REFERENCES
- Batchelor , G. 1977 . The effect of Brownian motion on the bulk stress in a suspension of spherical particles . Journal of Fluid Mechanics , 83 : 97 – 117 .
- Chen , H , Ding , Y. and Tan , C. 2007 . Rheological behaviour of nanofluids . New Journal of Physics , 9 : 1 – 24 .
- Choi , S.U.S. 1995 . “ Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles ” . In Developments applications of non-newtonian flows , Edited by: Siginer , D.A. and Wang , H.P. 99 – 105 . New York : ASME . FED–-vol. 231/MD–-vol. 66
- Gnielinski , V. 1976 . New equations for heat and mass transfer in turbulent pipe and channel flow . International Chemical Engineering , 16 : 359 – 68 .
- Hamilton , R.L. and Crosser , O.K. 1962 . Thermal conductivity of heterogeneous two-component systems . I&EC Fundamentals , l : 182 – 91 .
- He , Y. , Jin , Y. , Chen , H. , Ding , Y. , Chang , D. and Lu , H. 2007 . Heat transfer and flow behaviour of aqueous suspensions of TiO2 nanoparticles (nanofluids) flowing upward through a vertical pipe . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 50 : 2272 – 81 .
- Khanafer , K. , Vafai , K. and Lightstone , M. 2003 . Buoyancy-driven heat transfer enhancement in a two-dimensional enclosure utilizing nanofluid . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 46 ( 19 ) : 3639 – 53 .
- Kwak , K. and Kim , C. 2005 . Viscosity and thermal conductivity of copper oxide nanofluid dispersed in ethylene glycol . Korea–Australia Rheology Journal , 17 ( 2 ) : 35 – 40 .
- Lee , S. , Choi , S.U.S. , Li , S. and Eastman , J.A. 1999 . Measuring thermal conductivity of fluids containing oxide nanoparticles . Journal of Heat Transfer , 121 : 280 – 89 .
- Maxwell , J.C. 1881 . A treatise on electricity and magnetism , 2nd , Oxford, , U.K : Clarendon Press .
- Xuan , Y. and Li , Q. 2003 . Investigation on convective heat transfer of nanofluids . Journal of Heat Transfer , 125 : 151 – 55 .
- Yang , Y. , Zhang , Z.G. , Grulke , E.A. , Anderson , W. B. and Wu , G. 2005 . Heat transfer properties of nanoparticle-in-fluid dispersions (nanofluids) in laminar flow . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 48 : 1107 – 16 .