Multidimensionality of Well-Being and Spillover Effects Across Life Domains: How Do Parenthood and Personality Affect Changes in Domain-Specific Satisfaction?

REFERENCES

• Aassve, A., Goisis, A., & Sironi, M. (2012). Happiness and childbearing across Europe. Social Indicators Research, 108, 65–86. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9866-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alesina, A., Di Tella, R., & MacCulloch, R. (2004). Inequality and happiness: Are Europeans and Americans different? Journal of Public Economics, 88, 2009–2042. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2003.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Saboe, K. N., Cho, E., Dumani, S., & Evans, S. (2012). Dispositional variables and work–family conflict: A meta-analysis. Journal of. Vocational Behavior, 80, 17–26. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.04.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amstad, F. T., Meier, L. L., Fasel, U., Elfering, A., & Semmer, N. K. (2011). A meta-analysis of work-family conflict and various outcomes with a special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16, 151–169. doi:10.1037/a0022170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anusic, I., Yap, S. C. Y., & Lucas, R. E. (2014). Does personality moderate reaction and adaptation to major life events? Analysis of life satisfaction and affect in an Australian national sample. Journal of Research in Personality, 51, 69–77. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2013). The spillover-crossover model. In J. G. Grzywacz & E. Demeouti (Eds.), New frontiers in work and family research (pp. 54–70). Hove, England: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baltes, B. B., Zhdanova, L. S., & Clark, M. A. (2010). Examining the relationships between personality, coping strategies, and work–family conflict. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26, 517–530. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9207-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bittman, M., & Wajcman, J. (2000). The rush hour: The character of leisure time and gender equity. Social Forces, 79, 165–189. doi:10.1093/sf/79.1.165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliese, P. D., & Ployhart, R. E. (2002). Growth modeling using random coefficient models: Model building, testing, and illustrations. Organizational Research Methods, 5, 362–387. doi:10.1177/109442802237116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyce, C. J., & Wood, A. M. (2011). Personality prior to disability determines adaptation: Agreeable individuals recover lost life satisfaction faster and more completely. Psychological Science, 22, 1397–1402. doi:10.1177/0956797611421790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyce, C. J., Wood, A. M., & Brown, G. D. A. (2010). The dark side of conscientiousness: Conscientious people experience greater drops in life satisfaction following unemployment. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 535–539. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, T. J., Ferrara, K., & Schley, N. (2002). The relationship of pregnancy status to job satisfaction: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17, 63–72. doi:10.1023/A:1016248200163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buddelmeyer, H., Hamermesh, D. S., & Wooden, M. (2015). The stress cost of children (Melbourne Institute working paper No. 1/15).
   Google Scholar
• Bünning, M., & Pollmann-Schult, M. (2016). Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe. European Societies,1–20. doi:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153698
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byron, D. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 169–198. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carriero, R., Ghysels, J., & Van Klaveren, C. (2009). Do parents coordinate their work schedules? A comparison of Dutch, Flemish, and Italian dual-earner households. European Sociological Review, 25, 603–617. doi:10.1093/esr/jcn077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2002). Gender differences in the importance of work and family roles: Implications for work–family conflict. Sex Roles, 47, 531–541. doi:10.1023/A:1022021804846
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, A. E., Diener, E., Georgellis, Y., & Lucas, R. E. (2008). Lags and leads in life satisfaction: A test of the baseline hypothesis. Economic Journal, 118, F222–F243. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02150.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claxton, A., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (2008). No fun anymore: Leisure and marital quality across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 28–43. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00459.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Costa, P. T., Herbst, J. H., McCrae, R. R., & Siegler, I. C. (2000). Personality at midlife: Stability, intrinsic maturation, and response to life events. Assessment, 7, 365–378. doi:10.1177/107319110000700405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, K. D., Goodman, W., Pirretti, A. E., & Almeida, D. M. (2008). Nonstandard work schedules, perceived family well-being, and daily stressors. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 991–1003. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00541.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehne, M., & Schupp, J. (2007). Persönlichkeitsmerkmale im Soziooekonomischen Panel (SOEP) - Konzept, umsetzung und empirische eigenschaften [Personality characteristics in the Socio-economic Panel Study (SOEP) – concept, implementation, and psychometric properties] (DIW Research Notes 2007-26). Berlin, Germany: DIW Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., & Lucas, R. E. (1999). Personality and subjective well-being. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 213–229). New York, NY: Sage Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Scollon, C. N. (2006). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being. American Psychologist, 61, 305–314. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.4.305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Scollon, C. N., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. Advances in Cell. Aging and Gerontology, 15, 187–219. doi:10.1016/S1566-3124(03)15007-9
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkstra, M. T. M., Van Dierendonck, D., Evers, A., & De Dreu, C. K. W. (2005). Conflict and well‐being at work: The moderating role of personality. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20, 87–104. doi:10.1108/02683940510579740
   Google Scholar
• Elder, G. H., Jr. (1995). The life course paradigm: Social change and individual development. In G. H. Elder Jr. & K. Lüscher (Eds.), Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology of human development (pp. 101–136). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. (2009). The provision of childcare services: A comparative review of 30 European countries. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
   Google Scholar
• Evenson, R. J., & Simon, R. W. (2005). Clarifying the relationship between parenthood and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 46, 341–358. doi:10.1177/002214650504600403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagan, J., & Lee, Y. (2014). Longitudinal associations among fathers’ perception of coparenting, partner relationship quality, and paternal stress during early childhood. Family Process, 53, 80–96. doi:10.1111/famp.12055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleeson, W., & Gallagher, P. (2009). The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation in behavior: Fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 1097–1114. doi:10.1037/a0016786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freund, A. M., Knecht, M., & Wiese, B. S. (2014). Multidomain engagement and self-reported psychosomatic symptoms in middle-aged women and men. Gerontology, 60, 255–262. doi:10.1159/000358756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz, C., & Sonnentag, S. (2005). Recovery, health, and job performance: Effects of weekend experiences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 187–199. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.10.3.187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgellis, Y., Lange, T., & Tabvuma, V. (2012). The impact of life events on job satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 464–473. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.12.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, E., Gottschling, J., & Spinath, F. M. (2012). Short measurements of personality – Validity and reliability of the GSOEP Big Five Inventory (BFI-S). Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 355–359. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, T., Slagsvold, B., & Moum, T. (2009). Childlessness and psychological well-being in midlife and old age: An examination of parental status effects across a range of outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 94, 343–362. doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9426-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebl, M. R., King, E. B., Glick, P., Singletary, S. L., & Kazama, S. (2007). Hostile and benevolent reactions toward pregnant women: Complementary interpersonal punishments and rewards that maintain traditional roles. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1499–1511. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbst, C., & Ifcher, J. (2012). A bundle of joy: Does parenting really make us miserable? Retrieved from SSRN database. (1883839)
   Google Scholar
• Hitlin, S., & Elder, G. H. (2007). Time, self, and the curiously abstract concept of agency. Sociological Theory, 25, 170–191. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00303.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitlin, S., & Johnson, M. K. (2015). Reconceptualizing agency within the life course: The power of looking ahead. American Journal of Sociology, 120, 1429–1472. doi:10.1086/681216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hynes, K., & Clarkberg, M. (2005). Women’s employment patterns during early parenthood: A group-based trajectory analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 222–239. doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2005.00017.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, K. L., McCrae, R. R., Angleitner, A., Riemann, R., & Livesley, W. J. (1998). Heritability of facet-level traits in a cross-cultural twin sample: Support for a hierarchical model of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1556–1565. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 530–541. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keizer, R., Dykstra, P. A., & Poortman, A.-R. (2010). The transition to parenthood and well-being: The impact of partner status and work hour transitions. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 429–438. doi:10.1037/a0020414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keizer, R., & Schenk, N. (2012). Becoming a parent and relationship satisfaction: A longitudinal dyadic perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74, 759–773. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00991.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesavayuth, D., Rosenman, R. E., & Zikos, V. (2016). Retirement, personality, and well-being. Economic Inquiry, 54, 733–750. doi:10.1111/ecin.12307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, E. B., & Botsford, W. (2009). Managing pregnancy disclosures: Understanding and overcoming the challenges of expectant motherhood at work. Human Resource Management Review, 19, 314–323. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnunen, U., Vermulst, A., Gerris, J., & Makikangas, A. (2003). Work-family conflict and its relations to well-being: The role of personality as a moderating factor. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1669–1683. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00389-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knecht, M., Wiese, B. S., & Freund, A. M. (2016). Going beyond work and family: A longitudinal study on the role of leisure in the work–life interplay. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37, 1061–1077. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1002/job.2098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laflamme, D., Pomerleau, A., & Malcuit, G. (2002). A comparison of fathers’ and mothers’ involvement in childcare and stimulation behaviors during free-play with their infants at 9 and 15 months. Sex Roles, 47, 507–518. doi:10.1023/A:1022069720776
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee-Baggley, D., Preece, M., & DeLongis, A. (2005). Coping with interpersonal stress: Role of big five traits. Journal of Personality, 73, 1141–1180. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00345.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (2013). Social cognitive model of career self-management: Toward a unifying view of adaptive career behavior across the life span. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 557–568. doi:10.1037/a0033446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipps, O. (2009). Attrition of households and individuals in panel surveys (SOEP papers No. 164). Berlin, Germany: DIW. Retrieved from http://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/96125/diw_sp0164.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Little, L. M., Major, V. S., Hinojosa, A. S., & Nelson, D. L. (2015). Professional image maintenance: How women navigate pregnancy in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 58, 8–37. doi:10.5465/amj.2013.0599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., & Cheung, F. M. (2015). Testing crossover effects in an actor-partner interdependence model among Chinese dual-earner couples. International Journal of Psychology, 50, 106–114. doi:10.1002/ijop.12070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, R. E. (2005). Time does not heal all wounds: A longitudinal study of reaction and adaptation to divorce. Psychological Science, 16, 945–950. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01642.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, R. E. (2007a). Adaptation and the set-point model of subjective well-being: Does happiness change after major life events? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 75–79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00479.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, R. E. (2007b). Long-term disability is associated with lasting changes in subjective well-being: Evidence from two nationally representative longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 717–730. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, R. E., Clark, A. E., Georgellis, Y., & Diener, E. (2004). Unemployment alters the set point for life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 15, 8–13. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01501002.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luhmann, M., Hofmann, W., Eid, M., & Lucas, R. E. (2012). Subjective well-being and adaptation to life events: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 592–615. doi:10.1037/a0025948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis, R., & Myrskylä, M. (2015). Parental well-being surrounding first birth as a determinant of further parity progression. Demography, 52, 1147–1166. doi:10.1007/s13524-015-0413-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, R. A., Wayne, J. H., & Ford, M. T. (2014). A work-family conflict/subjective well-being process model: A test of competing theories of longitudinal effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 1173–1187. doi:10.1037/a0036674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. (2013). The psychological self as actor, agent, and author. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 272–295. doi:10.1177/1745691612464657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, K. O., & Fleeson, W. (2016). Are traits useful? Explaining trait manifestations as tools in the pursuit of goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110, 287–301. doi:10.1037/a0039490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R., & Allik, J. (2002). The five-factor model of personality across cultures. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (2008). Empirical and theoretical status of the five-factor model of personality traits. In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), The Sage handbook of personality theory and assessment (p. 1). London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2010). Self-regulation and the five-factor model of personality traits. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of personality and self-regulation (pp. 145–168). Oxford, England: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781444318111.ch7
   Google Scholar
• Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A., & Baltes, B. B. (2010). Antecedents of work–family conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 689–725. doi:10.1002/job.695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milkie, M. A., Bianchi, S. M., Mattingly, M. J., & Robinson, J. P. (2002). Gender division of childrearing: Ideals, realities, and the relationship to parental well-being. Sex Roles, 47, 21–38. doi:10.1023/A:1020627602889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, M. N. (2012). Interpreting and visualizing regression models using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
   Google Scholar
• Myrskylä, M., & Margolis, R. (2014). Happiness: Before and after the kids. Demography, 51, 1843–1866. doi:10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, D. B., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2014). Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factors. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 555–578. doi:10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, L. (2008). How parenthood experiences influence desire for more children in Australia: A qualitative study. Journal of Population Research, 25, 1–27. doi:10.1007/BF03031938
   Google Scholar
• Nohe, C., Meier, L. L., Sonntag, K., & Michel, A. (2015). The chicken or the egg? A meta-analysis of panel studies of the relationship between work-family conflict and strain. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, 522–536. doi:10.1037/a0038012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomaguchi, K. M., & Milkie, M. A. (2003). Costs and rewards of children: The effects of becoming a parent on adults’ lives. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 356–374. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00356.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagnan, C. E., Lero, D. S., & MacDermid Wadsworth, S. M. (2011). It doesn’t always add up: Examining dual-earner couples’ decision to off-shift. Community, Work & Family, 14, 297–316. doi:10.1080/13668803.2010.520843
   Google Scholar
• Parr, N. (2010). Satisfaction with life as an antecedent of fertility: Partner + happiness = children? Demographic Research, 22, 635–662. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2010.22.21
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulson, D., & Leuty, M. E. (2016). Dispositional coping, personality traits, and affective style relating to conflict between work and family domains. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 37, 519–539. doi:10.1007/s10834-015-9470-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pocnet, C., Antonietti, J.-P., Strippoli, M.-P. F., Glaus, J., Preisig, M., & Rossier, J. (2016). Individuals’ quality of life linked to major life events, perceived social support, and personality traits. Quality of Life Research, 25, 2897–2908. doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1296-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presser, H. B. (1995). Job, family, and gender: Determinants of nonstandard work schedules among employed Americans in 1991. Demography, 32, 577–598. doi:10.2307/2061676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presser, H. B. (2001). Comment: A gender perspective for understanding low fertility in post-transitional societies. Population and Development Review, 27, 177–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichl, C., Leiter, M. P., & Spinath, F. M. (2014). Work–nonwork conflict and burnout: A meta-analysis. Human Relations, 67, 979–1005. doi:10.1177/0018726713509857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 1–25. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeters, A., Mandemakers, J. J., & Voorpostel, M. (2016). Parenthood and well-being: The moderating role of leisure and paid work. European Journal of Population, 32, 381–401. doi:10.1007/s10680-016-9391-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossier, C., Brachet, S., & Salles, A. (2011). Family policies, norms about gender roles and fertility decisions in France and Germany. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 9, 259–282. doi:10.1553/populationyearbook2011s259
   Google Scholar
• Rossier, J. (2015). Personality assessment and career interventions. In P. J. Hartung, M. L. Savickas, & W. B. Walsh (Eds.), APA handbook of career intervention: Foundations (Vol. 1, pp. 327–350). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/1438-018
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez, L., & Thomson, E. (1997). Becoming mothers and fathers: Parenthood, gender, and the division of labor. Gender & Society, 11, 747–772. doi:10.1177/089124397011006003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimmack, U. (2008). The structure of subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 97–123). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schoeni, R. F., Stafford, F., McGonagle, K. A., & Andreski, P. (2013). Response rates in national panel surveys. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 645, 60–87. doi:10.1177/0002716212456363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanahan, M. J., Hill, P. L., Roberts, B. W., Eccles, J., & Friedman, H. S. (2014). Conscientiousness, health, and aging: The life course of personality model. Developmental Psychology, 50, 1407–1425. doi:10.1037/a0031130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, R. W. (1992). Parental role strains, salience of parental identity and gender differences in psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 25–35. doi:10.2307/2136855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Snijders, T., & Bosker, R. (2012). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and applied multilevel analysis (2nd ed.). London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Spector, P. E., & Meier, L. L. (2014). Methodologies for the study of organizational behavior processes: How to find your keys in the dark. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35, 1109–1119. doi:10.1002/job.1966
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008). Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 138–161. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twenge, J. M., Campbell, W. K., & Foster, C. A. (2003). Parenthood and marital satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 574–583. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00574.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umberson, D., Pudrovska, T., & Reczek, C. (2010). Parenthood, childlessness, and well-being: A life course perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 612–629. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00721.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, G. G., Frick, J. R., & Schupp, J. (2007). The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP): Scope, evolution and enhancements. Schmollers Jahrbuch, 127, 139–169.
   Google Scholar
• Wayne, J. H., Michel, J. S., & Matthews, R. A. (2016). It’s who you are that counts: The importance of personality and values to the work-family experience. In T. D. Allen & L. T. Eby (Eds.), Oxford handbook of work and family (pp. 68–80). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wiese, B. S., & Heidemeier, H. (2012). Successful return to work after maternity leave: Self-regulatory and contextual influences. Research in Human Development, 9, 317–336. doi:10.1080/15427609.2012.729913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiese, B. S., & Ritter, J. O. (2012). Timing matters: Length of leave and working mothers’ daily reentry regrets. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1797–1807. doi:10.1037/a0026211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witt, L. A., & Carlson, D. S. (2006). The work-family interface and job performance: Moderating effects of conscientiousness and perceived organizational support. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11, 343–357. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.11.4.343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap, S. C. Y., Anusic, I., & Lucas, R. E. (2012). Does personality moderate reaction and adaptation to major life events? Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 477–488. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. W., & Howell, R. T. (2011). Do time perspectives predict unique variance in life satisfaction beyond personality traits? Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1261–1266. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.02.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar