Growing Up With Assets and Risks: The Importance of Self-Regulation for Academic Achievement

REFERENCES

• Allan , N. P. and Lonigan , C. J. 2011 . Examining the dimensionality of effortful control in preschool children and its relation to academic and socioemotional indicators . Developmental Psychology , 47 ( 4 ) : 905 – 915 . doi: 10.1037/a0023748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson , H. and Bergman , L. R. 2011 . The role of task persistence in young adolescence for successful educational and occupational attainment in middle adulthood . Developmental Psychology , 47 ( 4 ) : 950 – 960 . doi: 10.1037/a0023786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernier , A. , Carlson , S. M. and Whipple , N. 2010 . From external regulation to self-regulation: Early parenting precursors of young children's executive functioning . Child Development , 81 ( 1 ) : 326 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best , J. R. and Miller , P. H. 2010 . A developmental perspective on executive function . Child Development , 81 ( 6 ) : 1641 – 1660 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01499.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bierman , K. L. , Domitrovich , C. E. , Nix , R. L. , Gest , S. D. , Welsh , J. A. , Greenberg , M. T. … and Gill , S. 2008 . Promoting academic and social-emotional school readiness: The Head Start REDI program . Child Development , 79 ( 6 ) : 1802 – 1817 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , C. 2010 . Stress and the development of self-regulation in context . Child Development Perspectives , 4 ( 3 ) : 181 – 188 . doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00145.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , C. and Diamond , A. 2008 . Biological processes in prevention and intervention: The promotion of self-regulation as a means of preventing school failure . Development and Psychopathology , 20 ( 3 ) : 899 – 911 . doi: 10.1017/S0954579408000436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , C. and Raver , C. C. 2012 . Child development in the context of adversity: Experiential canalization of brain and behavior . American Psychologist , 67 ( 4 ) : 309 – 318 . doi: 10.1037/a0027493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , C. and Razza , R. P. 2007 . Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten . Child Development , 78 ( 2 ) : 647 – 663 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01019.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair , C. , Zelazo , P. D. and Greenberg , M. T. 2005 . The measurement of executive function in early childhood . Developmental Neuropsychology , 28 ( 2 ) : 561 – 571 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley , R. H. , Corwyn , R. F. , McAdoo , H. P. and García Coll , C. 2001 . The home environments of children in the United States. Part I: Variations by age, ethnicity, and poverty status . Child Development , 72 : 1844 – 1867 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks-Gunn , J. and Markman , L. B. 2005 . The contribution of parenting to ethnic and racial gaps in school readiness . Future of Children , 15 ( 1 ) : 139 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron Ponitz , C. , McClelland , M. M. , Matthews , J. M. and Morrison , F. J. 2009 . A structured observation of behavioral self-regulation and its contribution to kindergarten outcomes . Developmental Psychology , 45 ( 3 ) : 605 – 619 . doi: 10.1037/a0015365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis-Kean , P. E. 2005 . The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: The indirect role of parental expectations and the home environment . Journal of Family Psychology , 19 ( 2 ) : 294 – 304 . doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.19.2.294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond , A. 2002 . “ Normal development of prefrontal cortex from birth to young adulthood: Cognitive functions, anatomy, and biochemistry ” . In Principles of frontal lobe function , Edited by: Stuss , D. T. and Knight , R. T. 466 – 503 . London , , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duckworth , A. L. , Quinn , P. D. and Tsukayama , E. 2012 . What No Child Left Behind leaves behind: The roles of IQ and self-control in predicting standardized achievement test scores and report card grades . Journal of Educational Psychology , 104 ( 2 ) : 439 – 451 . doi: 10.1037/a0026280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg , N. , Smith , C. L. and Spinrad , T. L. 2011 . “ Effortful control: Relations with emotion regulation, adjustment, and socialization in childhood ” . In Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications , 2nd , 263 – 283 . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Eisenberg , N. , Valiente , C. and Eggum , N. D. 2010 . Self-regulation and school readiness . Early Education & Development , 21 ( 5 ) : 681 – 698 . doi: 10.1080/10409289.2010.497451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entwisle , D. R. , Alexander , K. L. and Olson , L. S. 2005 . First grade and educational attainment by age 22: A new story . American Journal of Sociology , 110 ( 5 ) : 1458 – 1502 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , G. W. , Fuller-Rowell , T. E. and Doan , S. N. 2012 . Childhood cumulative risk and obesity: The mediating role of self-regulatory ability . Pediatrics , 129 ( 1 ) : e68 – e73 . doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3647
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Evans , G. W. and Rosenbaum , J. 2008 . Self-regulation and the income-achievement gap . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 23 ( 4 ) : 504 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galindo , C. and Fuller , B. 2010 . The social competence of Latino kindergartners and growth in mathematical understanding . Developmental Psychology , 46 ( 3 ) : 579 – 592 . doi: 10.1037/a0017821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garon , N. , Bryson , S. E. and Smith , I. M. 2008 . Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework . Psychological Bulletin , 134 ( 1 ) : 31 – 60 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gershoff , E. T. , Aber , J. L. , Raver , C. C. and Lennon , M. C. 2007 . Income is not enough: Incorporating maternal hardship into models of income associations with parenting and child development . Child Development , 78 ( 1 ) : 70 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gestsdóttir , S. and Lerner , R. M. 2007 . Intentional self-regulation and positive youth development in early adolescence: Findings from the 4-H study of positive youth development . Developmental Psychology , 43 ( 2 ) : 508 – 521 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutman , L. M. , Sameroff , A. J. and Cole , R. 2003 . Academic growth curve trajectories from 1st grade to 12th grade: Effects of multiple social risk factors and preschool child factors . Developmental Psychology , 39 : 777 – 790 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halgunseth , L. C. , Ispa , J. M. and Rudy , D. 2006 . Parental control in Latino families: An integrated review of the literature . Child Development , 77 : 1282 – 1297 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , W.-J. 2012 . Bilingualism and academic achievement . Child Development , 83 ( 1 ) : 300 – 321 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01686.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , B. and Risley , T. R. 1995 . Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children , Baltimore , MD : Brookes Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Kline , R. B. 2005 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , 2nd , New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kochanska , G. and Knaack , A. 2003 . Effortful control as a personality characteristic of young children: Antecedents, correlates, and consequences . Journal of Personality , 71 : 1087 – 1112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lengua, L. J. (2009). Effortful control in the context of socioeconomic and psychosocial risk. APA Psychological Science Agenda, 23(1). http://www.apa.org/science/psa/jan09-sci-brief.html (http://www.apa.org/science/psa/jan09-sci-brief.html)
   Google Scholar
• Lengua , L. J. , Honorado , E. and Bush , N. R. 2007 . Contextual risk and parenting as predictors of effortful control and social competence in preschool children . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 28 : 40 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Y. , Lerner , J. V. and Lerner , R. M. 2010 . Personal and ecological assets and academic competence in early adolescence: The mediating role of school engagement . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 39 ( 7 ) : 801 – 815 . doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9535-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liew , J. 2012 . Effortful control, executive functions, and education: Bringing self-regulatory and social-emotional competencies to the table . Child Development Perspectives , 6 ( 2 ) : 105 – -111 . doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00196.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li-Grining , C. P. , Votruba-Drzal , E. , Maldonado-Carreño , C. and Haas , K. 2010 . Children's early approaches to learning and academic trajectories through fifth grade . Developmental Psychology , 46 ( 5 ) : 1062 – 1077 . doi: 10.1037/a0020066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnuson , K. A. , Sexton , H. R. , Davis-Kean , P. E. and Huston , A. C. 2009 . Increases in maternal education and young children's language skills . Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology , 55 ( 3 ) : 319 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , M. M. , Acock , A. C. and Morrison , F. J. 2006 . The impact of kindergarten learning-related skills on academic trajectories at the end of elementary school . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 21 : 471 – 490 . doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2006.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , M. M. , Acock , A. C. , Piccinin , A. , Rhea , S. A. and Stallings , M. C. in press . Relations between preschool attention span-persistence and age 25 educational outcomes . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2012.07.008
   Google Scholar
• McClelland , M. M. and Cameron , C. E. 2012 . Self-regulation in early childhood: Improving conceptual clarity and developing ecologically-valid measures . Child Development Perspectives , 6 ( 2 ) : 136 – 142 . doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00191.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , M. M. , Cameron , C. E. , Connor , C. M. , Farris , C. L. , Jewkes , A. M. and Morrison , F. J. 2007 . Links between behavioral regulation and preschoolers' literacy, vocabulary and math skills . Developmental Psychology , 43 ( 4 ) : 947 – 959 . doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , M. M. , Cameron Ponitz , C. , Messersmith , E. and Tominey , S. 2010 . “ Self-regulation: The integration of cognition and emotion. In W. Overton (Vol. Ed.) ” . In Handbook of life-span human development. Vol. 1: Cognition, biology and methods , Edited by: Lerner , R. 509 – 553 . Hoboken , NJ : Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Mistry , R. S. , Benner , A. D. , Biesanz , J. C. , Clark , S. L. and Howes , C. 2010 . Family and social risk, and parental investments during the early childhood years as predictors of low-income children's school readiness outcomes . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 25 ( 4 ) : 432 – 449 . doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moffitt , T. E. , Arseneault , L. , Belsky , D. , Dickson , N. , Hancox , R. J. , Harrington , H. … and Ross , S. 2011 . A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 108 ( 7 ) : 2693 – 2698 . doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010076108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén , L. K. and Muthén , B. O. 2010 . Mplus user's guide , 6th , Los Angeles , CA : Authors .
   Google Scholar
• Obradovic , J. 2010 . Effortful control and adaptive functioning of homeless children: Variable-focused and person-focused analyses . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 31 ( 2 ) : 109 – 117 . doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2009.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pungello , E. P. , Kainz , K. , Burchinal , M. , Wasik , B. H. , Sparling , J. J. , Ramey , C. T. … and Campbell , F. A. 2010 . Early educational intervention, early cumulative risk, and the early home environment as predictors of young adult outcomes within a high-risk sample . Child Development , 81 ( 1 ) : 410 – 426 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raver , C. C. , Gershoff , E. T. and Aber , J. L. 2007 . Testing equivalence of mediating models of income, parenting, and school readiness for White, Black, and Hispanic children in a national sample . Child Development , 78 ( 1 ) : 96 – 115 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00987.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raver , C. C. , Jones , S. M. , Li-Grining , C. , Zhai , F. , Bub , K. and Pressler , E. 2011 . CSRP's impact on low-Income preschoolers' preacademic skills: Self-Regulation as a mediating mechanism . Child Development , 82 ( 1 ) : 362 – 378 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01561.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon , S. F. and Galindo , C. 2009 . The Hispanic-White achievement gap in math and reading in the elementary grades . American Educational Research Journal , 46 ( 3 ) : 853 – 891 . doi: 10.3102/0002831209333184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sektnan , M. , McClelland , M. M. , Acock , A. C. and Morrison , F. J. 2010 . Relations between early family risk, children's behavioral regulation, and academic achievement . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 25 ( 4 ) : 464 – 479 . doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tominey , S. L. and McClelland , M. M. 2011 . Red light, purple light: Findings from a randomized trial using circle time games to improve behavioral self-regulation in preschool . Early Education & Development , 22 ( 3 ) : 489 – 519 . doi: 10.1080/10409289.2011.574258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urban , J. B. , Lewin-Bizan , S. and Lerner , R. M. 2010 . The role of intentional self regulation, lower neighborhood ecological assets, and activity involvement in youth developmental outcomes . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 39 ( 7 ) : 783 – 800 . doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9549-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Suchodoletz , A. , Gestsdottir , S. , Wanless , S. B. , McClelland , M. M. , Birgisdottir , F. , Gunzenhauser , C. … and Ragnarsdottir , H. in press . Behavioral self-regulation and relations to emergent academic skills among children in Germany and Iceland . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2012.05.003
   Google Scholar
• Wanless , S. B. , McClelland , M. M. , Acock , A. C. , Ponitz , C. C. , Son , S. H. , Lan , X. … and Lee , K. 2011 . Measuring behavioral regulation in four societies . Psychological Assessment , 23 ( 2 ) : 364 – 378 . doi: 0.1037/a0021768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanless , S. B. , McClelland , M. M. , Tominey , S. L. and Acock , A. C. 2011 . The influence of demographic risk factors on children's behavioral regulation in prekindergarten and kindergarten . Early Education & Development , 22 ( 3 ) : 461 – 488 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodcock , R. W. and Muñoz-Sandoval , A. F. 1996 . Batería Woodcock-Muñoz-R: Pruebas de aprovechamiento-Revisada, Supplemental Manual , Itasca , IL : Riverside .
   Google Scholar
• Woodcock , R. W. and Mather , N. 2000 . Woodcock Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-III , Itasca , IL : Riverside .
   Google Scholar
• Zelazo , P. D. , Carlson , S. M. and Kesek , A. 2008 . “ The development of executive function in childhood ” . In Handbook of developmental cognitive neuroscience , 2nd , Edited by: Nelson , C. and Luciana , M. 553 – 574 . Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar