Sense of Effort During a Fatiguing Exercise Protocol in Chronic Fatigue SyndromeFootnote∗

∗All costs associated with this study were incurred by Edith Cowan University.

REFERENCES

• Bazelmans , E , Bleijenberg , G , Van Der Meer , JW and Folgering , H . 2001 . Is physical deconditioning a perpetuating factor in chronic fatigue syndrome? A controlled study on maximal exercise performance and relations with fatigue, impairment and physical activity . Psychological Medicine , 31 : 107 – 114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigland-Ritchie , B . 1981 . EMG/force relations and fatigue of human voluntary contractions . Exercise and Sports Science Reviews , 19 : 75 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Borg , G . 1982 . Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion . Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise , 14 ( 5 ) : 377 – 381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cafarelli , E . 1988 . Force sensation in fresh and fatigued human skeletal muscle . Exercise and Sports Science Reviews , 16 : 139 – 168 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cafarelli , E . 1992 . “ Sensory processes and endurance performance ” . In Endurance in Sport , Edited by: Shephard , RJ and Åstrand , PO . 261 – 269 . Great Britain, , United Kingdom : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , RHT . 1992 . “ A multidisciplinary approach to investigating and treating patients with chronic fatigue ” . Edited by: Hyde , BM , Goldstein , J and Levine , P . 210 – 227 . Bethesda, MD : The Nightingale Research Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda , K , Straus , S , Hickie , I , Sharpe , M , Dobbins , J , Komaroff , A and The International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group . 1994 . The chronic fatigue syndrome: A comprehensive approach to its definition and study . Annals of Internal Medicine , 121 ( 12 ) : 953 – 959 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulcher , KY and White , PD . 2000 . Strength and physiological response to exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 69 : 302 – 307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandevia , S . 1997 . “ Kinaesthesia: Roles for afferent signals and motor commands ” . In Handbook of Physiology , Edited by: Rowell , L and Shepherd , J . Vol. 12 , 129 – 172 . Baltimore, MD : Williams & Wilkins . Exercise regulation and integration of multiple systems.
   Google Scholar
• Gandevia , SG and McCloskey , DI . 1977 . Changes in motor commands as shown by changes in perceived heaviness during partial curarisation and peripheral anesthesia in man . Journal of Physiology , 272 : 673 – 689 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandevia , SC and McCloskey , DI . 1978 . Interpretation of perceived motor commands by reference to afferent signals . Journal of Physiology , 283 : 493 – 499 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , H , Carroll , N , Clague , J and Edwards , R . 1993 . Exercise performance and fatiguability in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 56 : 993 – 998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , LA . 1995 . The senses of effort and force during fatiguing contractions . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology , 384 : 305 – 313 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones , LA and Hunter , IW . 1983 . Effects of fatigue on force sensation . Experimental Neurology , 81 : 640 – 665 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent-Braun , J , Sharma , K , Weiner , M , Massie , B and Miller , R . 1993 . Central basis of muscle fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome . Neurology , 43 ( 1 ) : 125 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafargue , G , Paillard , J , Lamarre , Y and Sirigu , A . 2003 . Production and perception of grip force without proprioception: Is there a sense of effort in deafferented subjects? . European Journal of Neuroscience , 17 ( 12 ) : 2741 – 2749 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafargue , G and Sirigu , A . 2002 . Sensation of effort is altered in Huntington's disease . Neuropsychologia , 40 : 1654 – 1661 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawrie , S , McHale , S , Power , M and Goodwin , G . 1997 . Editorial: Is the chronic fatigue syndrome best understood as a primary disturbance of the sense of effort? . Psychological Medicine , 27 ( 5 ) : 995 – 999 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd , AR , Gandevia , SC and Hales , JP . 1991 . Muscle performance, voluntary activation, twitch properties and perceived effort in normal subjects and patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome . Brain , 114 ( 1 ) : 85 – 98 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lloyd , AR , Hales , JP and Gandevia , SC . 1988 . Muscle strength and recovery in the post-infection fatigue syndrome . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 51 : 1316 – 1322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maton , B . 1981 . “ Central nervous changes in fatigue induced by local work ” . In La fatigue musculaire: Aspects biochimiques et physiologiques , Edited by: Atlan , G , Beliveau , L and Bousisou , P . 207 – 221 . Paris, , France : Masson . (Muscle fatigue: Biochemical and physiological aspects).
   Google Scholar
• McCloskey , DI . 1978 . Kinaesthetic sensibility . Physiological Reviews , 58 ( 4 ) : 763 – 820 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloskey , DI . 1981 . “ Corollary discharges: Motor commands and perception ” . In Handbook of Physiology: The Nervous System Vol. II , 1415 – 1447 .
   Google Scholar
• McCluskey , DR . 1993 . “ Pharmacological approaches to the therapy of chronic fatigue syndrome ” . In Chronic Fatigue Syndrome , Edited by: Bock , GR and Whelan , J . 280 – 287 . New York : John Wiley & Sons Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Rowbottom , D , Keast , D , Pervan , A and Morton , AR . 1998 . The physiological response to exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome . Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome , 4 ( 2 ) : 33 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharkey , B . 1991 . “ Toward a new dimension of aerobic fitness ” . In Current issues in exercise science: New dimensions in aerobic fitness , Edited by: Sharkey , B . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Stokes , MJ , Cooper , RG and Edwards , RHT . 1988 . Normal muscle strength and fatigability in patients with effort syndromes . British Medical Journal , 297 : 1014 – 1017 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallman , KE , Morton , AR , Goodman , C , Grove , R and Guilfoyle , AM . 2004 . Randomised controlled trial of graded exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome . Medical Journal of Australia , 180 ( 9 ) : 444 – 448 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessely , S and Edwards , R . 1993 . “ Chronic fatigue ” . In Neurological Rehabilitation , Edited by: Greenwood , R , Barnes , M , McMillan , T and Ward , C . 311 – 325 . London, , UK : Churchill Livingstone .
   Google Scholar