How Similar are Wise Men and Women? A Comparison Across Two Age Cohorts

REFERENCES

• Achenbaum , A. W. and Orwoll , L. 1991 . Becoming wise: A psycho-gerontological interpretation of the Book of Job . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 32 ( 1 ) : 21 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alleyne , M. D. 2004 . The global promotion of gender equality—A propaganda approach . Human Rights Review , 5 ( 3 ) : 103 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Ardelt , M. 2000 . Intellectual versus wisdom-related knowledge: The case for a different kind of learning in the later years of life . Educational Gerontology: An International Journal of Research and Practice , 26 ( 8 ) : 771 – 789 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardelt , M. 2003 . Development and empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale . Research on Aging , 25 ( 3 ) : 275 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardelt , M. 2004 . Wisdom as expert knowledge system: A critical review of a contemporary operationalization of an ancient concept . Human Development , 47 ( 5 ) : 257 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardelt , M. November 2006 . Are older adults wiser than college students? A comparison of two age cohorts , November , Dallas, TX : Paper presented at the Gerontological Society of America Annual Meetings .
   Google Scholar
• Ardelt , M. 2008a . “ Being wise at any age ” . In Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people Discovering Human Strengths , Edited by: Lopez , S. J. Vol. 1 , 81 – 108 . Westport, CT : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Ardelt , M. 2008b . “ Self-development through selflessness: The paradoxical process of growing wiser ” . In Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego , Edited by: Wayment , H. A. and Bauer , J. J. 221 – 233 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Baltes , P. B. , Staudinger , U. M. , Maercker , A. and Smith , J. 1995 . People nominated as wise: A comparative study of wisdom-related knowledge . Psychology and Aging , 10 ( 2 ) : 155 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedikovicová , J. and Ardelt , M. 2008 . The Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale in cross-cultural context: A comparison between American and Slovak college students . Studia Psychologica , 50 ( 2 ) : 179 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard-Fields , F. and Norris , L. 1995 . “ The development of wisdom ” . In Aging, spirituality, and religion. A handbook , Edited by: Kimble , M. A. , McFadden , S. H. , Ellor , J. W. and Seeber , J. J. 102 – 118 . Minneapolis, MN : Fortress Press .
   Google Scholar
• Blazina , C. 2001 . Analytic psychology and gender role conflict: The development of the fragile masculine self . Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training , 38 ( 1 ) : 50 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugman , G. M. 2000 . Wisdom: Source of narrative coherence and eudaimonia. Delft , The Netherlands : Eburon .
   Google Scholar
• Chandler , M. J. and Holliday , S. 1990 . “ Wisdom in a postapocalyptic age ” . In Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. 121 – 141 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clayton , V. P. and Birren , J. E. 1980 . “ The development of wisdom across the life-span: A reexamination of an ancient topic ” . In Life-span development and behavior , Edited by: Baltes , P. B. and Brim , O. G. Jr. Vol. 3 , 103 – 135 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi , M. and Rathunde , K. 1990 . “ The psychology of wisdom: An evolutionary interpretation ” . In Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. 25 – 51 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Denney , N. W. , Dew , J. R. and Kroupa , S. L. 1995 . Perceptions of wisdom: What is it and who has it? . Journal of Adult Development , 2 ( 1 ) : 37 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath , D. H. 1991 . Fulfilling lives: Paths to maturity and success , San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Holliday , S. G. and Chandler , M. J. 1986 . Wisdom: Explorations in adult competence , Basel, New York : Karger .
   Google Scholar
• Jung , C. G. 1971 . “ The stage of life ” . In The portable Jung , Edited by: Campbell , J. New York : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Kekes , J. 1983 . Wisdom . American Philosophical Quarterly , 20 ( 3 ) : 277 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kekes , J. 1995 . Moral wisdom and good lives , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , D. A. 1990 . “ Conceptualizing wisdom: The primacy of affect-cognition relations ” . In Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. 279 – 313 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kunzmann , U. and Baltes , P. B. 2003 . Wisdom-related knowledge: Affective, motivational, and interpersonal correlates . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 29 ( 9 ) : 1104 – 1119 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labouvie-Vief , G. 1990 . “ Wisdom as integrated thought: Historical and developmental perspectives ” . In Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. 52 – 83 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Le , T. N. 2008 . Age differences in spirituality, mystical experiences and wisdom . Ageing & Society , 28 : 383 – 411 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenson , M. R. , Jennings , P. A. , Aldwin , C. M. and Shiraishi , R. W. 2005 . Self-transcendence: Conceptualization and measurement . International Journal of Aging & Human Development , 60 ( 2 ) : 127 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lytton , H. and Romney , D. M. 1991 . Parents’ differential socialization of boys and girls: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 109 ( 2 ) : 267 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maercker , A. , Böhmig-Krumhaar , S. A. and Staudinger , U. M. 1998 . Existentielle Konfrontation als Zugang zu weisheitsbezogenem Wissen und Urteilen: Eine Untersuchung von Weisheitsnominierten [Existential confrontation as access to wisdom-related knowledge and judgment: A study of wisdom-nominees] . Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie , 30 ( 1 ) : 2 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Maslow , A. H. 1970 . Motivation and personality , 2nd , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Mead , M. 1944 . Women's social position . Journal of Educational Sociology , 17 : 453 – 462 .
   Google Scholar
• Orwoll , L. and Achenbaum , W. A. 1993 . Gender and the development of wisdom . Human Development , 36 : 274 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orwoll , L. and Perlmutter , M. 1990 . “ The study of wise persons: Integrating a personality perspective ” . In Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. 160 – 177 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Osbeck , L. M. and Robinson , D. N. 2005 . “ Philosophical theories of wisdom ” . In A handbook of wisdom. Psychological perspectives , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. and Jordan , J. 61 – 83 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pascual-Leone , J. 1990 . “ An essay on wisdom: Toward organismic processes that make it possible ” . In Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. 244 – 278 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , C. L. , Komro , K. A. , Jones , R. M. , Munson , K. , Williams , C. L. and Jason , L. 2002 . The measurement of wisdom and its relationship to adolescent substance use and problem behaviors . Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse , 12 ( 1 ) : 45 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , E. M. , Hirata , T. M. , Chandran , A. S. and Robinson , J. D. 1995 . “ Television promotion of gender equality in societies ” . In Gender, power, and communication in human relationships , Edited by: Kalbfleisch , P. J. and Cody , M. J. 277 – 304 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Sampson , E. E. 1977 . Psychology and the American ideal . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 35 ( 11 ) : 767 – 782 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , J. and Baltes , P. B. 1990 . Wisdom-related knowledge: Age/cohort differences in response to life-planning problems . Developmental Psychology , 26 ( 3 ) : 494 – 505 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternberg , R. J. 1990 . “ Wisdom and its relations to intelligence and creativity ” . In Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. 142 – 159 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg , R. J. 2000 . “ Intelligence and wisdom ” . In Handbook of intelligence , Edited by: Sternberg , R. J. 631 – 649 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg , R. J. 2005 . Older but not wiser? The relationship between age and wisdom . Ageing International , 30 ( 1 ) : 5 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Surrey , J. L. 1993 . Self-in-relations: A theory of women's development . Advanced Development , 5 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi , M. and Overton , W. F. 2002 . Wisdom: A culturally inclusive developmental perspective . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 26 ( 3 ) : 269 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taranto , M. A. 1989 . Facets of wisdom: A theoretical synthesis . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 29 ( 1 ) : 1 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster , J. D. 2003 . An exploratory analysis of a self-assessed wisdom scale . Journal of Adult Development , 10 ( 1 ) : 13 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster , J. D. 2007 . Measuring the character strength of wisdom . International Journal of Aging & Human Development , 65 ( 2 ) : 163 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wink , P. and Dillon , M. 2003 . Religiousness, spirituality, and psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study . Psychology and Aging , 18 ( 4 ) : 916 – 924 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , E. , Desmarais , S. and Gugula , S. 2002 . The impact of parenting experience on gender stereotyped toy play of children . Sex Roles , 47 ( 1/2 ) : 39 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar