• Chauhan , B. S. , Singh , R. G. and Mahajan , G. 2012a . Ecology and management of weeds under conservation agriculture: A review . Crop Prot , 38 : 57 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan , B. S. , Singh , V. P. , Kumar , A. and Johnson , D. E. 2011 . Relations of rice seeding rates to crop and weed growth in aerobic rice . Field Crops Res , 121 : 105 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan , B. S. , Mahajan , G. , Sardana , V. , Timsina , J. and Jat , M. L. 2012b . Productivity and sustainability of the rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of the Indian subcontinent: Problems, opportunities, and strategies . Adv. Agron , 117 : 315 – 369 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin , D. V. 2001 . Biology and management of barnyardgrass, red sprangletop, and weedy rice . Weed Biol. Manage , 1 : 37 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Delouche , J. C. , Burgos , N. R. , Gealy , D. R. , de San Martin , G. Z. , Labrada , R. , Larinde , M. and Rosell , C. 2007 . Weedy rices—origin, biology, ecology, and control , Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization . FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 188
   Google Scholar
• Gallandt , E. R. 2006 . How can we target the weed seedbank? . Weed Sci , 54 : 588 – 596 .
   Google Scholar
• GenStat 8.0 . 2005 . GenStat Release 8 , Oxford , UK : Reference Manual VSN International .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , K. D. and Fischer , A. J. 2001 . Relative growth and photosynthetic response of water-seeded rice and Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch to shade . Int. J. Pest Manage , 47 : 305 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , K. D. , Fischer , A. J. and Foin , T. C. 2001 . Shading and the growth and photosynthetic responses of Ammannia coccinnea . Weed Res , 41 : 59 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , K. D. , Fischer , A. J. and Foin , T. C. 2004 . Compensatory responses of late watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon) and rice to resource limitations . Weed Sci , 52 : 271 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , D. T. 1979 . The effects of shading on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata) . Weed Sci , 27 : 549 – 553 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , D. T. 1982 . Shading responses of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus) . Weed Sci , 30 : 25 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suh , H. S. 2008 . Weedy rice , Seodun-dong , Korea : National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA .
   Google Scholar
• Ziska , L. H. , Tomecek , M. B. and Gealy , D. R. 2010 . Competitive interactions between cultivated and red rice as a function of recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide . Agron. J , 102 : 118 – 123 .
   Google Scholar