426
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Psychosocial and Cultural Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among American Indian Early Adolescents on a Northern Plains Reservation

, , &
Pages 119-143 | Published online: 05 Dec 2007

REFERENCES

  • American Psychiatric Association. 1987 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 3rd ed., revised Washington, DC : Author .
  • Anderman , E. M. 2002 . School effects on psychological outcomes during adolescence. . Journal of Educational Psychology , 94 : 795 – 809 .
  • Andrews , J. and Lewinsohn , P. 1992 . Suicide attempts among older adolescents: Prevalence and cooccurrence with psychiatric disorders. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 34 : 912 – 918 .
  • Angold , A. and Costello , E. J. 1995 . “ The epidemiology of depression in children and adolescents. ” . In The depressed child and adolescent: Developmental and clinical perspectives , Edited by: Goodyer , I. 127 – 148 . Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
  • Bachman , R. 1992 . Death and violence on the reservation. , New York : Auburn House .
  • Battistich , V. , Solomon , D. , Watson , M. and Schaps , E. 1997 . Caring school communities. . Educational Psychologist , 32 : 137 – 151 .
  • Beals , J. , Manson , S. M. , Mitchell , C. M. and Spicer , P. 2003 . Cultural specificity and comparison in psychiatric epidemiology: Walking the tightrope on American Indian research. . Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry , 27 : 259 – 289 .
  • Beck , A. T. 1987 . Cognitive models of depression. . Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy , 1 : 5 – 37 .
  • Beck , A. T. , Weissman , A. , Lester , D. and Trexler , L. 1974 . Alcohol abuse and eventual suicide: A 5-to 10-year prospective study of alcohol-abusing suicide attempters. . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 50 : 202 – 209 .
  • Berman , A. L. and Schwartz , R. H. 1990 . Suicide attempts among adolescent drug users. . American Journal of Diseases of Children , 144 : 310 – 314 .
  • Blum , R. W. , Harmon , B. , Harris , L. , Bergeisen , L. and Resnick , M. D. 1992 . American Indian-Alaska Native youth health. . Journal of the American Medical Association , 267 : 1637 – 1644 .
  • Boggs , S. T. 1953 . Culture change and the personality of Ojibwe children. . American Anthropologist , 60 : 47 – 58 .
  • Brent , D. A. , Baugher , M. , Bridge , J. , Chen , T. and Chiappetta , L. 1999 . Age-and sex-related risk factors for adolescent suicide. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 38 : 1497 – 1505 .
  • Brent , D. A. , Perper , J. A. , Moritz , G. , Baugher , M. , Schweers , J. and Roth , C. 1994 . Suicide in affectively ill adolescents: A case-control study. . Journal of Affective Disorders , 31 : 193 – 202 .
  • Bureau of Indian Affairs. 1997 . Indian labor force report: Portrait 1997. , Washington, DC : Author .
  • Canetto , S. S. 1998 . Meanings of gender and suicidal behavior among adolescent. . Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior , 27 : 339 – 351 .
  • Chandler , M. and Proulx , T. 2006 . Changing selves in changing worlds: Youth suicide on the fault-lines of colliding cultures. . Archives of Suicide Research , 10 : 125 – 140 .
  • Choney , S. K. , Berryhill-Paapke , E. and Robbins , R. R. 1995 . “ The acculturation of American Indians: Developing frameworks for research and practice. ” . In Handbook of multicultural counseling , Edited by: Ponterotto , J. G. , Casas , J. M. , Suzuki , L. A. and Alexander , C. M. 73 – 82 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Cole , D. 1989 . Psychopathology of adolescent suicide: Hopelessness, coping beliefs, and depression. . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 98 : 248 – 255 .
  • Costello , E. J. , Farmer , E. M. Z. , Angold , A. , Burns , B. J. and Erkanli , A. 1997 . Psychiatric disorders among American Indian and White youth in Appalachia: The Great Smoky Mountains study. . American Journal of Public Health , 87 : 827 – 832 .
  • Cuellar , I. and Roberts , R. E. 1997 . Relations of depression, acculturation, and socioeconomic status in a Latino sample. . Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , 19 : 230 – 238 .
  • DeCoteau , T. , Hope , D. A. and Anderson , J. 2003 . Anxiety, stress, and health among Northern Plains Native Americans. . Behavior Therapy , 34 : 365 – 380 .
  • Denham , A. R. Rethinking historical trauma: Narratives of resilience. . Transcultural Psychiatry. ,
  • Dinges , N. G. and Duong-Tran , Q. 1993 . Stressful life events and co-occurring depression, substance abuse and suicidality among American Indian and Alaska Native adolescents. . Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry , 16 : 487 – 502 .
  • Dubow , E. F. , Kausch , D. F. , Blum , M. C. , Reed , J. and Bush , E. 1989 . Correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts in a community sample of junior high and high school students. . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 18 : 158 – 166 .
  • Durkheim , E. 1951 . Suicide: A study in sociology , Edited by: Spaulding , J. A. and Simpson , G. New York : Free Press. (Original work published 1897) .
  • EchoHawk , M. 1997 . Suicide: The scourge of Native American people. . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 27 : 60 – 67 .
  • Esposito , C. L. and Clum , G. A. 2002 . Psychiatric symptoms and their relationship to suicidal ideation in a high-risk adolescent community sample. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 41 : 44 – 51 .
  • Esposito , C. , Johnson , B. , Wolfsdorf , B. A. and Spirito , A. 2003 . “ Cognitive factors: Hopelessness, coping, and problem-solving. ” . In Evaluating and treating adolescent suicide attempters: From research to practice , Edited by: Spirito , A. and Overholser , J. C. 147 – 159 . San Diego, CA : Academic .
  • Essau , C. A. , Conradt , J. and Petermann , F. 2000 . Frequency, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment of depressive disorders in adolescents. . Journal of Adolescent Research , 15 : 470 – 481 .
  • Foster , M. H. 2006 . We know who we are: Metis identity in a Montana community. , Norman : University of Oklahoma Press .
  • Fryberg , S. A. and Markus , H. R. 2003 . On being American Indian: Current and possible selves. . Self and Identity , 2 : 325 – 344 .
  • Garrett , M. T. and Pichette , E. F. 2000 . Red as an apple: Native American acculturation and counseling with or without reservation. . Journal of Counseling and Development , 78 : 3 – 13 .
  • Goldsmith , S. K. , Pellmar , T. C. , Kleinman , A. M. and Bunney , W. E. 2002 . Reducing suicide: A national imperative. , Washington, DC : The National Academies Press .
  • Goodenow , C. 1993 . The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates. . Psychology in the Schools , 30 : 79 – 90 .
  • Goodenow , C. and Grady , K. E. 1993 . The relationship of school belonging and friends' values to academic motivation among urban adolescent students. . Journal of Experimental Education , 62 : 60 – 71 .
  • Gould , M. S. , King , R. , Greenwald , S. , Fisher , P. , Schwab-Stone , M. and Kramer , R. 1998 . Psychopathology associated with suicidal ideation and attempts among children and adolescents. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 37 : 915 – 923 .
  • Grossman , D. C. , Milligan , B. C. and Deyo , R. A. 1991 . Risk factors for suicide attempts among Na-vajo adolescents. . American Journal of Public Health , 81 : 870 – 874 .
  • Grunbaum , J. A. , Kann , L. , Kinchen , S. , Ross , J. , Hawkins , J. and Lowry , R. 2004 . Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2003. . MMWR Surveillance Summaries: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries/CDC , 53 ( 2 ) : 1 – 96 .
  • Guiao , I. Z. and Thompson , E. A. 2004 . Age and problem behaviors among adolescent multi-ethnic females. . Issues in Mental Health Nursing , 25 : 147 – 164 .
  • Hawkins , E. H. , Cummins , L. H. and Marlatt , G. A. 2004 . Preventing substance abuse in American Indian and Alaska Native youth: Promising strategies for healthier communities. . Psychological Bulletin , 130 : 304 – 323 .
  • Howard-Pitney , B. , LaFromboise , T. D. , Basil , M. , September , B. and Johnson , M. 1992 . Psychological and social indicators of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in Zuni adolescents. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 60 : 473 – 476 .
  • Indian Health Service. 2000 . Regional differences in Indian health 1998–1999. , Rockville, MD : Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services .
  • Indian Health Service. 2002 . Trends in Indian health 1998–1999. , Rockville, MD : Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services .
  • Iwasaki , Y. , Barlett , J and O'Neil , J. 2005 . Coping with stress among Aboriginal women and men with diabetes in Winnipeg, Canada. . Social Science and Medicine , 60 : 977 – 988 .
  • Kazdin , A. E. , Rodgas , A. and Colbus , D. 1986 . The Hopelessness Scale for Children: Psychometric characteristics and concurrent validity. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54 : 241 – 245 .
  • Keane , E. M. , Dick , B. W. , Bechtold , D. W. and Manson , S. M. 1996 . Predictive and concurrent validity of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire among American Indian adolescents. . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 24 : 735 – 747 .
  • Kellerman , N. P. F. 2001 . Transmission of holocaust trauma: An integrative view. . Psychiatry , 64 : 256 – 267 .
  • Kienhorst , I. , De Wilde , E. J. , Dykstra , R. and Wolters , W. 1995 . Adolescents' image of their suicide attempt. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 34 : 623 – 628 .
  • King , C. A. , Ghaziuddin , N. , McGovern , L. , Brand , E. , Hill , E. and Naylor , M. 1996 . Predictors of comorbid alcohol and substance abuse in depressed adolescents. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 35 : 743 – 751 .
  • Kirkcaldy , B. D. , Eysenck , M. W. and Siefen , G. R. 2004 . Psychological and social predictors of suicidal ideation among young adolescents. . School Psychology International , 25 : 301 – 316 .
  • Kovacs , M. , Goldston , D. and Gatsonis , C. 1993 . Suicidal behaviors and childhood-onset depressive disorders: A longitudinal investigation. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 32 : 8 – 20 .
  • Kraemer , H. , Lowe , K. and Kupfer , D. 2005 . To your health: How to understand what research tells us about risk. , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Kraemer , H. C. , Stice , E. , Kazdin , A. , Offord , D. and Kupfer , D. 2001 . How do risk factors work together? Mediators, moderators, and independent, overlapping, and proxy risk factors. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 158 : 848 – 856 .
  • LaFromboise , T. D. 1991 . Zuni Life Skills Development Curriculum. , Stanford, CA : Stanford University .
  • LaFromboise , T. D. 1995 . American Indian Life Skills Development Curriculum. , Madison : University of Wisconsin Press .
  • LaFromboise , T. , Coleman , H. and Gerton , J. 1993 . Psychological aspects of bicultural competence: Evidence and theory. . Psychological Bulletin , 114 : 395 – 412 .
  • LaFromboise , T. D. and Howard-Pitney , B. 1995 . The Zuni Life Skills Development Curriculum: Description and evaluation of a suicide prevention program. . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 42 : 479 – 486 .
  • LaFromboise , T. D. , Hoyt , D. , Oliver , L. and Whitbeck , L. 2006 . Family, community, and school influences on resilience among American Indian adolescents in the upper Midwest. . Journal of Community Psychology , 34 : 193 – 209 .
  • Laurent , A. , Foussard , N. , David , M. , Boucharlat , J. and Bost , M. 1998 . A 5-year follow-up study of suicide attempts among French adolescents. . Journal of Adolescent Health , 22 : 424 – 430 .
  • Lefley , H. P. 1976 . Acculturation, child-rearing, and self-esteem in two North American Indian tribes. . Ethos , 4 : 385 – 401 .
  • LeMaster , P. L. , Beals , J. , Novins , D. K. and Manson , S. M. 2004 . The prevalence of suicidal behaviors among Northern Plains American Indians. . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 34 : 242 – 254 .
  • Lester , D. 1999 . Native American suicide rates, acculturation stress and traditional integration. . Psychological Reports , 84 : 398
  • Lewinsohn , P. M. and Essau , C. A. 2002 . “ Depression in adolescents. ” . In Handbook of depression , Edited by: Gotlib , I. H. and Hammen , C. L. 541 – 559 . New York : Guilford .
  • Lewinsohn , E. M. , Rhode , E. and Seeley , J. R. 1996 . Adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. . Clinical Psychology Science and Practice , 3 : 25 – 36 .
  • Long , K. 1983 . The experience of repeated and traumatic loss among Crow Indian children: Response patterns and intervention strategies. . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 53 : 116 – 126 .
  • Manson , S. M. , Ackerson , L. M. , Dick , R. W. , Baron , A. E. and Fleming , C. M. 1990 . Depressive symptoms among American Indian adolescents. Psychometric characteristics of the CES-D scale. . Psychological Assessment , 67 : 231 – 237 .
  • Manson , S. , Shore , J. and Bloom , J. 1985 . “ The depressive experience in American Indian communities: A challenge for psychiatric theory and diagnosis. ” . In Culture and depression: Studies in anthropology and cross-cultural psychiatry of affect and disorder , Edited by: Kleinman , A. and Good , B. 331 – 368 . New York : Guilford .
  • Marciano , P. L. and Kazdin , A. E. 1994 . Self-esteem, depression, hopelessness, and suicidal intent among psychiatrically disturbed inpatient children. . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 23 : 151 – 160 .
  • May , P. A. 1987 . Suicide and self-destruction among American Indian youths. . American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research , 1 : 52 – 69 .
  • McCormick , R. M. 2000 . Aboriginal traditions in the treatment of substance abuse. . Canadian Journal of Counseling , 34 : 25 – 32 .
  • Mehlenbeck , R. , Spirito , A. , Barnett , N. and Overholser , J. 2003 . “ Behavioral factors: Substance use. ” . In Evaluating and treating adolescent suicide attempters: From research to practice , Edited by: Spirito , A. and Overholser , J. C. 113 – 145 . San Diego, CA : Academic .
  • Mitchell , C. M. , O'Nell , T. D. , Beals , J. , Dick , R. W. , Keane , E. and Manson , S. M. 1996 . Dimensionality of alcohol use among American Indian adolescents: Latent structure, construct validity, and implications for developmental research. . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 6 : 151 – 180 .
  • Mock , C. N. , Grossman , D. , Mulder , D. , Stewart , C. and Koepsell , T. S. 1996 . Health care utilization as a marker for suicidal behavior on an American Indian reservation. . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 11 : 519 – 524 .
  • Myers , H. F. , Kagawa-Singer , M. , Kumanyika , S. K. , Lex , B. W. and Markides , K. S. 1995 . Panel 111. Behavioral risk factors related to chronic diseases in ethnic populations. . Health Psychology , 14 : 613 – 621 .
  • Negron , R. , Piacentini , J. , Graae , F. , Davis , M. and Shaffer , D. 1997 . Microanalysis of adolescent suicide attempters and ideators during the acute suicidal episode. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 36 : 1512 – 1519 .
  • Nock , M. K. and Kazdin , A. E. 2002 . Examination of affective, cognitive, and behavioral factors and suicide-related outcomes in children and young adolescents. . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 31 : 48 – 58 .
  • Nolen-Hoeksema , S. and Girgus , J. S. 1994 . The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. . Psychological Bulletin , 115 : 424 – 443 .
  • Novins , D. K. , Beals , J. , Roberts , R. E. and Manson , S. M. 1999 . Factors associated with suicide ideation among American Indian adolescents: Does culture matter? . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 29 : 332 – 346 .
  • O'Nell , T. D. 1992–1993 . “Feeling worthless”: An ethnographic investigation of depression and problem drinking at the Flathead Reservation. . Cultural Medicine and Psychiatry , 16 : 447 – 469 .
  • Overholser , J. C. , Freiheit , S. R. and DiFilippo , J. M. 1997 . Emotional distress and substance abuse as risk factors for suicide attempts. . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 42 : 402 – 408 .
  • Pearce , E. and Martin , G. 1994 . Predicting suicide attempts among adolescents. . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 90 : 324 – 328 .
  • Pfeffer , C. R. 2002 . Suicide in mood disordered children and adolescents. . Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 11 : 639 – 648 .
  • Pfeffer , C. R. , Klerman , G. , Hurt , S. , Kakuma , T. , Peskin , J. and Siefker , C. 1993 . Suicidal children grow up: Rates and psychosocial risk factors for suicide attempts during follow up. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 32 : 106 – 113 .
  • Pine , C. J. 1981 . Suicide in American Indian and Alaska Native tradition. . White Cloud Journal , 2 ( 3 ) : 3 – 8 .
  • Resnick , M. D. , Bearman , P. S. , Blum , R. M. , Bauman , K. E. , Harris , K. M. and Jones , J. 1997 . Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the national longitudinal study on adolescent health. . Journal of the American Medical Association , 278 : 823 – 832 .
  • Reynolds , W. M. 1988 . Suicide ideation questionnaire professional manual. , Lutz, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
  • Reynolds , W. M. 2002 . Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-second edition professional manual. , Lutz, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
  • Rohde , P. , Seeley , J. R. , Kaufman , N. K. , Clarke , G. N. and Stice , E. 2006 . Predicting time to recovery among depressed adolescents treated in two psychosocial group interventions. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 74 : 80 – 88 .
  • Romero , A. J. and Roberts , R. 2003 . Stress within a bicultural context for adolescents of Mexican descent. . Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , 9 : 171 – 184 .
  • Roski , J. , Perry , C. L. , McGovern , P. G. , Veblen-Mortenson , S. and Farbakhsh , K. 1997 . Psycho-social factors associated with alcohol use among young adolescent American Indians and whites. . Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse , 7 ( 2 ) : 1 – 18 .
  • Rotheram-Borus , M. J. , Walker , J. U. and Ferns , W. 1996 . Suicidal behavior among middle-class adolescents who seek crisis services. . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 52 : 137 – 143 .
  • Rubenstein , J. L. , Halton , A. , Katen , L. , Rubin , C. and Stechler , G. 1998 . Suicidal behavior in adolescents: Stress and protection in different family contexts. . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 68 : 274 – 284 .
  • Sandin , B. , Chorot , P. , Santed , M. A. , Valiente , R. M. and Joiner , T. 1998 . Negative life events and adolescent suicidal behavior: A critical analysis from the stress process perspective. . Journal of Adolescence , 21 : 415 – 426 .
  • Sawchuk , C. , Roy-Bryne , P. , Goldberg , J. , Manson , S. , Noonan , C. and Beals , J. 2005 . The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and cardiovascular disease in an American Indian tribe. . Psychological Medicine , 35 : 1785 – 1794 .
  • Shaffer , D. , Gould , M. S. , Fisher , P. , Trautman , P. , Moreau , D. and Kleinman , M. 1996 . Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide. . Archives of General Psychiatry , 53 : 339 – 348 .
  • Shahar , G. , Bareket , M. , Rudd , D. and Joiner , T. E. 2006 . In severely suicidal young adults, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation constitute a single syndrome. . Psychological Medicine , 36 : 913 – 922 .
  • Shaughnessy L., Branum, C., Everett-Jones, S. (2001). 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of high school students attending Bureau funded schools. Retrieved July 5, 2000, from the Bureau of Indian Affairs Web site: http://www.indianeduresearch.net/youthrisk.pdf/
  • Spirito , A. , Plummer , B. , Gispert , M. , Levy , S. , Kurkijan , J. and Lewander , W. 1992 . Adolescent suicide attempts: Outcomes at follow-up. . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 40 : 464 – 468 .
  • Spirito , A. , Williams , C. , Stark , L. J. and Hart , K. 1988 . The Hopelessness Scale for Children: Psychometric properties and clinical utility with normal and emotionally disturbed adolescents. . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 16 : 445 – 458 .
  • Steele , C. M. and Aronson , J. 1995 . Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 : 797 – 811 .
  • Steer , R. A. , Kumar , G. and Beck , A. T. 1993 . Self-reported suicidal ideation in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 6 : 1096 – 1099 .
  • Struthers , R. and Lowe , J. 2003 . Nursing in the Native American culture and historical trauma. . Issues in Mental Health Nursing , 24 : 257 – 272 .
  • Sunday , J. , Eyles , J. and Upshur , R. 2001 . Applying Aristotle's doctrine of causation to Aboriginal and biomedical understandings of diabetes. . Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry , 25 : 63 – 85 .
  • Tigges , B. B. 2003 . Parental consent and adolescent risk behavior research. . Journal of Nursing Scholarship , 35 : 283 – 289 .
  • U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. (2004, July). Broken promises: Evaluating the Native American health care system. Retrieved July 21, 2004, from http://www.usccr.gov/
  • Vizenor , G. R. 2000 . The everlasting sky: Voices of the Anishinabe people. , St. Paul : Minnesota Historical Society Press .
  • Walters , K. L. 1999 . Urban American Indian identity attitudes and acculturation styles. . Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment , 2 : 163 – 178 .
  • Walters , K. L. , Simoni , J. M. and Evans-Campbell , T. 2002 . Substance use among American Indians and Alaska natives: Incorporating culture in an “indigenist” stress-coping paradigm. . Public Health Reports , 117 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 104 – 117 .
  • Whitbeck , L. B. , Chen , X. , Hoyt , D. R. and Adams , G. W. 2004 . Discrimination, historical loss and enculturation: Culturally specific risk and resiliency factors for alcohol abuse among American Indians. . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 65 : 409 – 508 .
  • Whitbeck , L. B. , Hoyt , D. R. , Stubben , J. D. and LaFromboise , T. D. 2001 . Traditional culture and academic success among American Indian children in the Upper Midwest. . Journal of American Indian Education , 40 : 48 – 60 .
  • Yellow Horse Brave and Heart , M. 2003 . The historical trauma response among natives and its relationship to substance abuse: A Lakota illustration. . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 35 : 7 – 13 .
  • Yoder , K. , Whitbeck , L. B. , Hoyt , D. R. and LaFromboise , T. D. 2006 . Suicidal ideation among American Indian youth. . Archives of Suicide Research , 10 : 177 – 190 .
  • Young , T. J. 1992 . Hostility and guilt among Native American students. . Psychological Reports , 70 : 1093 – 1094 .
  • Yuen , N. , Andrade , N. , Nahulu , L. , MaKini , G. , McDermott , J. F. and Danko , G. 1996 . The rate and characteristics of suicide attempters in the Native Hawaiian adolescent population. . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 26 : 27 – 36 .
  • Zimmerman , M. A. , Ramirez-Valles , J. , Washienko , K. M. , Walter , B. and Dyer , S. 1996 . The development of a measure of enculturation for Native American youth. . American Journal of Community Psychology , 24 : 295 – 310 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.