Leg Muscle Power in 12-Year-Old Black and White Tunisian Football Players

REFERENCES

• Abe , T. , Brown , J. B. and Brechue , W. F. 1999 . Architectural characteristics of muscle in black and white college football players . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 31 : 1448 – 1452 .
   Google Scholar
• Ama , P. F. M. , Simoneau , J. A. , Boulay , M. R. , Seresse , O. , Theriault , G. and Bouchard , C. 1986 . Skeletal muscle characteristics in sedentary black and Caucasian males . Journal of Applied Physiology , 61 : 1758 – 1761 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ama , P. F. M. , Lagasse , P. , Bouchard , C. and Simoneau , J. A. 1990 . Anaerobic performances in black and white subjects . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 22 : 508 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arsac , L. M. , Belli , A. and Lacour , J. R. 1996 . Muscle function during brief maximal exercise: accurate measurements on a friction-load cycle ergometer . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 74 : 100 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babel , K. , Hertogh , C. and Hue , O. 2005 . Influence of ethnic origin on predictive parameters of performance in sprint running in prepubertal boys . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 26 : 1 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Bencke , J. , Damsgaard , R. , Saekmose , A. , Jorgensen , P. , Jorgensen , K. and Klausen , K. 2002 . Anaerobic power and muscle strength characteristics of 11 years old elite and non-elite boys and girls from gymnastics, team handball, tennis and swimming . Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 12 : 171 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth , F. W. and Thomson , D. 1991 . Molecular and cellular adaptations of muscle in response to exercise: Perspectives of various models . Physiological Reviews , 71 : 541 – 585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosco , C. , Luhtanen , P. and Komi , P. V. 1983 . A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 50 : 273 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouhlel , E. , Bouhlel , H. , Chelly , M. S. and Tabka , Z. 2006 . Relationship between maximal anaerobic power measured by force-velocity test and performance in the counter movement jump and in the 5-jump test in moderately trained boys . Science & Sports , 21 : 1 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulay , M. R. , Ama , P. F. and Bouchard , C. 1988 . Racial variation in work capacities and powers . Canadian Journal of Applied Sports Sciences , 13 : 127 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Chamari , K. , Hachana , Y. , Ahmed , B. , Galy , O. , Sghaier , F. , Chatard , J. C. , Hue , O. and Wisloff , U. 2004 . Field and laboratory testing in young elite soccer players . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 38 : 191 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelly , M. S. and Denis , C. 2001 . Leg power and hopping stiffness: Relationship with sprint running performance . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 33 : 326 – 333 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Church , J. B. , Wiggins , M. S. , Moode , F. M. and Crist , R. 2001 . Effect of warm up and flexibility treatments on vertical jump performance . The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research , 15 : 332 – 336 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , C. T. , Barnes , C. and Godfrey , S. 1972 . Body composition and maximal exercise performance in children . Human Biology , 44 : 195 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Franca , N. M. , Doré , E. , Bedu , M. and Van Praagh , E. 2002 . Comparison of peak muscle power between Brazilian and French girls . American Journal of Human Biology , 14 : 364 – 371 .
   Google Scholar
• De Jonge , R. , Bedu , M. , Fellmann , N. , Blonc , S. , Spievogel , H. and Coudert , J. 1996 . Effect of anthropometric characteristics and socio-economic status on physical performance of prepubertal children living in Bolivia at low altitude . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 74 : 367 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diallo , O. , Doré , E. , Duché , P. and Van Praagh , E. 2001 . Effects of plyometric training followed by a reduced training programme on physical performance in prepubescent soccer players . The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , 41 : 342 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doré , E. , Diallo , O. , França , N. M. and Van Praagh , E. 2000 . Dimensional changes cannot account for all differences in short-term cycling power during growth . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 21 : 360 – 365 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doré , E. , Duché , P. , Rouffet , D. , Ratel , S. , Bedu , M. and Van Praagh , E. 2003 . Measurement error in short term power testing in young people . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 135 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowson , M. N. , Nevill , M. E. , Lakomy , H. K. , Nevill , A. M. and Hazeldine , R. J. 1998 . Modeling the relationship between isokinetic muscle strength and sprint performance . Journal of Sports Sciences , 16 : 257 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson , B. O. , Gollnick , P. D. and Saltin , B. 1973 . Muscle metabolism and enzyme activities after training in boys 11–13 years old . Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , 87 : 485 – 497 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hajjej , A. , Hmida , S. , Kaabi , H. , Dridi , A. , Jribi , A. , El Gaa , I. A. and Boukef , K. 2006 . HLA genes in southern Tunisian (Ghannouch Area) and their relationship with other mediterraneans . European Journal of Medical Genetics , 49 : 43 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamill , P. V. , Drizd , T. A. , Johnson , C. L. , Reed , R. B. , Roche , A. F. and Moore , W. M. 1979 . Physical growth: National Center for Health Statistics percentiles . The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 32 : 607 – 629 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautier , C. A. , Linossier , M. T. , Belli , A. , Lacour , J. R. and Arsac , L. M. 1996 . Optimal velocity for maximal power production in non-isokinetic cycling is related to muscle fibre type composition . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 74 : 207 – 213 .
   Google Scholar
• Himes , J. H. 1988 . Racial variation in physique and body composition . Canadian Journal of Applied Sports Sciences , 13 : 117 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Huttinger , P.W. 1959 . Differences in speed between American negro and white children in performance of the 35-yard dashes . Research Quarterly , 30 : 366 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , P. R. M. and Pearson , J. 1969 . Anthropometric determination of leg fat and muscle plus bone volumes in young male and female adults . Journal of Physiology , 204 : 63 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komi , P. V. , Viitasalo , J. H. , Havu , M. , Thorstensson , A. , Sjodin , B. and Karlsson , J. 1977 . Skeletal muscle fibres and muscle enzyme activities in monozygous and dizygous twins of both sexes . Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , 100 : 385 – 392 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuno , S. , Takahashi , H. , Fujimoto , K. , Akima , H. , Miyamaru , M. , Nemoto , I. , Itai , Y. and Katsuta , S. 1995 . Muscle metabolism during exercise using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adolescents . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 70 : 301 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavorel , M. , Doré , E. , Bedu , M. , Van Praagh , E. and Duché , P. 1998 . May motor learning affects the child's anaerobic performance . Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Congress of ECSS . 1998 , Liverpool. Edited by: Sargeant , A. J. and Siddons , H. pp. 266 The Centre for Health Care Development .
   Google Scholar
• Malina , R. M. 1988 . Racial/ethnic variation in the motor development and performance of American children . Canadian Journal of Applied Sports Sciences , 13 : 136 – 143 .
   Google Scholar
• Malina , R. M. , Bouchard , C. and Bar-Or , O. 2004 . Growth maturation and physical activity , 2nd , 307 – 336 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , R. J. , Doré , E. , Hautier , C. A,. , Van Praagh , E. and Bedu , M. 2003 . Short-term peak power changes in adolescents of similar anthropometric characteristics . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 35 : 1436 – 1440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray , R. G , Harrell , J. S. , Bradley , C. B. , Deng , S. and Bangdiwala , S. I. 2002 . Predicted maximal aerobic power in youth is related to age, gender, and ethnicity . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 34 : 145 – 151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mero , A. , Jaakkola , L. and Komi , P. V. 1991 . Relationships between muscle fibre characteristics and physical performance capacity in trained athletic boys . Journal of Sports Sciences , 9 : 161 – 171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obert , P. , Bedu , M. , Fellman , N. , Falgairette , G. , Beaune , B. , Quintela , A. , Van Praagh , E. , Spielvogel , H. , Kemper , H. Post , B. 1993 . Effect of chronic hypoxia and socioeconomic status on VO2 max and anaerobic power of Bolivian boys . Journal of Applied Physiology , 74 : 888 – 896 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paâvolainen , L. , Hakkinen , K. , Hamalainen , I. , Nummela , A. and Rusko , H. 1999 . Explosive-strength training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscle power . Journal of Applied Physiology , 86 : 1527 – 1533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche , A. F. 1994 . Executive Summary of the Growth Chart Workshop (1992) , Hyattsville, MD : Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics .
   Google Scholar
• Sargeant , A. J. , Dolan , P. and Young , A. 1984 . Optimal velocity for maximal short-term (anaerobic) power output in cycling . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 5 : 124 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Stolen , T. , Chamari , K. , Castagna , C. and Wisloff , U. 2005 . Physiology of soccer: An update . Sports Medicine , 35 : 501 – 536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Praagh , E. , Fellman , N. , Bedu , M. , Falgairette , G. and Coudert , J. 1990 . Gender difference in the relationship of anaerobic power output to body composition in children . Pediatric Exercise Science , 2 : 336 – 348 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Praagh , E. 2000 . Development of anaerobic function during childhood and adolescence . Pediatric Exercise Science , 12 : 150 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar