Does oxygen-enriched air better than normal air improve sympathovagal balance in recreational divers?An open-water study

References

• Arieli, R., Yalov, A., & Goldenshluger, A. (2002). Modeling pulmonary and CNS O(2) toxicity and estimation of parameters for humans. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 92(1), 248–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, Y., Mahon, R. T., White, J. C., Brink, P. R., & Chon, K. H. (2009). Impairment of the autonomic nervous function during decompression sickness in swine. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 106(3), 1004–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, E., Garcia-Manso, J. M., Martin-Gonzalez, J. M., Sarmiento, S., Calderon, F. J., & Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E. (2010). Effect of hyperbaric pressure during scuba diving on autonomic modulation of the cardiac response: Application of the continuous wavelet transform to the analysis of heart rate variability. Military Medicine, 175(1), 61–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bert, P., Hitchcock, M., & Hicthcock, F. (1943). Barometric pressure: Researches in experimental physiology. First published in French, 1878, Paul Bert [Online]. Abgerufen 19 August 2016, von College Book Company website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bert
   Google Scholar
• Brebeck, A.-K., Deussen, A., Range, U., Balestra, C., Cleveland, S., & Schipke, J. D. (2018). Beneficial effect of enriched air nitrox on bubble formation during scuba diving. An open-water study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(6), 605–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brebeck, A.-K., Deussen, A., Schmitz-Peiffer, H., Range, U., Balestra, C., Cleveland, S., & Schipke, J. D. (2017). Effects of oxygen-enriched air on cognitive performance during SCUBA-divingâ an open-water study. Research in Sports Medicine (Print), 25(3), 345–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzzacott, P., & Denoble, P. J. (2017). Possible central nervous system oxygen toxicity seizures among US recreational air or enriched air nitrox open circuit diving fatalities 2004–2013. Brain Injury, 31(3), 366–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chouchou, F., Pichot, V., Garet, M., Barthelemy, J.-C., & Roche, F. (2009). Dominance in cardiac parasympathetic activity during real recreational SCUBA diving. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(3), 345–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlback, G. O., Jonsson, E., & Liner, M. H. (1978). Influence of hydrostatic compression of the chest and intrathoracic blood pooling on static lung mechanics during head-out immersion. Undersea Biomedical Research, 5(1), 71–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dantas, E. M., Kemp, A. H., Andreao, R. V., da Silva, V. J. D., Brunoni, A. R., Hoshi, R. A., … Mill, J. G. (2018). Reference values for short-term resting-state heart rate variability in healthy adults: Results from the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health-ELSA-Brasil study. Psychophysiology, 55(6), e13052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEMA. (2018). Recreational scuba diving and snorkeling. Abgerufen von https://www.dema.org/
   Google Scholar
• DGUV Vorschrift. (2012). UnfallverhütungsvorschriftTaucherarbeiten. https://publikationen.dguv.de
   Google Scholar
• Doering, K., Muth, T., Cleveland, S., & Schipke, J. D. (2018). Effects of recreational tech diving on measures of respiration. NZJ Sports Med, 44, 70–76.
   Google Scholar
• Eckenhoff, R. G., & Knight, D. R. (1984). Cardiac arrhythmias and heart rate changes in prolonged hyperbaric air exposures. Undersea Biomedical Research, 11(4), 355–367.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fock, A., Harris, R., & Slade, M. (2013). Oxygen exposure and toxicity in recreational technical divers. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, 43(2), 67–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gole, Y., Gargne, O., Coulange, M., Steinberg, J.-G., Bouhaddi, M., Jammes, Y., … Boussuges, A. (2011). Hyperoxia-induced alterations in cardiovascular function and autonomic control during return to normoxic breathing. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(6), 937–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooden, B. A. (1994). Mechanism of the human diving response. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science : the Official Journal of the Pavlovian Society, 29(1), 6–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Groger, M., Oter, S., Simkova, V., Bolten, M., Koch, A., Warninghoff, V., … Radermacher, P. (2009). DNA damage after long-term repetitive hyperbaric oxygen exposure. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 106(1), 311–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover, C. A., & Grover, D. H. (2014). Albert Behnke: Nitrogen narcosis. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 46(2), 225–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirayanagi, K., Nakabayashi, K., Okonogi, K., & Ohiwa, H. (2003). Autonomic nervous activity and stress hormones induced by hyperbaric saturation diving. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 30(1), 47–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirsch, J. A., & Bishop, B. (1981). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans: How breathing pattern modulates heart rate. The American Journal of Physiology, 241(4), H620–629.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamath, M. V., & Fallen, E. L. (1993). Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability: A noninvasive signature of cardiac autonomic function. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 21(3), 245–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneller, W., & Hobbs, M. (2013). The levels of processing effect under nitrogen narcosis. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 40(3), 239–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, A. E., Kahler, W., Wegner-Brose, H., Weyer, D., Kuhtz-Buschbeck, J., Deuschl, G., & Eschenfelder, C. C. (2008). Monitoring of CBFV and time characteristics of oxygen-induced acute CNS toxicity in humans. European Journal of Neurology, 15(7), 746–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kujawski, S., Slomko, J., Zawadka-Kunikowska, M., Kozakiewicz, M., Klawe, J. J., Tafil-Klawe, M., & Zalewski, P. (2017). Effects of hyperbaric exposure on the cardiovascular system. Role of the autonomous nervous system. Polish Hyperbaric Research, 61, 33–42. doi:10.1515/phr-2017-00020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurita, A., Nagayoshi, H., Okamoto, Y., Takase, B., Ishizuka, T., & Oiwa, H. (2002). Effects of severe hyperbaric pressure on autonomic nerve functions. Military Medicine, 167(11), 934–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, M. (2001). DAN nitrox workshop proceedings. Durham (NC): Divers Alert Network.
   Google Scholar
• Leitch, D. R., & Hallenbeck, J. M. (1985). Electrocardiographic changes in serious decompression sickness. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 56(10), 966–971.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lund, V., Kentala, E., Scheinin, H., Klossner, J., Sariola-Heinonen, K., & Jalonen, J. (2000). Hyperbaric oxygen increases parasympathetic activity in professional divers. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 170(1), 39–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lund, V., Laine, J., Laitio, T., Kentala, E., Jalonen, J., & Scheinin, H. (2003). Instantaneous beat-to-beat variability reflects vagal tone during hyperbaric hyperoxia. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 30(1), 29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak, S., Azevedo, E. R., Liu, P. P., & Newton, G. E. (2001). Effect of hyperoxia on left ventricular function and filling pressures in patients with and without congestive heart failure. Chest, 120(2), 467–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik, M., & Camm, A. J. (1994). Heart rate variability and clinical cardiology. British Heart Journal, 71(1), 3–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malliani, A., Pagani, M., Montano, N., & Mela, G. S. (1998). Sympathovagal balance: A reappraisal. Circulation, 98(23), 2640–2643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marinovic, J., Ljubkovic, M., Breskovic, T., Gunjaca, G., Obad, A., Modun, D., … Dujic, Z. (2012). Effects of successive air and nitrox dives on human vascular function. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(6), 2131–2137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, S. J., & Bove, A. A. (2011). Medical screening of recreational divers for cardiovascular disease: Consensus discussion at the divers alert network fatality workshop. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 38(4), 289–296.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noh, Y., Posada-Quintero, H. F., Bai, Y., White, J., Florian, J. P., Brink, P. R., & Chon, K. H. (2018). Effect of shallow and deep SCUBA dives on heart rate variability. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunan, D., Sandercock, G. R. H., & Brodie, D. A. (2010). A quantitative systematic review of normal values for short-term heart rate variability in healthy adults. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE, 33(11), 1407–1417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagani, M., Lombardi, F., Guzzetti, S., Sandrone, G., Rimoldi, O., Malfatto, G., … Malliani, A. (1984). Power spectral density of heart rate variability as an index of sympatho-vagal interaction in normal and hypertensive subjects. Journal of Hypertension. Supplement : Official Journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 2(3), S383–385.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pagani, M., Mazzuero, G., Ferrari, A., Liberati, D., Cerutti, S., Vaitl, D., … Malliani, A. (1991). Sympathovagal interaction during mental stress. A study using spectral analysis of heart rate variability in healthy control subjects and patients with a prior myocardial infarction. Circulation, 83(4 Suppl), II43–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, Y. S., Claybaugh, J. R., Shiraki, K., & Mohri, M. (1998). Renal function in hyperbaric environment. Applied Human Science : Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 17(1), 1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pelzer, M., Hafner, D., Arnold, G., & Schipke, J. D. (1995). Minimal interval length for safe determination of brief heart rate variability. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie, 84(12), 986–994.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rehner, F. (2011). Heart rate variability (HRV) during scuba diving with compressed air. A comparison between swimmming pool and open water diving. Proceedings. Gdansk: Gehalten auf der EUBS.
   Google Scholar
• Rehner, F. (2014). Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV) beim Tauchen mit Pressluft: Ein Vergleich zwischen Schwimmbad- und realen Freiwasserbedingungen. Kiel: Christian-Albrechts-Universität.
   Google Scholar
• Sassi, R., Cerutti, S., Lombardi, F., Malik, M., Huikuri, H. V., Peng, C.-K., … Yamamoto, Y. (2015). Advances in heart rate variability signal analysis: Joint position statement by the e-cardiology ESC working group and the European Heart Rhythm Association co-endorsed by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 17(9), 1341–1353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schipke, J. D., Cleveland, S., & Drees, M. (2018). Sphenoid sinus barotrauma in diving: Case series and review of the literature. Research in Sports Medicine, 26(1), 124–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schipke, J. D., & Pelzer, M. (2001). Effect of immersion, submersion, and scuba diving on heart rate variability. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(3), 174–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirato, S. R., El-Dash, I., El-Dash, V., Natali, J. E., Starzynski, P. N., & Chaui-Berlinck, J. G. (2018). Heart rate variability changes as an indicator of decompression-related physiological stress. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 45(2), 173–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldahl, L. M., Tristani, F. E., Clifford, P. S., Hughes, C. V., Sobocinski, K. A., & Morris, R. D. (1987). Effect of head-out water immersion on cardiorespiratory response to dynamic exercise. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10(6), 1254–1258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherlock, S., Way, M., & Tabah, A. (2018). Audit of practice in Australasian hyperbaric units on the incidence of central nervous system oxygen toxicity. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, 48(2), 73–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibata, S., Iwasaki, K.-I., Ogawa, Y., Kato, J., & Ogawa, S. (2005). Cardiovascular neuroregulation during acute exposure to 40, 70, and 100% oxygen at sea level. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 76(12), 1105–1110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Souday, V., Koning, N. J., Perez, B., Grelon, F., Mercat, A., Boer, C., … Asfar, P. (2016). Enriched air nitrox breathing reduces venous gas bubbles after simulated SCUBA diving: A double-blind cross-over randomized trial. PLoS One, 11(5), e0154761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theunissen, S., Balestra, C., Boutros, A., De Bels, D., Guerrero, F., & Germonpre, P. (2015). The effect of pre-dive ingestion of dark chocolate on endothelial function after a scuba dive. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, 45(1), 4–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhlig, F., Muth, C.-M., Tetzlaff, K., Koch, A., Leberle, R., Georgieff, M., & Winkler, B. E. (2014). Lung function after cold-water dives with a standard scuba regulator or full-face-mask during wintertime. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, 44(2), 70–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warchol, J. M., Cooper, J. S., & Diesing, T. S. (2017). Hyperbaric oxygen-associated seizure leading to stroke. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, 47(4), 260–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wingelaar, T. T., van Ooij, P.-J. A. M., & van Hulst, R. A. (2017). Oxygen toxicity and special operations forces diving: Hidden and dangerous. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winklewski, P. J., Kot, J., Frydrychowski, A. F., Nuckowska, M. K., & Tkachenko, Y. (2013). Effects of diving and oxygen on autonomic nervous system and cerebral blood flow. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, 43(3), 148–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte, J., Kahler, W., Wunderlich, T., Radermacher, P., Wohlrab, C., & Koch, A. (2014). Dose-time dependency of hyperbaric hyperoxia-induced DNA strand breaks in human immune cells visualized with the comet assay. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 41(3), 171–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamazaki, F., Wada, F., Nagaya, K., Torii, R., Endo, Y., Sagawa, S., … Shiraki, K. (2003). Autonomic mechanisms of bradycardia during nitrox exposure at 3 atmospheres absolute in humans. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 74(6 Pt 1), 643–648.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar