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Interview

“Follow Your Interests Because Those Will Motivate You to Excel”: An Interview with Alister Cumming

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Alister’s key publications on language assessment

  • Cumming, A. (1985). Responding to the writing of students of English as a second language. In M. Maguire & A. Paré (Eds.), Patterns of development (pp. 58–75). Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Council of Teachers of English.
  • Cumming, A. (1987a). Evaluations and developments of foreign language education in China. Canadian and International Education, 16(1), 222–226.
  • Cumming, A. (1987b). What is a second language program evaluation? Canadian Modern Language Review, 43(4), 678–700. doi:10.3138/cmlr.43.4.678
  • Cumming, A. (1990). Expertise in evaluating second language compositions. Language Testing, 7(1), 31–51. doi:10.1177/026553229000700104
  • Cumming, A. (1994). Does language assessment facilitate recent immigrants’ participation in Canadian society? TESL Canada Journal, 11(2), 117–133. doi:10.18806/tesl.v11i2.637
  • Cumming, A. (1995). Changing definitions of language proficiency: Functions of language assessment in educational programs for recent immigrant learners of English in Canada. Journal of the Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics, 17(1), 35–48.
  • Cumming, A. (1996a). IEA’s studies of language education: Their scope and contributions. In H. Goldstein (Ed.), Special Issue of Assessment in Education, 3(2), 201–214.
  • Cumming, A. (1996b). The concept of validation in language testing. In A. Cumming & R. Berwick (Eds.), Validation in language testing (pp. 1–14). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Cumming, A. (1997). The testing of second-language writing. In C. Clapham (Ed.), Language assessment, vol. 7 of the Encyclopedia of language and education (pp. 51–63). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer.
  • Cumming, A. (2001a). ESL/EFL writing instructors’ practices for assessment: General or specific purposes? Language Testing, 18(2), 207–224. doi:10.1177/026553220101800206
  • Cumming, A. (2001b). The difficulty of standards, for example in L2 writing. In T. Silva & P. Matsuda (Eds.), On second language writing (pp. 209–229). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Cumming, A. (2003). Assessing L2 writing: Alternative constructs and ethical dilemmas? Assessing Writing, 8(2), 73–83. doi:10.1016/S1075-2935(02)00047-8
  • Cumming, A. (2004). Broadening, deepening, and consolidating. Language Assessment Quarterly, 1(1), 5–18. doi:10.1207/s15434311laq0101_2
  • Cumming, A. (2007). New directions in testing English language proficiency for university entrance. In J. Cummins & C. Davison (Eds.), International handbook of English language teaching (Vol. 1, pp. 473–486). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Cumming, A. (2008). Assessing oral and literate abilities. In E. Shohamy (Ed.), N. Hornberger (Series Ed.), Language testing and assessment, vol. 7 of Encyclopedia of language and education (2nd ed, pp. 3–18). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Cumming, A. (2009a). Assessing academic writing in foreign and second languages: Research timeline. Language Teaching, 42(1), 95–107. doi:10.1017/S0261444808005430
  • Cumming, A. (2009b). Language assessment in education: Tests, curricula and teaching. In B. Spolsky (Ed.), Language policy and assessment. Annual review of applied linguistics (Vol. 29, pp. 90–100). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cumming, A. (2009c). What needs to be developed to facilitate classroom-based assessment? TESOL Quarterly, 43(3), 515–519. doi:10.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00247.x
  • Cumming, A. (2013a). Assessing integrated writing tasks for academic purposes: Promises and perils. Language Assessment Quarterly, 10(1), 1–8. doi:10.1080/15434303.2011.622016
  • Cumming, A. (2013b). Validation of language assessments. In C. Chapelle (Ed.), Assessment and evaluation, C. Chapelle (Series Ed.), Encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1242
  • Cumming, A. (2013c). What can dynamic assessments and conventional tests reveal about language and literacy abilities? In H. McGarrell & D. Wood (Eds.). Special Research Symposium Issue, Contact, 39(2), 50–58.
  • Cumming, A. (2014a). Assessing integrated skills. In A. Kunnan (Ed.), Companion to language assessment (pp. 216–229). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781118411360.wbcla131
  • Cumming, A. (2014b). Linking assessment to curricula, teaching, and learning in language education. In D. Qian & L. Li (Eds.), Teaching and learning English in East Asian universities: Global visions and local practices (pp. 2–18). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Cumming, A. (2015). Design in four diagnostic language assessments. Language Testing, 32(3), 407–416. doi:10.1177/0265532214559115
  • Cumming, A., & Berwick, R. (Eds.). (1996). Validation in language testing. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Cumming, A., Cho, Y., Burstein, J., Everson, P., & Kantor, R. (in press). Assessing academic writing. In X. Xi & J. Norris (Eds.), Assessing Academic English. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Cumming, A., Grant, L., Mulcahy-Ernt, P., & Powers, D. (2004). A teacher-verification study of speaking and writing prototype tasks for a new TOEFL. Language Testing, 21(2), 159–197. doi:10.1191/0265532204lt278oa
  • Cumming, A., Kantor, R., Baba, K., Erdosy, U., Eouanzoui, K., & James, M. (2005). Differences in written discourse in independent and integrated prototype tasks for the next generation TOEFL. Assessing Writing, 10(1), 5–43. doi:10.1016/j.asw.2005.02.001
  • Cumming, A., Kantor, R., & Powers, D. (2002). Decision making while rating ESL/EFL writing tasks: A descriptive framework. Modern Language Journal, 86(1), 67–96. doi:10.1111/1540-4781.00137
  • Cumming, A., Kantor, R., Powers, D., Santos, T., & Taylor, C. (2000). TOEFL 2000 writing framework: A working paper. TOEFL Monograph Series, Report No. 18. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. Retrieved from http://ftp.ets.org/pub/toefl/253719.pdf
  • Cumming, A., & Laurier, M. (Eds.). (2007). Language assessment. [special issue]. Canadian Modern Language Review, 64, (1).
  • Cumming, A., & Mellow, D. (1996). An investigation into the validity of written indicators of second language proficiency. In A. Cumming & R. Berwick (Eds.), Validation in language testing (pp. 72–93). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Mendelsohn, D., & Cumming, A. (1987). Professors’ ratings of language use and rhetorical organization in ESL compositions. TESL Canada Journal, 5(1), 11–26. doi:10.18806/tesl.v5i1.512
  • Qian, D., & Cumming, A. (2017). Researching English language assessment in China: Focusing on high-stakes testing. Introduction to Special Issue, High-stakes English Tests in China, of Language Assessment Quarterly, 14(2), 97–100. doi:10.1080/15434303.2017.1295969

References

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  • Barkaoui, K. (2020). Deepening and broadening our understanding of second language writing ability: Alister Cumming’s contributions. In A. Riazi, L. Shi., & K. Barkaoui (Eds.), Studies and essays on learning, teaching and assessing L2 writing in honour of Alister Cumming (pp. 296–308). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
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  • Burnaby, B., Cumming, A., & Belfiore, M. (1986). Formative evaluation report of the China/Canada Language and Cultural Program. Toronto, Canada: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
  • Chapelle, C. (Ed.). (2012–2013). The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Chapelle, C. (2020). Argument-based validation in testing and assessment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Chapelle, C., Enright, M., & Jamieson, J. (2008). Building a validity argument for the Test of English as a Foreign Language. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Chapelle, C., Grabe, W., & Berns, M. (1997). Communicative language proficiency: Definition and implications for TOEFL 2000. TOEFL Monograph MS 10. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. Retrieved from https://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/RM-97-03.pdf
  • Cheng, L., & Sun, Y. (2015). Interpreting the impact of the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test on second language students within an argument-based validation framework. Language Assessment Quarterly, 12(1), 50–66. doi:10.1080/15434303.2014.981334
  • Crossley, S. A., & McNamara, D. S. (2014). Does writing development equal writing quality? A computational investigation of syntactic complexity in L2 learners. Journal of Second Language Writing, 26, 66–79. doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2014.09.006
  • Cumming, A. (1988). Change, organization, and achievement: Teachers’ concerns in implementing a computer learning environment. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 17(2), 141–163. doi:10.2190/19PP-58NC-VTJJ-VT51
  • Cumming, A. (1989). Writing expertise and second language proficiency. Language Learning, 39(1), 81–141. doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1989.tb00592.x
  • Cumming, A. (2001c). Learning to write in a second language: Two decades of research. In R. Manchón (Ed.), Writing in the L2 Classroom: Issues in Research and Pedagogy, Special Issue of International Journal of English Studies, 1(2), 1–23. University of Murcia, Spain.
  • Cumming, A. (Ed.). (2006). Goals for academic writing: ESL students and their instructors. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.
  • Cumming, A. (2010). Theories, frameworks, and heuristics: Some reflections on inquiry and second-language writing. In T. Silva & P. Matsuda (Eds.), Practicing theory in second language writing (pp. 19–47). West Lafayette, In: Parlor Press.
  • Cumming, A. (Ed.). (2012). Adolescent literacies in a multicultural context. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Cumming, A. (2016). Theoretical orientations to L2 writing. In R. Manchón & P. K. Matsuda (Eds.), Handbook of second and foreign language writing (pp. 65–88). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Cumming, A. (2017). Design and directions for research. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 40(4), 459–463. doi:10.1515/cjal-2017-0028
  • Cumming, A., & Gill, J. (1991). Learning ESL literacy among Indo-Canadian women. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 4(3), 181–200. doi:10.1080/07908319109525104
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  • Cumming, A., & Riazi, A. M. (2000). Building models of adult second-language writing instruction. Learning and Instruction, 5, 197–226.
  • Cumming, A., Yang, L., Qiu, C., Zhang, L., Ji, X., Wang, J., … Lai, C. (2018). Students’ practices and abilities for writing from sources in English at universities in China. Journal of Second Language Writing, 39(1), 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2017.11.001
  • Cummins, J. (1984). Bilingualism and special education: Issues in assessment and pedagogy. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Dickson, P., & Cumming, A. (Eds.). (1996). Profiles of language education in 25 countries. Slough, UK: National Foundation for Educational Research.
  • Fox, J. (2015). Trends and issues in language assessment in Canada: A consideration of context. Language Assessment Quarterly, 12(1), 1–9. doi:10.1080/15434303.2014.999921
  • Gibson, W. (1984). Neuromancer. New York, NY: Ace.
  • Hamp-Lyons, L. (2006). The influence of testing practices on teaching: Ideologies and alternatives. In J. Cummins & C. Davison (Eds.), International handbook of second language teaching (pp.473–490). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer.
  • Harley, B., Allen, P., Cummins, J., & Swain, M. (Eds.). (1990). The development of second language proficiency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jang, E. E. (2014). Focus on assessment. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Jang, E. E., Cummins, J., Wagner, M., Stille, S., & Dunlop, M. (2015). Investigating the homogeneity and distinguishability of STEP proficiency descriptors in assessing English Language Learners in Ontario Schools. Language Assessment Quarterly, 12(1), 87–109.
  • Jones, N., & Saville, N., (2016). Learning oriented assessment: A systematic approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jones, S., & Tetroe, J. (1987). Composing in a second language. In A. Matsuhashi (Ed.), Writing in real time (pp. 96–118). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Knoch, U., & Chapelle, C. (2018). Validation of rating processes within an argument-based framework. Language Testing, 35(4), 477–499. doi:10.1177/0265532217710049
  • Kohls, R., & Wilson, J. (2020). Lessons for life: What Alister taught us about being effective teachers, researchers, and mentors. In A. Riazi, L. Shi, & K. Barkaoui (Eds.), Studies and essays on learning, teaching and assessing L2 writing in honour of Alister Cumming (pp. 280–294). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Kunnan, A. (Ed.). (2014). The companion to language assessment. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Kunnan, A. (2018). Evaluating language assessments. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Lachapelle, R., & Lepage, J. (2011). Languages in Canada: 2006 census. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Heritage and Statistics Canada.
  • Lee, I. (2017). Classroom assessment and feedback in L2 school contexts. Singapore: Springer.
  • Li, H., & He, L. (2015). A comparison of EFL raters’ essay-rating processes across two types of rating scales. Language Assessment Quarterly, 12(2), 178–212. doi:10.1080/15434303.2015.1011738
  • Lumley, T. (2005). Assessing second language writing: The rater’s perspective. Frankfur, Germanyt: Peter Lang.
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