Droplet dynamic behaviors on gas diffusion layer surface of various wettabilities in a PEMFC gas flow channel

References

• Akhtar, N., and P. J. A. M. Kerkhof. 2011. Dynamic behavior of liquid water transport in a tapered channel of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36 (4):3076–86. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.11.096.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anyanwu, I. S., Y. Hou, F. Xi, X. Wang, Y. Yin, Q. Du, and K. Jiao. 2019. Comparative analysis of two-phase flow in sinusoidal channel of different geometric configurations with application to PEMFC. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44 (26):13807–19. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.03.213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazylak, A., D. Sinton, and N. Djilali. 2008. Dynamic water transport and droplet emergence in PEMFC gas diffusion layers. Journal of Power Sources 176 (1):240–46. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.10.066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, Y. H., J. Hu, H. P. Ma, B. L. Yi, and H. M. Zhang. 2006. Effects of hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties on the water behavior in the micro-channels of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 161 (2):843–48. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.04.110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, K. S., M. A. Hickner, and D. R. Noble. 2005. Simplified models for predicting the onset of liquid water droplet instability at the gas diffusion layer/gas flow channel interface. International Journal of Energy Research 29 (12):1113–32. doi:10.1002/er.1143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L., Y. L. He, and W. Q. Tao. 2013. Effects of surface microstructures of gas diffusion layer on water droplet dynamic behaviors in a micro gas channel of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 60:252–62. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.11.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, R., Y. Qin, S. Ma, and Q. Du. 2019a. Numerical simulation of liquid water emerging and transport in the flow channel of PEMFC using the volume of fluid method. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.07.169.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, T., S. Liu, J. Zhang, and M. Tang. 2019b. Study on the characteristics of GDL with different PTFE content and its effect on the performance of PEMFC. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 128:1168–74. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.09.097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, S. C., Y. Wang, and K. S. Chen. 2012. Droplet dynamics in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell gas flow channel: Forces, deformation, and detachment. I: Theoretical and numerical analyses. Journal of Power Sources 206:119–28. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, Y., H. T. Bi, and D. P. Wilkinson. 2010. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of water droplet emerging from a gas diffusion layer surface in micro-channels. Journal of Power Sources 195 (21):7278–88. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.05.059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escribano, S., J.-F. Blachot, J. Ethève, A. Morin, and R. Mosdale. 2006. Characterization of PEMFCs gas diffusion layers properties. Journal of Power Sources 156 (1):8–13. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.08.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, R. B., D. S. Falcão, V. B. Oliveira, and A. M. F. R. Pinto. 2015. Numerical simulations of two-phase flow in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using the volume of fluid method–A review. Journal of Power Sources 277:329–42. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golpaygan, A., and N. Ashgriz. 2005. Effects of oxidant fluid properties on the mobility of water droplets in the channels of PEM fuel cell. International Journal of Energy Research 29 (12):1027–40. doi:10.1002/er.1137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao, L., and P. Cheng. 2009. Lattice Boltzmann simulations of liquid droplet dynamic behavior on a hydrophobic surface of a gas flow channel. Journal of Power Sources 190 (2):435–46. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.01.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellstern, T., E. Gauthier, M. J. Cheah, and J. B. Benziger. 2013. The role of the gas diffusion layer on slug formation in gas flow channels of fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38 (35):15414–27. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.09.073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussaini, I. S., and C. Y. Wang. 2009. Visualization and quantification of cathode channel flooding in PEM fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources 187 (2):444–51. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, M., and Z. Wei. 2009. A review of water management in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Energies 2 (4):1057–106. doi:10.3390/en20401057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao, K., and B. Zhou. 2008. Effects of electrode wettabilities on liquid water behaviours in PEM fuel cell cathode. Journal of Power Sources 175 (1):106–19. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao, K., J. Park, and X. Li. 2010. Experimental investigations on liquid water removal from the gas diffusion layer by reactant flow in a PEM fuel cell. Applied Energy 87 (9):2770–77. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.04.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao, K., and X. Li. 2011. Water transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 37 (3):221–91. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2010.06.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo, J. H., and W. T. Kim. 2015. Numerical simulation of water droplet dynamics in a right angle gas channel of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40 (26):8368–83. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.04.122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Z., C. Rath, G. Zhang, and S. G. Kandlikar. 2011. Water management studies in PEM fuel cells, part IV: Effects of channel surface wettability, geometry and orientation on the two-phase flow in parallel gas channels. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36 (16):9864–75. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.04.226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markötter, H., R. Alink, J. Haußmann, K. Dittmann, T. Arlt, F. Wieder, C. Tötzke, M. Klages, C. Reiter, and H. Riesemeier. 2012. Visualization of the water distribution in perforated gas diffusion layers by means of synchrotron X-ray radiography. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37 (9):7757–61. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.01.141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molaeimanesh, G. R., and M. H. Akbari. 2014. Impact of PTFE distribution on the removal of liquid water from a PEMFC electrode by lattice Boltzmann method. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39 (16):8401–09. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molaeimanesh, G. R., and M. H. Akbari. 2016. Role of wettability and water droplet size during water removal from a PEMFC GDL by lattice Boltzmann method. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41 (33):14872–84. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortazavi, M., and K. Tajiri. 2014. Effect of the PTFE content in the gas diffusion layer on water transport in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Journal of Power Sources 245:236–44. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu, Z., Z. Bao, J. Wu, Y. Wang, and K. Jiao. 2018. Two-phase flow in the mixed-wettability gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Applied Energy 232:443–50. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, G. G., Y. J. Sohn, T. H. Yang, Y. G. Yoon, W. Y. Lee, and C. S. Kim. 2004. Effect of PTFE contents in the gas diffusion media on the performance of PEMFC. Journal of Power Sources 131 (1–2):182–87. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.12.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, Y., Q. Du, Y. Yin, K. Jiao, and X. Li. 2013. Numerical investigation of water dynamics in a novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow channel. Journal of Power Sources 222:150–60. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, Y., X. Li, K. Jiao, Q. Du, and Y. Yin. 2014. Effective removal and transport of water in a PEM fuel cell flow channel having a hydrophilic plate. Applied Energy 113:116–26. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.06.053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, Y., X. Wang, R. Chen, and X. Shangguan. 2018. Water transport and removal in PEMFC gas flow channel with various water droplet locations and channel surface wettability. Energies 11 (4):880. doi:10.3390/en11040880.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, Y., Y. Yin, K. Jiao, and Q. Du. 2019. Effects of needle orientation and gas velocity on water transport and removal in a modified PEMFC gas flow channel having a hydrophilic needle. International Journal of Energy Research 43 (7):2538–49. doi:10.1002/er.4116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quan, P., and M.-C. Lai. 2007. Numerical study of water management in the air flow channel of a PEM fuel cell cathode. Journal of Power Sources 164 (1):222–37. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaida, S., K. Tanaka, M. Konno, and Y. Tabe. 2019. Water Transport in Gas Diffusion Layer of PEFC with Wettability Distribution in Thickness Direction. ECS Transactions 92 (8):205. doi:10.1149/09208.0205ecst.
   Google Scholar
• Shirani, E., and S. Masoomi. 2008. Deformation of a droplet in a channel flow. Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 5 (4):4. doi:10.1115/1.2930774.
   Google Scholar
• Song, M., H. Y. Kim, and K. Kim. 2014. Effects of hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of gas flow channels on liquid water transport in a serpentine polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39 (34):19714–21. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.09.168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoreau, V., B. Malki, G. Berthome, L. Boulange-Petermann, and J. C. Joud. 2006. Physico-chemical and dynamic study of oil-drop removal from bare and coated stainless-steel surfaces. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 20 (16):1819–31. doi:10.1163/156856106779116669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., B. Zhou, and M. Jiang. 2019. Dynamic contact angle effects on gas-liquid behaviors in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with stirred tank reactor design. International Journal of Green Energy 16 (5):386–400. doi:10.1080/15435075.2019.1572609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi, Y., T. Zheng‐kai, Z. Zhi‐gang, and P. Mu. 2012. Gravity effect on the performance of PEM fuel cell stack with different gas manifold positions. International Journal of Energy Research 36 (7):845–55. doi:10.1002/er.1837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan, Z., C. Wang, W. Fu, and M. Pan. 2012. Visualization of water transport in a transparent PEMFC. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37 (1):1094–105. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.02.081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, F. Y., X. G. Yang, and C. Y. Wang. 2006. Liquid water removal from a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 153 (2):A225. doi:10.1149/1.2138675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, X., P. C. Sui, and N. Djilali. 2008. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of water droplet dynamics in a PEMFC gas channel. Journal of Power Sources 181 (1):101–15. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.03.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar